World History

by Duiker, William J.

• ISBN13: 9780495050124
• ISBN10: 0495050121
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-13
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Noted teachers and scholars William J. Duiker and Jackson J. Spielvogel present a balanced, highly readable overview of world history that explores common challenges and experiences that unite the human past and that identify key global patterns over time. Thorough coverage of political, economic, social, religious, intellectual, cultural, and military history has been integrated into a chronologically ordered synthesis to help students gain an appreciation and understanding of the distinctive character and development of individual cultures in society. This edition of WORLD HISTORY continues to take a global approach to world history, with an emphasis on analytical comparisons between and among cultures throughout history. This approach helps students' link events together in a broad comparative and global framework, thereby placing the contemporary world in a more meaningful historical context. WORLD HISTORY is available in the following volume options: WORLD HISTORY, FIFTH EDITION (Chapters 1-29) ISBN: 0495050121; WORLD HISTORY, VOLUME I: TO 1800, FIFTH EDITION (Contains Chapters 1-17) ISBN: 0495050539; WORLD HISTORY, VOLUME II: SINCE 1500, FIFTH EDITION (Contains Chapters 13-29) ISBN: 0495050547; WORLD HISTORY TO 1500, FIFTH EDITION (Contains Chapters 1-12) ISBN: 0495050601.

Table of Contents

Maps	xvi
Chronologies	xviii
Documents	xix
Preface	xxi
Acknowledgments	xxvii
A Note to Students on Language and the Dating of Time	xxx
Themes for Understanding World History	xxxi
Part I The First Civilizations and the Rise of Empires (prehistory to 500 C.E.)	1	(159)
The First Civilizations: The Peoples of Western Asia and Egypt	2	(35)
The First Humans	3	(5)
The Emergence of Homo sapiens	3	(1)
The Hunter-Gatherers of the Paleolithic Age	3	(2)
The Neolithic Revolution, c. 10,000--4,000 B.C.E	5	(3)
The Emergence of Civilization	8	(1)
Early Civilizations Around the World	9	(1)
Causes of Civilization	9	(1)
Civilization in Mesopotamia	9	(7)
The City-States of Ancient Mesopotamia	10	(1)
Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia	11	(3)
The Culture of Mesopotamia	14	(2)
Egyptian Civilization: ``The Gift of the Nile''	16	(7)
The Impact of Geography	17	(1)
The Old and Middle Kingdoms	18	(1)
Society and Economy in Ancient Egypt	19	(1)
The Culture of Egypt	20	(1)
Chaos and a New Order: The New Kingdom	21	(1)
Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: Family and Marriage	22	(1)
New Centers of Civilization	23	(5)
The Impact of the Indo-Europeans	24	(1)
The Phoenicians	24	(1)
The Hebrews: The ``Children of Israel''	25	(3)
The Rise of New Empires	28	(9)
The Assyrian Empire	29	(2)
The Persian Empire	31	(2)
Conclusion	33	(1)
Chapter Notes	34	(1)
Suggested Reading	34	(3)
Ancient India	37	(27)
The Emergence of Civilization in India: Harappan Society	38	(4)
A Land of Diversity	38	(1)
Harappan Civilization: A Fascinating Enigma	38	(4)
A Lost Civilization?	42	(1)
The Arrival of the Aryans	42	(7)
The Early Aryans	42	(1)
The Mauryan Empire	43	(2)
Caste and Class: Social Structures in Ancient India	45	(2)
Daily Life in Ancient India	47	(1)
The Economy	48	(1)
Escaping the Wheel of Life: The Religious World of Ancient India	49	(7)
Hinduism	49	(3)
Buddhism: The Middle Path	52	(4)
The Rule of the Fishes: India After the Mauryas	56	(1)
