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Peter N. Stearns is Provost and Professor of History at George Mason University. He has taught previously at Harvard, the University of Chicago, Rutgers, and Carnegie Mellon; he was educated at Harvard University. He has published widely in modern social history, including the history of emotions, and in world history. Representative works in world history include World History: A Survey, The Industrial Revolution in World History, Gender in World History, Consumerism in
World History, and Growing Up: The History of Childhood in Global Context. His publications in social history include Old Age in Preindustrial Society, Anxious Parents: A History of Modern American Childrearing, American Cool: Developing the Twentieth-Century Emotional Style, Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in Western Society, American Fear: The Causes and Consequences of High Anxiety, Revolutions in Sorrow: A History of American Experiences and Policies Toward Death in Global Context, From Alienation to Addiction: Modern American Work in Global Historical Perspective, and Educating Global Citizens in Colleges and Universities: Challenges and Opportunities. While under Dr. Stearns’s leadership, George Mason University was awarded the 2006 Andrew Heiskell Award for Innovation in International Education. He has also edited encyclopedias of world and social history, and since 1967 has served as editor-in-chief of The Journal of Social History.
In most of his research and writing, Dr. Stearns pursues three main goals. As a social historian he is eager to explore aspects of the human experience that are not generally thought of in historical terms, and with attention to ordinary people as well as elites. Second, he seeks to use an understanding of historical change and continuity to explore patterns of behavior and social issues. Finally he is concerned with connecting new historical research with wider audiences, including of course classrooms. Dr. Stearns is also eager to promote comparative analysis and the assessment of modern global forces—for their own sake and as they illuminate the American experience and impact.
Part IV A New World Economy, 1450–1750
Chapter 16 The West and the World: Discovery, Colonization, and Trade
Patterns of Exploration and Trade
History Debate: Early Modern Stereotypes
Toward a World Economy
Africa
World Profiles: Olandah Equiano
Colonization in Latin America: The Birth of a New Civilization
Latin American Civilization
World Profiles: Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1651–1695)
Western Civilization in North America
North and South America: Reasons for the Differences
The World Economy Revisited
Paths to the Present
Chapter 17 Western Civilization Changes Shape in the Early Modern Centuries
Patterns of Early Modern Western History
World Profiles: Maria Portinari
Political Institutions and Ideas
The Ferment in Western Culture
Transformations in Economic and Social Life
Solving Problems: Dealing with the Asia Advantage
How Early Modern Trends in the West Interrelated
Paths to the Present
Chapter 18 The Rise of Russia
Patterns of Early Modern Russian History
World Profiles: Catherine the Great (1762–1796)
History Debate: A Russian Civilization?
Russian Political Institutions
Russian Culture
Economy and Society in Russia
The World’s First Effort at Westernization
Paths to the Present
Chapter 19 The Ottoman and Mughal Empires
The Expanding Force of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire in Decline
History Debate: Guns and Their Impact
The Safavid Challenge
The Mughal Empire: Invasion, Consolidation, and Decline
Western Intrusion into the Mughal Empire
The Rise and Decline of Asian Empires
Paths to the Present
Chapter 20 East Asia : Vital Trends in Politics and Trade
China: The Resumption of the Dynasties
Solving Problems: Trying to Manage Food Supplies
Cultural and Social Trends: New Problems
History Debate: Chinese and Western Economies
Japan and the Origins of Isolation
World Profiles: Toyotomi Hideyoshi (r. 1536–1548)
Vitality and Tension in East Asia
Paths to the Present
Part IV Retrospective A New World Economy, 1450–1750
Part V The World’s First Industrial Period, 1750–1914
Chapter 21 The First Industrial Revolution: Western Society, 1780–1914
Patterns of Industrialization
Causes of Industrialization
History Debate: Consumerism and Industrialization
Effects of Industrialization
The Period of Revolution, 1789–1848
The Postrevolutionary Era and Nationalism, 1848–1871
“The Social Question,” 1871–1914
Western Political Institutions in the Industrial Revolution
World Profiles: Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797)
Western Culture in the Industrial Century
Industrial Society
History Debate: Women in Industrial Society
Gain and Strain from Industrialization
Paths to the Present
Chapter 22 World Economy and Western Imperialism: Africa and South Asia
The Reasons for Imperialism: Motives and Means
History Debate: Causes of the Abolition of Slavery
Imperialism in India and Southeast Asia
Solving Problems: Railroads
Imperialism in Africa
World Profiles: John Mensah Sarbah (1865–1910)
Comparing Colonies
Paths to the Present
Chapter 23 The Settler Societies: The West on Frontiers
The United States
History Debate: Exceptionalism
Hawaii
The Newer Settler Societies
World Profiles: Hongi Hika
Special Features of Settler Societies
Paths to the Present
Chapter 24 The Development of Latin American Civilization
The Wars of Independence
World Profiles: Simón Bolívar (1783–1830)
The Period of Consolidation
Late-Century Trends: Dictatorship, Immigration, and Western Intervention
World Profiles: Benito Juárez (1806–1872)
Political Institutions and Values
History Debate: Is Latin America Western?
