Wind Energy Generation: Modelling and Control

by Anaya-Lara, Olimpo; Jenkins, Nick; Ekanayake, Janaka B.; Cartwright, Phill; Hughes, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780470714331
• ISBN10: 0470714336
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-08-31
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

With increasing concern over climate change and the security of energy supplies, wind power is emerging as an important source of electrical energy throughout the world.Modern wind turbines use advanced power electronics to provide efficient generator control and to ensure compatible operation with the power system. Wind Energy Generation describes the fundamental principles and modelling of the electrical generator and power electronic systems used in large wind turbines. It also discusses how they interact with the power system and the influence of wind turbines on power system operation and stability.Key features: Includes a comprehensive account of power electronic equipment used in wind turbines and for their grid connection. Describes enabling technologies which facilitate the connection of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms. Provides detailed modelling and control of wind turbine systems. Shows a number of simulations and case studies which explain the dynamic interaction between wind power and conventional generation.

Author Biography

Olimpo Anaya-Lara is a Lecturer in the Institute for Energy and Environment at the University of Strathclyde, UK. Over the course of his career, he has successfully undertaken research on power electronic equipment, control systems development, and stability and control of power systems with increased wind energy penetration. He was a member of the International Energy Agency Annexes XXI Dynamic models of wind farms for power system studies and XXIII Offshore wind energy technology development. He is currently a Member of the IEEE and IET, and has published 2 technical books, as well as over 80 papers in international journals and conference proceedings.

Nick Jenkins was at the University of Manchester (UMIST) from 1992 to 2008. In 2008 he moved to Cardiff University where he is now the Professor of Renewable Energy. His career includes 14 years of industrial experience, 5 of which were spent in developing countries. His final position before joining the university was as a Projects Director for the Wind Energy Group, a manufacturer of large wind turbines. He is a Fellow of the IET, IEEE and Royal Academy of Engineering. In 2009 and 2010 he was the Shimizu visiting professor at Stanford University.

Janaka Ekanayake joined Cardiff University as a Senior Lecturer in June 2008 from the University of Manchester where he was a Research Fellow. Since 1992 he has been attached to the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and was promoted to a Professor in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in 2003. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and a Member of IET. His main research interests include power electronic applications for power systems, renewable energy generation and its integration. He has published more than 25 papers in refereed journals and has also coauthored a book.

Phill Cartwright has 20 years of industrial experience in the research, analyses, design and implementation of flexible power systems architectures and projects with ABB, ALSTOM and AREVA in Brazil, China, Europe, India and the USA. He is currently the Head of the global Electrical & Automation Systems business for Rolls-Royce Group Plc, providing integrated power systems products and technology for Civil Aerospace, Defence Aerospace, Marine Systems, New Nuclear and emerging Tidal Generation markets and developments. He is a visiting professor in Power Systems at The University of Strathclyde, UK.

Mike Hughes graduated from the University of Liverpool in 1961 with first class honours in electrical engineering. His initial career in the power industry was with the Associated Electrical Industries and The Nuclear Power Group, working on network analysis and control scheme design. From 1971 to 1999, he was with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology teaching and researching in the areas of power system dynamics and control. He is currently a part-time Research Fellow with Imperial College, London and a consultant in power plant control and wind generation systems.

Table of Contents

About the Authors

Preface

Acronyms and Symbols

Electricity Generation from Wind Energy

Wind Farms

Wind Energy-generating Systems

Wind Generators Compared with Conventional Power Plant

Grid Code Regulations for the Integration of Wind Generation

References

Power Electronics for Wind Turbines

Soft-starter for FSIG Wind Turbines

Voltage Source Converters (VSCs)

Application of VSCs for Variable-speed Systems

References

Modelling of Synchronous Generators

Synchronous Generator Construction

The Air-gap Magnetic Field of the Synchronous Generator

Coil Representation of the Synchronous Generator

Generator Equations in the dq Frame

Steady-state Operation

Synchronous Generator with Damper Windings

Non-reduced Order Model

Reduced-order Model

Control of Large Synchronous Generators

References

Fixed-speed Induction Generator (FSIG)-based Wind Turbines

Induction Machine Construction

Steady-state Characteristics

FSIG Configurations for Wind Generation

Induction Machine Modelling

Dynamic Performance of FSIG Wind Turbines

References

Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Wind Turbines

Typical DFIG Configuration

Steady-state Characteristics

Control for Optimum Wind Power Extraction

Control Strategies for a DFIG

Dynamic Performance Assessment

References

Fully Rated Converter-based (FRC) Wind Turbines

FRC Synchronous Generator-based (FRC-SG) Wind Turbine

FRC Induction Generator-based (FRC-IG) Wind Turbine

References

Influence of Rotor Dynamics on Wind Turbine Operation

Blade Bending Dynamics

Derivation of Three-mass Model

Effective Two-mass Model

Assessment of FSIG and DFIG Wind Turbine Performance

Acknowledgement

References

Influence of Wind Farms on Network Dynamic Performance

Dynamic Stability and its Assessment

Dynamic Characteristics of Synchronous Generation

A Synchronizing Power and Damping Power Model of a Synchronous Generator

Influence of Automatic Voltage Regulator on Damping

Influence on Damping of Generator Operating Conditions

Influence of Turbine Governor on Generator Operation

Transient Stability

Voltage Stability

Generic Test Network

Influence of Generation Type on Network Dynamic Stability

Dynamic Interaction of Wind Farms with the Network

Influence of Wind Generation on Network Transient Performance

References

Power Systems Stabilizers and Network Damping Capability of Wind Farms

A Power System Stabilizer for a Synchronous Generator

A Power System Stabilizer for a DFIG

A Power System Stabilizer for an FRC Wind Farm

References

The Integration of Wind Farms into the Power System

Reactive Power Compensation

HVAC Connections

HVDC Connections

Example of the Design of a Submarine Network

Acknowledgement

References

Wind Turbine Control for System Contingencies

Contribution of Wind Generation to Frequency Regulation

Fault Ride-through (FRT)

References

State-Space Concepts and Models

Introduction to Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Linearization of State Equations

Generic Network Model Parameters

Index

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