The Exuberant World of Indian Culture	57	(7)
Literature	57	(1)
Architecture and Sculpture	58	(3)
Science	61	(1)
Conclusion	61	(1)
Chapter Notes	62	(1)
Suggested Reading	62	(2)
China in Antiquity	64	(31)
The Dawn of Chinese Civilization	65	(5)
The Land and People of China	65	(2)
The Shang Dynasty	67	(3)
The Zhou Dynasty	70	(7)
Political Structures	70	(2)
Economy and Society	72	(1)
The Hundred Schools of Ancient Philosophy	73	(4)
The Rise of the Chinese Empire: The Qin and the Han	77	(7)
The Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.E)	78	(3)
The Glorious Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E--221 C.E)	81	(3)
Daily Life in Ancient China	84	(3)
The Role of the Family	85	(1)
Lifestyles	86	(1)
Cities	87	(1)
The Humble Estate: Women in Ancient China	87	(1)
Chinese Culture	87	(8)
Metalwork and Sculpture	87	(2)
Language and Literature	89	(2)
Music	91	(1)
Conclusion	92	(1)
Chapter Notes	93	(1)
Suggested Reading	94	(1)
The Civilization of the Greeks	95	(31)
Early Greece	96	(4)
Minoan Crete	96	(1)
The First Greek State: Mycenae	97	(1)
The Greeks in a Dark Age (c. 1100-c. 750 B.C.E)	98	(2)
The Greek City-States (c.750--c. 500 B.C.E)	100	(5)
The Polis	100	(1)
Colonization and the Growth of Trade	101	(1)
Tyranny and the Greek Polis	102	(1)
Sparta	102	(2)
Athens	104	(1)
The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece	105	(9)
The Challenge of Persia	105	(1)
The Growth of an Athenian Empire in the Age of Pericles	106	(1)
The Great Peloponnesian War and the Decline of the Greek States	107	(1)
The Culture of Classical Greece	108	(4)
Greek Religion	112	(1)
Daily Life in Classical Athens	113	(1)
The Rise of Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander	114	(3)
Alexander the Great	114	(3)
The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms	117	(9)
Hellenistic Monarchies	117	(1)
Political Institutions	117	(1)
Hellenistic Cities	118	(1)
The Importance of Trade	118	(1)
Social Life: New Opportunities for Women	119	(1)
Culture in the Hellenistic World	119	(4)
Conclusion	123	(1)
Chapter Notes	123	(1)
Suggested Reading	124	(2)
The World of the Romans	126	(34)
Early Rome and the Republic	127	(9)
Early Rome	127	(1)
The Roman Republic	128	(3)
The Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264--133 B.C.E)	131	(2)
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133--31 B.C.E)	133	(3)
The Roman Empire at Its Height	136	(12)
The Age of Augustus (31 B.C.E--14 C.E)	136	(2)
The Early Empire (14--180)	138	(2)
Culture and Society in the Roman World	140	(8)
Crisis and the Late Empire	148	(2)
Crises in the Third Century	148	(1)
The Late Roman Empire	149	(1)
Transformation of the Roman World: The Development of Christianity	150	(4)
The Religious World of the Romans	150	(1)
The Jewish Background	150	(1)
The Rise of Christianity	151	(3)
The Triumph of Christianity	154	(1)
Comparison of the Roman and Han Empires	154	(6)
Conclusion	156	(1)
Chapter Notes	156	(1)
Suggested Reading	157	(3)
Part II New Patterns of Civilization	160	(200)
The Americas	162	(25)
The Peopling of the Americas	163	(1)
The First Americans	163	(1)
Early Civilizations in Central America	163	(13)
Teotihuacan: America's First Metropolis	165	(1)
The Maya	166	(5)
The Aztecs	171	(5)
The First Civilizations in South America	176	(6)
Chavin de Huantar	177	(1)
Moche	177	(1)
The Inka	178	(4)
Stateless Societies in the New World	182	(5)
The Eastern Woodlands	182	(1)
Cahokia	182	(1)
The ``Ancient Ones'': The Anasazi	183	(1)
