World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Combined Volume

by Stearns, Peter N.; Adas, Michael; Schwartz, Stuart B.; Gilbert, Marc Jason

• ISBN13: 9780321391926
• ISBN10: 0321391926
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

The primary goal ofWorld Civilizationsis to present a truly global historysince the development of agriculture and herding to the present. Overview of World History.Readers interested in the history and development of civilization worldwide.

Table of Contents

Maps	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Supplements	p. xx
About the Authors	p. xxiii
Prologue	p. xxiv
From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins	p. 2
The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization	p. 8
Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers	p. 9
Document: Tales of the Hunt: Paleolithic Cave Paintings as History	p. 13
Agriculture and the Origins of Civilization: The Neolithic Revolution	p. 15
Visualizing the Past: Representations of Women in Early Art	p. 19
The First Towns: Seedbeds of Civilization	p. 20
In Depth: The Idea of Civilization in World Historical Perspective	p. 22
Global Connections: The Neolithic Revolution as the Basis for World History	p. 24
Further Readings	p. 24
On the Web	p. 24
The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa	p. 26
Civilization in Mesopotamia	p. 27
Visualizing the Past: Mesopotamia in Maps	p. 32
Document: Hammurabi's Law Code	p. 34
Ancient Egypt	p. 35
In Depth: Women in Patriarchal Societies	p. 38
Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared	p. 39
Civilization Centers in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean	p. 40
The Issue of Heritage	p. 43
Global Connections: The Early Civilizations and the World	p. 44
Further Readings	p. 44
On the Web	p. 44
Asia's First Civilizations: India and China	p. 46
The Indus Valley and the Birth of South Asian Civilization	p. 49
Aryan Incursions and Early Aryan Society in India	p. 52
Document: Aryan Poetry in Praise of a War Horse	p. 54
A Bend in the River and the Beginnings of China	p. 55
The Decline of the Shang and the Era of Zhou Dominance	p. 59
In Depth: The Legacy of Asia's First Civilizations	p. 60
Visualizing the Past: Mapping the Rise of Civilizations	p. 63
Global Connections: Contrasting Legacies: Harappan and Early Chinese Civilizations	p. 64
Further Readings	p. 65
On the Web	p. 65
The Classical Period, 1000 B.C.E.-500 C.E.: Uniting Large Regions	p. 68
Unification and the Consolidation of Civilization in China	p. 74
Philosophical Remedies for the Prolonged Crisis of the Later Zhou	p. 76
Document: Teachings of the Rival Chinese Schools	p. 80
The Triumph of the Qin and Imperial Unity	p. 80
The Han Dynasty and the Foundations of China's Classical Age	p. 83
In Depth: Sunzi and the Shift from Ritual Combat to "Real" War	p. 84
Visualizing the Past: Capital Designs and Patterns of Political Power	p. 90
Global Connections: Classical China and the World	p. 92
Further Readings	p. 93
On the Web	p. 93
Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece	p. 94
The Persian Empire: Parallel Power in the Middle East	p. 96
The Political Character of Classical Greece	p. 97
The Hellenistic Period	p. 102
Creativity in Greek and Hellenistic Culture	p. 104
In Depth: Defining Social History	p. 106
Document: The Power of Greek Drama	p. 108
Patterns of Greek and Hellenistic Society	p. 110
Visualizing the Past: Commerce and Society	p. 112
Global Connections: Persia, Greece, and the World	p. 114
Further Readings	p. 114
On the Web	p. 114
Religious Rivalries and India's Golden Age	p. 116
The Age of Brahman Dominance	p. 118
In Depth: Inequality as the Social Norm	p. 122
Religious Ferment and the Rise of Buddhism	p. 125
Visualizing the Past: The Pattern of Trade in the Ancient Eurasian World	p. 130
Brahmanical Recovery and the Splendors of the Gupta Age	p. 130
Document: A Guardian's Farewell Speech to a Young Woman About to Be Married	p. 135
Global Connections: India and the Wider World	p. 137
Further Readings	p. 138
On the Web	p. 138
Rome and Its Empire	p. 140
The Development of Rome's Republic	p. 142
Roman Culture	p. 146
Document: Rome and a Values Crisis	p. 147
The Institutions of Empire	p. 148
The Evolution of Rome's Economic and Social Structure	p. 150
Visualizing the Past: Religions in Rome	p. 151
In Depth: The Classical Civilizations in Comparative Perspective	p. 153
The Origins of Christianity	p. 154
The Decline of Rome	p. 156
Global Connections: Rome and the World	p. 156
Further Readings	p. 156
On the Web	p. 157
The Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas	p. 158
Origins of American Societies	p. 161
Spread of Civilization in Mesoamerica	p. 165
Document: Deciphering the Maya Glyphs	p. 169
The Peoples to the North	p. 171
In Depth: Different Times for Different Peoples	p. 172
The Andean World	p. 175
Visualizing the Past: Ancient Agriculture	p. 177
Global Connections: American Civilizations and the World	p. 180
Further Readings	p. 180
On the Web	p. 180
The Spread of Civilizations and the Movement of Peoples	p. 182
The Spread of Civilization in Africa	p. 185
Document: Myths of Origin	p. 190
In Depth: Language as a Historical Source	p. 194
Nomadic Societies and Indo-European Migrations	p. 195
Visualizing the Past: Varieties of Human Adaptation and the Potential for Civilization	p. 200
The Spread of Chinese Civilization to Japan	p. 200
The Scattered Societies of Polynesia	p. 206
Global Connections: The Emerging Cultures	p. 209
Further Readings	p. 210
On the Web	p. 210
The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition, 200-700 C.E.	p. 212
Upheavals in Eastern and Southern Asia	p. 214
Document: The Popularization of Buddhism	p. 216
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire	p. 218
In Depth: The Problem of Decline and Fall	p. 222
The Development and Spread of World Religions	p. 222
Visualizing the Past: Religious Geography	p. 226
Global Connections: The Late Classical Period and the World	p. 227
Further Readings	p. 227
On the Web	p. 227
The Postclassical Period, 500-1450: New Faith and New Commerce	p. 230
The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam	p. 236
Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World	p. 238
The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam	p. 242
The Arab Empire of the Umayyads	p. 246
In Depth: Civilization and Gender Relationships	p. 250
From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era	p. 253
Document: The Thousand and One Nights as a Mirror of Elite Society in the Abbasid Era	p. 255
Visualizing the Past: The Mosque as a Symbol of Islamic Civilization	p. 256
Global Connections: Early Islam and the World	p. 258
Further Readings	p. 258
On the Web	p. 259
Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia	p. 260
The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras	p. 262
Document: Ibn Khaldun on the Rise and Decline of Empires	p. 266
An Age of Learning and Artistic Refinements	p. 267
The Coming of Islam to South Asia	p. 270
Visualizing the Past: The Patterns of Islam's Global Expansions	p. 271
The Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia	p. 277
In Depth: Conversion and Accommodation in the Spread of World Religions	p. 278
Global Connections: Islam: A Bridge Between Worlds	p. 280
Further Readings	p. 280
On the Web	p. 281
African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam	p. 282
African Societies: Diversity and Similarities	p. 284
Kingdoms of the Grasslands	p. 287
Document: The Great Oral Tradition and the Epic of Sundiata	p. 290
Visualizing the Past: The Architecture of Faith	p. 293
The Swahili Coast of East Africa	p. 294
Peoples of the Forest and Plains	p. 295
In Depth: Two Transitions in the History of World Population	p. 296
Global Connections: Internal Development and Global Contacts	p. 301
Further Readings	p. 302
On the Web	p. 302
Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe	p. 304
The Byzantine Empire	p. 307
Visualizing the Past: Women and Power in Byzantium	p. 311
The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe	p. 313
Document: Russia Turns to Christianity	p. 316
In Depth: Eastern and Western Europe: The Problem of Boundaries	p. 318
Global Connections: Eastern Europe and the World	p. 318
Further Readings	p. 319
On the Web	p. 319
A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe	p. 320
Stages of Postclassical Development	p. 323
Western Culture in the Postclassical Era	p. 331
Changing Economic and Social Forms in the Postclassical Centuries	p. 334
Visualizing the Past: Peasant Labor	p. 335
Document: Changing Roles for Women	p. 338
The Decline of the Medieval Synthesis	p. 339
In Depth: Western Civilization	p. 341
Global Connections: Medieval Europe and the World	p. 342
Further Readings	p. 342
On the Web	p. 342
The Americas on the Eve of Invasion	p. 344
Postclassic Mesoamerica, 1000-1500 C.E.	p. 346
Aztec Society in Transition	p. 351
Document: Aztec Women and Men	p. 354
Twantinsuyu: World of the Incas	p. 354
Visualizing the Past: Archeological Evidence of Political Practices	p. 357
In Depth: The "Troubling" Civilizations of the Americas	p. 360