Culture and the Arts
Economy and Society
Tension and Creativity
Paths to the Present
Chapter 25 The Middle East and China in the Imperialist Century
The Attempt to Modernize Egypt
Decline of the Ottoman Empire
The Rise of Nationalism
World Profiles: Lalla Zainab
China Faces Imperialism
History Debate: China ’s 19th-Century Sluggishness
The Need for Further Change
Paths to the Present
Chapter 26 Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Russian Conservatism: An Alternative to the West
The Beginnings of Russian Industrialization
The Foundations of Revolution in Russia
The Culture of Eastern Europe
History Debate: The Preconditions for Revolution
The Opening of Trade in Japan
Japanese Industrialization in Response to the West
Solving Problems: Maintaining Identity
Cultural and Economic Effects of Japanese Industrialization
Japan as an International Player
The Strain of Modernization
Paths to the Present
Chapter 27 World War I and the End of an Era
Signs of Change
Causes of World War I
History Debate: Responsibility for World War I
World War I: Europe
World War I: The World
Solving Problems: Mobilizing for Total War
Paths to the Present
Part V Retrospective The World’s First Industrial Period, 1750–1914
Part VI The Contemporary World 1918 - Present
Chapter 28 The West in the Contemporary Period
Patterns of Western History: 1914–1945
Patterns of Western History: 1950 to the Present
Western Political Institutions in the 20th Century
History Debate: Convergence
Contemporary Western Culture
Economy and Society
World Profiles: Simone de Beauvoir
A Postindustrial Age?
Paths to the Present
Chapter 29 Eastern European Civilization
The Russian Revolution
History Debate: Women and the Russian Revolution
Patterns of Soviet History After 1923
Soviet Political Institutions
Soviet Culture
Solving Problems: Updating the Treatment of Children
Economy and Society
The Explosion of the 1980s
Dismantling the Soviet Empire
Renewed Turmoil After 1991
Tradition and Change in Eastern Europe
Russia and the West in Comparative Analysis
Paths to the Present
Chapter 30 East Asia in the 20th and Early 21st Centuries
A Clash of Cultures: Revolution and War
History Debate: Japan and Westernization
Return to Stability in Japan
Upheaval and Ongoing Revolution in China
East Asia Toward the End of the Century
World Profiles: Sun Zhongshan (1867–1925)
Japan, Incorporated
The Pacific Rim
China Under Communism
East Asia and the World
Paths to the Present
Chapter 31 India and Southeast Asia
The Rise of Nationalism
Gandhi’s Nonviolent Strategies
World Profiles: Mohandas Gandhi (1869–1948)
Nationalism in Southeast Asia
Decolonization After the War
Southeast Asia After Independence
India and Pakistan
History Debate: Women’s Conditions in India
India and China
Paths to the Present
Chapter 32 Middle-Eastern Civilization in the 20th Century
Replacing the Ottoman Empire
Assertions of Arab Nationalism
The New Role of the State
Solving Problems: Reviving Religion in Contemporary History
The Rise of Fundamentalism
Middle-Eastern Culture and Society
History Debate: Terrorism
New Tensions in the Early 2000s
A Troubled Region
Paths to the Present
Chapter 33 Latin America in the 20th Century
Latin America in 20th-Century World History
The Mexican Revolution, 1910–1920s
Effects of the Depression, 1930s–1950s
Revolution and Response, 1950s–1990s
Latin American Culture
Solving Problems: Adapting Consumer Values
Economy and Society
History Debate: Latin America and the Third World
Toward a Greater World Role?
Paths to the Present
Chapter 34 Sub-Saharan Africa: From Colonies to New Nations
Emerging Nationalism
The Transformation to Independence
The Challenges of New Nationhood
African Politics
African Culture
History Debate: The Question of Identity
Economy and Society
Defining the New Africa
Paths to the Present
Chapter 35 The Early 21st Century: World History and the Future
After the Cold War
The Spread of Democracy
History Debate: 20th and 21st Centuries: Change or Continuity
A World of Regions: Alliances and Disputes
Ethnic Conflict
Globalization
The New Technology
Business Organization and Investment
Migration
Cultural Globalization
Institutions of Globalization
Protest and Economic Uncertainties
Nationalism and Religious Currents
Global Terrorism
Global Warming and a Planet in Peril
Disease
Projecting from Trends
Paths to the Present
Part VI Retrospective The Contemporary World
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