South America: The Arawak	184	(1)
Conclusion	184	(1)
Chapter Notes	185	(1)
Suggested Reading	185	(2)
Islam and Byzantium	187	(29)
The Rise of Islam	188	(3)
The Role of Muhammad	188	(1)
The Teachings of Muhammad	189	(2)
The Arab Empire and Its Successors	191	(6)
Creation of an Empire	191	(1)
The Rise of the Ummayads	192	(1)
The Abbasids	193	(2)
The Seljuk Turks	195	(1)
The Crusades	196	(1)
The Mongols	197	(1)
Islamic Civilization	197	(10)
The Wealth of Araby: Trade and Cities in the Middle East	197	(2)
Islamic Society	199	(1)
The Culture of Islam	200	(7)
The Byzantine Empire	207	(9)
The Reign of Justinian (527--565)	207	(3)
From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire	210	(1)
The Zenith of Byzantine Civilization	211	(1)
New Challenges to the Byzantine Empire	212	(1)
Impact of the Crusades	213	(1)
Conclusion	213	(1)
Chapter Notes	214	(1)
Suggested Reading	214	(2)
Early Civilizations in Africa	216	(25)
The Emergence of Civilization	217	(6)
The Land	217	(1)
Kush	217	(1)
Axum, Son of Saba	218	(1)
The Sahara and Its Environs	219	(3)
East Africa	222	(1)
The Coming of Islam	223	(7)
African Religious Beliefs Before Islam	224	(1)
The Arabs in North Africa	224	(1)
The Kingdom of Ethiopia: A Christian Island in a Muslim Sea	225	(1)
East Africa: The Land of Zanj	225	(1)
The States of West Africa	226	(4)
States and Stateless Societies in Central and Southern Africa	230	(1)
The Congo River Valley	230	(1)
Zimbabwe	230	(1)
Southern Africa	230	(1)
African Society	231	(3)
Urban Life	231	(1)
Village Life	232	(1)
The Role of Women	232	(1)
Slavery	233	(1)
African Culture	234	(7)
Painting and Sculpture	234	(1)
Music	235	(1)
Architecture	235	(1)
Literature	236	(3)
Conclusion	239	(1)
Chapter Notes	240	(1)
Suggested Reading	240	(1)
The Expansion of Civilization in Southern Asia	241	(28)
The Silk Road	242	(2)
India After the Mauryas	244	(3)
The Gupta Dynasty: A New Golden Age?	244	(1)
The Transformation of Buddhism	244	(3)
The Decline of Buddhism in India	247	(1)
The Arrival of Islam	247	(3)
The Arrival of Mahmud of Ghazni	247	(1)
The Delhi Sultanate	248	(1)
Tamerlane	249	(1)
Society and Culture	250	(8)
Religion	250	(3)
Economy and Daily Life	253	(1)
The Wonder of Indian Culture	254	(4)
The Golden Region: Early Southeast Asia	258	(11)
Paddy Fields and Spices: The States of Southeast Asia	259	(3)
Daily Life	262	(2)
World of the Spirits: Religious Belief	264	(2)
Conclusion	266	(2)
Chapter Notes	268	(1)
Suggested Reading	268	(1)
The Flowering of Traditional China	269	(29)
China After the Han	270	(1)
China Reunified: The Sui, the Tang, and the Song	271	(12)
The Sui Dynasty	271	(1)
The Tang Dynasty	272	(2)
The Song Dynasty	274	(1)
Political Structures: The Triumph of Confucianism	274	(3)
The Economy	277	(5)
Society in Traditional China	282	(1)
Explosion in Central Asia: The Mongol Empire	283	(3)
The Creation of the Mongol Empire	283	(1)
Mongol Rule in China	283	(2)
From the Yuan to the Ming	285	(1)
The Ming Dynasty	286	(1)
The Voyage of Zhenghe	286	(1)
An Inward Turn	286	(1)
In Search of the Way	287	(4)
The Rise and Decline of Buddhism and Daoism	287	(2)
Neo-Confucianism: The Investigation of Things	289	(2)
The Apogee of Chinese Culture	291	(7)
Literature	291	(2)
Art	293	(3)
Conclusion	296	(1)
Chapter Notes	297	(1)
Suggested Reading	297	(1)
The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam	298	(25)
Japan: Land of the Rising Sun	299	(15)
A Gift from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan	300	(1)
The Rise of the Japanese State	301	(4)