The Other Peoples of the Americas	p. 362
Global Connections: The Americas and the World	p. 364
Further Readings	p. 364
On the Web	p. 365
Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties	p. 366
Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice in the Sui-Tang Era	p. 367
Document: Ties That Bind: Paths to Power	p. 371
Tang Decline and the Rise of the Song	p. 373
Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of a Golden Age	p. 377
Visualizing the Past: The Great Ships of the Tang and Song Eras	p. 380
In Depth: Artistic Expression and Social Values	p. 383
Global Connections: China's World Role	p. 386
Further Readings	p. 386
On the Web	p. 387
The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam	p. 388
Japan: The Imperial Age	p. 390
The Era of Warrior Dominance	p. 395
In Depth: Comparing Feudalisms	p. 396
Korea: Between China and Japan	p. 400
Between China and Southeast Asia: The Making of Vietnam	p. 403
Visualizing the Past: What Their Portraits Tell Us: Gatekeeper Elites and the Persistence of Civilizations	p. 406
Document: Literature as a Mirror of the Exchanges Between Civilized Centers	p. 409
Global Connections: In the Orbit of China: The East Asian Corner of the Global System	p. 410
Further Readings	p. 410
On the Web	p. 411
The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur	p. 412
The Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan	p. 415
Document: A European Assessment of the Virtues and Vices of the Mongols	p. 419
The Mongol Drive to the West	p. 420
Visualizing the Past: The Mongol Empire as a Bridge Between Civilizations	p. 422
The Mongol Interlude in Chinese History	p. 425
In Depth: The Eclipse of the Nomadic War Machine	p. 428
Global Connections: The Mongol Linkages	p. 431
Further Readings	p. 432
On the Web	p. 432
The West and the Changing Balance of World Power	p. 434
The Decline of the Old Order	p. 436
The Rise of the West	p. 438
Visualizing the Past: Population Trends	p. 439
Document: Italian Renaissance Culture	p. 441
Western Expansion: The Experimental Phase	p. 442
Outside the World Network	p. 445
In Depth: The Problem of Ethnocentrism	p. 446
Global Connections: 1450 and the World	p. 447
Further Readings	p. 448
On the Web	p. 448
The Early Modern Period, 1450-1750: The World Shrinks	p. 452
The World Economy	p. 458
The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power	p. 460
In Depth: Causation and the West's Expansion	p. 464
Toward a World Economy	p. 465
Visualizing the Past: West Indian Slaveholding	p. 467
Colonial Expansion	p. 469
Document: Western Conquerors: Tactics and Motives	p. 470
Global Connections: The World Economy-And the World	p. 476
Further Readings	p. 476
On the Web	p. 477
The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750	p. 478
The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce, 1450-1650	p. 480
Science and Politics: The Next Phase of Change	p. 486
Visualizing the Past: Versailles	p. 488
In Depth: Elites and Masses	p. 491
The West by 1750	p. 491
Document: Controversies About Women	p. 493
Global Connections: Europe and the World	p. 496
Further Readings	p. 496
On the Web	p. 496
The Rise of Russia	p. 498
Russia's Expansionist Politics Under the Tsars	p. 500
Russia's First Westernization, 1690-1790	p. 502
Document: The Nature of Westernization	p. 507
Themes in Early Modern Russian History	p. 508
Visualizing the Past: Oppressed Peasants	p. 509
In Depth: Multinational Empires	p. 512
Global Connections: Russia and the World	p. 512
Further Readings	p. 512
On the Web	p. 513
Early Latin America	p. 514
Spaniards and Portuguese: From Reconquest to Conquest	p. 517
Document: A Vision from the Vanquished	p. 521
The Destruction and Transformation of American Indian Societies	p. 523
In Depth: The Great Exchange	p. 526
Colonial Economies and Governments	p. 526
Brazil: The First Plantation Colony	p. 531
Multiracial Societies	p. 533
Visualizing the Past: Race or Culture? A Changing Society	p. 534
The 18th-Century Reforms	p. 536
Global Connections: Latin American Civilization and the World Context	p. 539
Further Readings	p. 540
On the Web	p. 540
Africa and the Africans in the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade	p. 542
The Atlantic Slave Trade	p. 545
In Depth: Slavery and Human Society	p. 548
African Societies, Slavery, and the Slave Trade	p. 550
Visualizing the Past: Symbols of African Kingship	p. 555
White Settlers and Africans in Southern Africa	p. 556
The African Diaspora	p. 558
Document: An African's Description of the Middle Passage	p. 560