Economic and Social Structures	305	(4)
In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early Japan	309	(1)
Sources of Traditional Japanese Culture	310	(4)
Japan and the Chinese Model	314	(1)
Korea: Bridge to the East	314	(3)
The Three Kingdoms	315	(1)
The Rise of the Koryo Dynasty	316	(1)
Under the Mongols	316	(1)
Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon	317	(6)
The Rise of Great Viet	317	(3)
Society and Family Life	320	(1)
Conclusion	320	(1)
Chapter Notes	321	(1)
Suggested Reading	321	(2)
The Making of Europe	323	(37)
The Emergence of Europe in the Early Middle Ages	324	(7)
The New Germanic Kingdoms	324	(1)
The Role of the Christian Church	324	(2)
Charlemagne and the Carolingians	326	(1)
The World of Lords and Vassals	326	(5)
Europe in the High Middle Ages	331	(12)
Land and People	331	(1)
The New World of Trade and Cities	332	(3)
Evolution of the European Kingdoms	335	(4)
Christianity and Medieval Civilization	339	(2)
The Culture of the High Middle Ages	341	(2)
Medieval Europe and the World	343	(2)
The First Crusades	344	(1)
The Later Crusades	344	(1)
The Crises of the Late Middle Ages	345	(6)
The Black Death	345	(2)
Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval	347	(1)
Political Instability	348	(1)
The Decline of the Church	349	(2)
Recovery: The Renaissance	351	(9)
The Intellectual Renaissance	351	(1)
The Artistic Renaissance	351	(2)
The State in the Renaissance	353	(2)
Conclusion	355	(1)
Chapter Notes	356	(1)
Suggested Reading	356	(4)
Part III The Emergence of New World Patterns (1500--1800)	360	(150)
New Encounters: The Creation of a World Market	362	(30)
An Age of Exploration and Expansion	363	(3)
Islam and the Spice Trade	363	(1)
A New Player: Europe	363	(3)
The Portuguese Maritime Empire	366	(3)
The Portuguese in India	366	(2)
The Search for Spices	368	(1)
Spanish Conquests in the ``New World''	369	(2)
The Voyages	369	(1)
The Conquests	370	(1)
Governing the Spanish Empire	370	(1)
The Impact of European Expansion	371	(6)
New Rivals	374	(3)
Africa in Transition	377	(6)
The Portuguese in Africa	377	(1)
The Dutch in South Africa	378	(1)
The Kingdom of Songhai	378	(1)
The Slave Trade	378	(5)
Political and Social Structures in a Changing Continent	383	(1)
Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade	383	(9)
The Arrival of the West	384	(1)
State and Society in Precolonial Southeast Asia	385	(4)
Conclusion	389	(1)
Chapter Notes	390	(1)
Suggested Reading	391	(1)
Europe Transformed: Reform and State Building	392	(27)
The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century	393	(9)
Background of the Reformation	394
Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany	295	(102)
The Spread of the Protestant Reformation	397	(2)
The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation	399
The Catholic Reformation	349	(53)
Europe in Crisis, 1560--1650	402	(5)
Politics and the Wars of Religion in the Sixteenth Century	402	(2)
Economic and Social Crises	404	(2)
Seventeenth-Century Crises: Revolution and War	406	(1)
Response to Crises: The Practice of Absolutism	407	(5)
France Under Louis XIV	408	(2)
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe	410	(2)
England and Limited Monarchy	412	(1)
Conflict Between King and Parliament	412	(1)
Civil War and Commonwealth	412	(1)
Restoration and a Glorious Revolution	412	(1)
The Flourishing of European Culture	413	(6)
Art: The Baroque	413	(2)
Art: Dutch Realism	415	(1)
A Golden Age of Literature in England	415	(2)
Conclusion	417	(1)
Chapter Notes	418	(1)
Suggested Reading	418	(1)
The Muslim Empires	419	(29)
The Ottoman Empire	420	(10)
The Rise of the Ottoman Turks	420	(1)
Expansion of the Empire	421	(4)
The Nature of Turkish Rule	425	(2)
Religion and Society in the Ottoman World	427	(1)
The Ottomans in Decline	428	(1)
Ottoman Art	428	(2)
The Safavids	430	(4)
The Rise of the Safavids	430	(1)
Decline of the Dynasty	430	(1)
Safavid Politics and Society	431	(2)
Safavid Art and Literature	433	(1)
The Grandeur of the Mughals	434	(14)
The Mughal Dynasty: A ``Gunpowder Empire''?	434	(1)
Akbar and Indo-Muslim Civilization	435	(2)
Twilight of the Mughals	437	(2)
The Impact of Western Power in India	439	(2)
Society Under the Mughals	441	(1)
Mughal Culture	442	(3)
Conclusion	445	(1)
Chapter Notes	445	(1)
Suggested Reading	445	(3)
The East Asian World	448	(28)
China at Its Apex	449	(7)
From the Ming to the Qing	449	(2)
The Greatness of the Qing	451	(5)
Changing China	456	(6)
The Population Explosion	456	(2)
Seeds of Industrialization	458	(1)
Daily Life in Qing China	459	(2)
Cultural Developments	461	(1)
Tokugawa Japan	462	(10)
The Three Great Unifiers	462	(1)
Opening to the West	463	(3)
The Tokugawa ``Great Peace''	466	(2)
Life in the Village	468	(1)
Tokugawa Culture	469	(3)
Korea: The Hermit Kingdom	472	(4)
Conclusion	473	(1)
Chapter Notes	474	(1)
Suggested Reading	474	(2)
The West on the Eve of a New World Order	476	(34)
Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: An Intellectual Revolution in the West	477	(9)
The Scientific Revolution	477	(2)
Background to the Enlightenment	479	(1)
The Philosophes and Their Ideas	480	(4)
Culture in an Enlightened Age	484	(2)
Economic Changes and the Social Order	486	(2)
New Economic Patterns	486	(1)
European Society in the Eighteenth Century	486	(2)
Colonial Empires and Revolution in the Western Hemisphere	488	(4)
The Society of Latin America	488	(2)
British North America	490	(2)
Toward a New Political Order and Global Conflict	492	(3)
Prussia: The Army and the Bureaucracy	492	(1)
The Austrian Empire of the Habsburgs	492	(1)
Russia Under Catherine the Great	492	(1)
Enlightened Absolutism Reconsidered	493	(1)
Changing Patterns of War: Global Confrontation	494	(1)
The French Revolution	495	(6)
Background to the French Revolution	495	(1)
From Estates-General to National Assembly	496	(1)
Destruction of the Old Regime	496	(1)
The Radical Revolution	497	(4)
Reaction and the Directory	501	(1)
The Age of Napoleon	501	(9)
Domestic Policies	501	(1)
Napoleon's Empire	502	(3)
Conclusion	505	(1)
Chapter Notes	505	(1)
Suggested Reading	505	(5)
Part IV Modern Patterns of World History (1800--1945)	510	(210)
The Beginnings of Modernization: Industrialization and Nationalism, 1800--1870	512	(29)
The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact	513	(9)
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain	513	(2)
The Spread of Industrialization	515	(2)
Limiting the Spread of Industrialization to the Rest of the World	517	(1)
Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution	518	(4)
Reaction and Revolution: The Growth of Nationalism	522	(8)
Forces for Change	523	(1)
The Revolutions of 1848	523	(2)
Independence and the Development of the National State in Latin America	525	(3)
Nationalism in the Balkans: The Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Question	528	(2)
National Unification and the National State, 1848--1871	530	(5)
The Unification of Italy	530	(1)