Global Connections: Africa and the African Diaspora in World Context	p. 563
Further Readings	p. 564
On the Web	p. 564
The Muslim Empires	p. 566
The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders	p. 569
Document: An Islamic Traveler Laments the Muslims' Indifference to Europe	p. 574
The Shi'a Challenge of the Safavids	p. 576
In Depth: The Gunpowder Empires and the Shifting Balance of Global Power	p. 578
The Mughals and the Apex of Muslim Civilization in India	p. 583
Visualizing the Past: The Basis of Imperial Power in the Rival Muslim Empires	p. 585
Global Connections: Gunpowder Empires and the Restoration of the Islamic Bridge Between Civilizations	p. 590
Further Readings	p. 590
On the Web	p. 591
Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change	p. 592
The Asian Trading World and the Coming of the Europeans	p. 594
Visualizing the Past: Intruders: The Pattern of Early European Expansion into Asia	p. 598
Ming China: A Global Mission Refused	p. 601
Document: Exam Questions as a Mirror of Chinese Values	p. 603
In Depth: Means and Motives for Overseas Expansion: Europe and China Compared	p. 606
Fending Off the West: Japan's Reunification and the First Challenge	p. 609
Global Connections: An Age of Eurasian Closure	p. 612
Further Readings	p. 613
On the Web	p. 613
The Dawn of the Industrial Age, 1750-1914	p. 616
The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West, 1750-1914	p. 622
The Age of Revolution	p. 623
Visualizing the Past: The French Revolution in Cartoons	p. 627
The Consolidation of the Industrial Order, 1850-1914	p. 631
Document: Women in the Industrial Revolution	p. 634
Cultural Transformations	p. 637
Western Settler Societies	p. 639
In Depth: The United States in World History	p. 642
Diplomatic Tensions and World War I	p. 644
Global Connections: Industrial Europe and the World	p. 645
Further Readings	p. 646
On the Web	p. 646
Industrialization and Imperialism: The Making of the European Global Order	p. 648
The Shift to Land Empires in Asia	p. 651
In Depth: Western Education and the Rise of an African and Asian Middle Class	p. 656
Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World, 1870-1914	p. 659
Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change	p. 662
Visualizing the Past: Capitalism and Colonialism	p. 663
Document: Contrary Images: The Colonizer Versus the Colonized on the "Civilizing Mission"	p. 665
Global Connections: A European-Dominated World Order	p. 670
Further Readings	p. 671
On the Web	p. 671
The Consolidation of Latin America, 1830-1920	p. 672
From Colonies to Nations	p. 674
New Nations Confront Old and New Problems	p. 678
Document: Confronting the Hispanic Heritage: From Independence to Consolidation	p. 680
Latin American Economies and World Markets, 1820-1870	p. 682
Societies in Search of Themselves	p. 689
In Depth: Explaining Underdevelopment	p. 692
Visualizing the Past Images of the Spanish-American War	p. 695
Global Connections: New Latin American Nations and the World	p. 697
Further Readings	p. 698
On the Web	p. 698
Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, the Islamic Heartlands, and Qing China	p. 700
From Empire to Nation: Ottoman Retreat and the Birth of Turkey	p. 703
In Depth: Western Dominance and the Decline of Civilizations	p. 706
Western Intrusions and the Crisis in the Arab Islamic Heartlands	p. 707
Visualizing the Past: Mapping the Decline of Civilizations	p. 712
The Last Dynasty: The Rise and Fall of the Qing Empire in China	p. 714
Document: Building a New China	p. 721
Global Connections: Muslim and Chinese Decline and a Shifting Global Balance	p. 721
Further Readings	p. 722
On the Web	p. 723
Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West	p. 724
Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance	p. 727
Document: Conditions for Factory Workers in Russia's Industrialization	p. 731
Protest and Revolution in Russia	p. 732
Japan: Transformation Without Revolution	p. 735
In Depth: The Separate Paths of Japan and China	p. 737
Visualizing the Past: Two Faces of Western Influence	p. 740
Global Connections: Russia and Japan in the World	p. 742
Further Readings	p. 743
On the Web	p. 743
The Newest Stage of World History: 1914-Present	p. 746
Descent into the Abyss: World War I and the Crisis of the European Global Order	p. 754
The Coming of the Great War	p. 757
A World at War	p. 759
Visualizing the Past: Trench Warfare	p. 764
Failed Peace	p. 765
The Nationalist Assault on the European Colonial Order	p. 767
Document: Lessons for the Colonized from the Slaughter in the Trenches	p. 768