The Unification of Germany	530	(2)
Nationalism and Reform: The European National State at Mid-Century	532	(2)
The Growth of the United States	534	(1)
The Emergence of a Canadian Nation	535	(1)
Cultural Life: Romanticism and Realism in the Western World	535	(6)
The Characteristics of Romanticism	535	(1)
A New Age of Science	536	(1)
Realism in Literature and Art	537	(2)
Conclusion	539	(1)
Chapter Notes	539	(1)
Suggested Reading	539	(2)
The Emergence of Mass Society in the Western World	541	(30)
The Growth of Industrial Prosperity	542	(5)
New Products	542	(1)
New Patterns	543	(1)
Toward a World Economy	544	(1)
The Spread of Industrialization	544	(1)
Women and Work: New Job Opportunities	544	(1)
Organizing the Working Classes	544	(3)
The Emergence of Mass Society	547	(7)
The New Urban Environment	547	(2)
The Social Structure of Mass Society	549	(1)
The Experiences of Women	550	(1)
Education in an Age of Mass Society	551	(2)
Leisure in an Age of Mass Society	553	(1)
The National State	554	(7)
Tradition and Change in Latin America	554	(1)
Political Change in Latin America	554	(1)
The Rise of the United States	555	(1)
The Growth of Canada	556	(1)
The National State in Europe	557	(2)
International Rivalries and the Winds of War	559	(1)
The Ottoman Empire and Nationalism in the Balkans	560	(1)
Toward the Modern Consciousness: Intellectual and Cultural Developments	561	(10)
A New Physics	561	(1)
Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis	562	(1)
Social Darwinism and Racism	563	(3)
The Culture of Modernity	566	(2)
Conclusion	568	(1)
Chapter Notes	569	(1)
Suggested Reading	569	(2)
The High Tide of Imperialism	571	(28)
The Spread of Colonial Rule	572	(9)
The Motives	572	(1)
The Tactics	572	(1)
``Opportunity in the Orient'': The Colonial Takeover in Southeast Asia	573	(1)
Empire Building in Africa	574	(7)
The Colonial System	581	(11)
The Philosophy of Colonialism	581	(1)
India Under the British Raj	582	(2)
Colonial Regimes in Southeast Asia	584	(4)
Colonialism in Africa	588	(4)
The Emergence of Anticolonialism	592	(7)
Stirrings of Nationhood	592	(1)
Traditional Resistance: A Precursor to Nationalism	593	(3)
Conclusion	596	(2)
Chapter Notes	598	(1)
Suggested Reading	598	(1)
Shadows over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge	599	(27)
The Decline of the Manchus	600	(10)
Opium and Rebellion	600	(3)
Efforts at Reform	603	(1)
The Climax of Imperialism	604	(3)
Collapse of the Old Order	607	(3)
Chinese Society in Transition	610	(3)
Obstacles to Industrialization	610	(1)
The Impact of Imperialism	610	(2)
Daily Life	612	(1)
A Rich Country and a Strong State: The Rise of Modern Japan	613	(13)
An End to Isolation	613	(1)
The Meiji Restoration	614	(3)
Joining the Imperialist Club	617	(3)
Japanese Culture in Transition	620	(1)
The Meiji Restoration: A Revolution from Above	621	(3)
Conclusion	624	(1)
Chapter Notes	625	(1)
Suggested Reading	625	(1)
The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution	626	(30)
The Road to World War I	627	(3)
Nationalism and Internal Dissent	627	(1)
Militarism	627	(1)
The Outbreak of War: Summer 1914	627	(3)
The Great War	630	(8)
1914--1915: Illusions and Stalemate	630	(2)
1916--1917: The Great Slaughter	632	(2)
The Widening of the War	634	(2)
The Home Front: The Impact of Total War	636	(2)
War and Revolution	638	(8)
The Russian Revolution	638	(4)
The Last Year of the War	642	(1)
The Peace Settlement	643	(3)
The Futile Search for Stability	646	(4)
Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security	646	(1)