In Depth: Women in Asian and African Nationalist Movements	p. 776
Global Connections: World War and Global Upheavals	p. 779
Further Readings	p. 779
On the Web	p. 780
The World Between the Wars: Revolutions, Depression, and Authoritarian Response	p. 782
The Roaring Twenties	p. 783
Revolution: The First Waves	p. 789
In Depth: A Century of Revolutions	p. 794
The Global Great Depression	p. 800
The Authoritarian Response	p. 803
Visualizing the Past: Guernica and the Images of War	p. 805
Document: Socialist Realism	p. 810
Global Connections: Economic Depression, Authoritarian Response, and Democratic Retreat	p. 813
Further Readings	p. 813
On the Web	p. 814
A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order	p. 816
Old and New Causes of a Second World War	p. 819
Unchecked Aggression and the Coming of War in Europe and the Pacific	p. 820
In Depth: Total War	p. 821
The Conduct of a Second Global War	p. 823
Document: Japan and the Loss of World War II	p. 828
War's End and the Emergence of the Superpower Standoff	p. 829
Nationalism and Decolonization	p. 831
Visualizing the Past: On National Leadership	p. 835
Global Connections: Persisting Trends in a World Transformed by War	p. 839
Further Readings	p. 839
On the Web	p. 840
Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War	p. 842
After World War II: A New International Setting for the West	p. 844
The Resurgence of Western Europe	p. 847
In Depth: The United States and Western Europe: Convergence and Complexity	p. 852
Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand	p. 853
Culture and Society in the West	p. 855
Visualizing the Past: Women at Work in France and the United States	p. 857
Eastern Europe After World War II: A Soviet Empire	p. 860
Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions	p. 863
Document: 1986: A New Wave of Soviet Reform	p. 868
Global Connections: The Cold War and the World	p. 869
Further Readings	p. 870
On the Web	p. 870
Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21st Century	p. 872
Latin America After World War II	p. 875
Radical Options in the 1950s	p. 877
Visualizing the Past: Murals and Posters: Art and Revolution	p. 878
The Search for Reform and the Military Option	p. 881
Document: The People Speak	p. 882
In Depth: Human Rights in the 20th Century	p. 886
Societies in Search of Change	p. 888
Global Connections: Struggling Toward the Future in a Global Economy	p. 891
Further Readings	p. 892
On the Web	p. 892
Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the Era of Independence	p. 894
The Challenges of Independence	p. 896
Document: Cultural Creativity in the Emerging Nations: Some Literary Samples	p. 903
In Depth: Artificial Nations and the Rising Tide of Communal Strife	p. 904
Paths to Economic Growth and Social Justice	p. 906
Visualizing the Past: Globalization and Postcolonial Societies	p. 917
Global Connections: Postcolonial Nations in the Cold War World Order	p. 917
Further Readings	p. 918
On the Web	p. 918
Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim	p. 920
East Asia in the Postwar Settlements	p. 922
Japan, Incorporated	p. 925
The Pacific Rim: New Japans?	p. 929
Visualizing the Past: Pacific Rim Growth	p. 931
In Depth: The Pacific Rim as a U.S. Policy Issue	p. 932
Mao's China and Beyond	p. 933
Document: Women in the Revolutionary Struggle	p. 938
Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam	p. 940
Global Connections: East Asia and the Pacific Rim in the Contemporary World	p. 945
Further Readings	p. 946
On the Web	p. 946
The End of the Cold War and the Shape of a New Era: World History 1990-2006	p. 948
The End of the Cold War	p. 949
Visualizing the Past: Symbolism in the Breakdown of the Soviet Bloc	p. 955
The Spread of Democracy	p. 957
Document: Democratic Protest and Repression in China	p. 958
The Great Powers and New Disputes	p. 960
The United States as Sole Superpower	p. 963
In Depth: Terrorism, Then and Now	p. 964
Global Connections: New Global Standards, New Divisions	p. 967
Further Readings	p. 967
On the Web	p. 968
Globalization and Resistance	p. 970
Globalization: Causes and Processes	p. 971
Document: Protests Against Globalization	p. 976
Resistance and Alternatives	p. 978
In Depth: How Much Historical Change?	p. 980
The Global Environment	p. 981
Visualizing the Past: Two Faces of Globalization	p. 984
Toward the Future	p. 985
Global Connections: Civilizations and Global Forces	p. 986
Further Readings	p. 986
On the Web	p. 987
Document Analysis Questions	p. D-1
Glossary	p. G-1
Credits	p. C-1
Index	p. I-1
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