The Great Depression	646	(1)
The Democratic States	647	(2)
Socialism in Soviet Russia	649	(1)
In Pursuit of a New Reality: Cultural and Intellectual Trends	650	(6)
Nightmares and New Visions	651	(2)
Probing the Unconscious	653	(1)
Conclusion	653	(1)
Chapter Notes	654	(1)
Suggested Reading	654	(2)
Nationalism, Revolution, and Dictatorship: Africa, Asia, and Latin America from 1919 to 1939	656	(28)
The Rise of Nationalism	657	(10)
Modern Nationalism	657	(1)
Gandhi and the Indian National Congress	658	(2)
The Nationalist Revolt in the Middle East	660	(5)
Nationalism and Revolution in Asia and Africa	665	(2)
Revolution in China	667	(8)
Mr. Science and Mr. Democracy: The New Culture Movement	668	(1)
The Nationalist-Communist Alliance	669	(1)
The Nanjing Republic	670	(3)
``Down with Confucius and Sons'': Economic, Social, and Cultural Change in Republican China	673	(2)
Japan Between the Wars	675	(2)
Experiment in Democracy	675	(1)
A Zaibatsu Economy	676	(1)
Shidehara Diplomacy	677	(1)
Nationalism and Dictatorship in Latin America	677	(7)
The Economy and the United States	678	(1)
The Move to Authoritarianism	679	(1)
Latin American Culture	680	(1)
Conclusion	681	(1)
Chapter Notes	682	(1)
Suggested Reading	683	(1)
The Crisis Deepens: World War II	684	(36)
Retreat from Democracy: Dictatorial Regimes	685	(6)
The Birth of Fascism	685	(1)
Hitler and Nazi Germany	686	(4)
The Stalinist Era in the Soviet Union	690	(1)
The Rise of Militarism in Japan	691	(1)
The Path to War	691	(5)
The Path to War in Europe	692	(2)
The Path to War in Asia	694	(2)
World War II	696	(6)
Europe at War	696	(2)
Japan at War	698	(1)
The Turning Point of the War, 1942--1943	698	(3)
The Last Years of the War	701	(1)
The New Order	702	(5)
The New Order in Europe	702	(2)
The Holocaust	704	(1)
The New Order in Asia	705	(2)
The Home Front	707	(5)
Mobilizing the People	708	(1)
The Bombing of Cities	708	(4)
Aftermath: Toward the Cold War	712	(8)
The Yalta Conference	712	(1)
The Potsdam Conference	713	(1)
Conclusion	714	(2)
Chapter Notes	716	(1)
Suggested Reading	716	(4)
Part V Toward a Global Civilization? The World Since 1945	720	(167)
In the Grip of the Cold War: The Breakdown of the Yalta System	722	(28)
The Collapse of the Grand Alliance	723	(5)
Soviet Domination of Eastern Europe	723	(1)
Descent of the Iron Curtain	723	(1)
The Truman Doctrine	724	(1)
The Marshall Plan	724	(1)
Europe Divided	725	(3)
Cold War in Asia	728	(5)
The Chinese Civil War	728	(2)
The New China	730	(1)
The Korean War	731	(1)
Conflict in Indochina	732	(1)
From Confrontation to Coexistence	733	(9)
Ferment in Eastern Europe	733	(2)
Rivalry in the Third World	735	(2)
The Sino-Soviet Dispute	737	(1)
The Second Indochina War	738	(4)
An Era of Equivalence	742	(8)
The Brezhnev Doctrine	743	(1)
An Era of Detente	744	(1)
Renewed Tensions in the Third World	745	(1)
Countering the Evil Empire	745	(2)
Conclusion	747	(1)
Chapter Notes	747	(1)
Suggested Reading	748	(2)
Brave New World: Communism on Trial	750	(33)
The Postwar Soviet Union	751	(8)
From Stalin to Khrushchev	751	(2)
The Brezhnev Years (1964--1982)	753	(4)
Cultural Expression in the Soviet Bloc	757	(1)
Social Changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe	758	(1)
The Disintegration of the Soviet Empire	759	(6)
The Gorbachev Era	760	(2)
The New Russia: From Empire to Nation	762	(2)
Eastern Europe: From Satellites to Sovereign Nations	764	(1)
The East Is Red: China Under Communism	765	(8)
New Democracy	765	(1)
The Transition to Socialism	766	(1)
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution	767	(1)
From Mao to Deng	768	(1)
Incident at Tiananmen Square	769	(2)
From Marx to Confucius?	771	(2)
``Serve the People'': Chinese Society Under Communism	773	(10)
Economics in Command	773	(3)
Social Problems	776	(1)
China's Changing Culture	777	(3)
Conclusion	780	(1)
Chapter Notes	780	(1)
Suggested Reading	780	(3)
Europe and the Western Hemisphere Since 1945	783	(32)
Recovery and Renewal in Europe	784	(5)
Western Europe: The Triumph of Democracy	784	(2)
Eastern Europe After Communism	786	(3)
The Unification of Europe	789	(1)
Emergence of the Superpower: The United States	789	(4)
American Politics and Society Through the Vietnam Era	790	(1)
The Shift Rightward After 1973	791	(2)
The Development of Canada	793	(1)
Latin America Since 1945	794	(6)
The Threat of Marxist Revolutions	795	(2)
Nationalism and the Military: The Examples of Argentina and Brazil	797	(2)
The Mexican Way	799	(1)
Society and Culture in the Western World	800	(15)
The Emergence of a New Society	800	(1)
The Permissive Society	801	(1)
Women in the Postwar Western World	801	(4)
The Growth of Terrorism	805	(1)
Guest Workers and Immigrants	806	(1)
The Environment and the Green Movements	807	(1)
Western Culture Since 1945	807	(1)
Trends in Art	808	(1)
The World of Science and Technology	809	(1)
Varieties of Religious Life	810	(2)
The Explosion of Popular Culture	812	(1)
Conclusion	812	(1)
Chapter Notes	812	(1)
Suggested Reading	813	(2)
Challenges of Nation-Building in Africa and the Middle East	815	(36)
Uhuru: The Struggle for Independence in Africa	816	(2)
The Colonial Legacy	816	(1)
The Rise of Nationalism	817	(1)
The Era of Independence	818	(8)
Pan-Africanism and Nationalism: The Destiny of Africa	818	(1)
Dream and Reality: Political and Economic Conditions in Independent Africa	819	(1)
The Search for Solutions	819	(7)
Continuity and Change in Modern African Societies	826	(5)
Education	826	(1)
Rural Life	827	(1)
African Women	827	(2)
African Culture	829	(2)
Gathered at the Beach	831	(1)
Crescent of Conflict	831	(9)
The Question of Palestine	832	(1)
Nasser and Pan-Arabism	833	(1)
The Arab-Israeli Dispute	834	(3)
Revolution in Iran	837	(1)
Crisis in the Gulf	838	(1)
Conflict in Afghanistan and Iraq	839	(1)
Society and Culture in the Contemporary Middle East	840	(11)
Varieties of Government	840	(1)
The Economics of Oil	840	(2)
The Islamic Revival	842	(3)
The Role of Women	845	(1)
Literature and Art	846	(2)
Conclusion	848	(1)
Chapter Notes	848	(1)
Suggested Reading	849	(2)
Toward the Pacific Century?	851	(36)
South Asia	852	(9)
The End of the British Raj	852	(1)
Independent India	852	(3)
The Land of the Pure: Pakistan Since Independence	855	(1)
Poverty and Pluralism in South Asia	856	(3)
South Asian Art and Literature Since Independence	859	(2)
Gandhi's Vision	861	(1)
Southeast Asia	861	(7)
The Era of Independent States	861	(4)
Regional Conflict and Cooperation: The Rise of ASEAN	865	(1)
Daily Life: Town and Country in Contemporary Southeast Asia	866	(1)
Cultural Trends	867	(1)
A Region in Flux	867	(1)
East Asia	868	(19)
The Japanese Miracle: The Transformation of Modern Japan	868	(6)
The Little Tigers	874	(4)
On the Margins of Asia: Postwar Australia and New Zealand	878	(1)
Explaining the East Asian Miracle	879	(1)
Conclusion	880	(1)
Chapter Notes	881	(1)
Suggested Reading	881	(6)
Glossary	887	(12)
Pronunciation Guide	899	(11)
Credits	910	(13)
Index	923