A World of Nations The International Order Since 1945

by Keylor, William R.

• ISBN13: 9780195106022
• ISBN10: 0195106024
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-12-19
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

A World of Nations: The International Order Since 1945 provides an analytical narrative of the origins, evolution, and end of the Cold War. But the book is more than an account of the long struggle between the two superpowers. It traces the development of regional conflicts--ethnic, religious, cultural, economic, and military--throughout the world and examines the salience of interstate conflicts in the era of globalization. Based on newly accessible historical records, including previously unavailable sources from the former Communist states, the book offers a genuinely international history of this turbulent period for the first time. When the Cold War came to an abrupt end in 1989-90, some observers prematurely predicted the "end of history" and the emergence of a new world order of peace and stability. Instead, the last decade of the twentieth century and the early years of the twenty-first have been marked by an explosion of regional conflicts that have little to do with the legacy of the Cold War. A World of Nations follows the roots of these regional conflicts to the early period after WWII, when the attention of the world--and of most historians--was riveted on policymaking in Washington and Moscow, not on smaller nations. While taking account of the phenomenon of globalization and its transnational forces in recent years, this book emphasizes the persistence of the nation-state as the dominant actor on the world stage. A World of Nations is ideal for undergraduate political science courses in international relations, as well as courses on the history of America, foreign policy, European diplomatic history, history of international relations, and world history.

Table of Contents

Maps	ix
Preface	x
The Ideological Partition of Europe	1	(40)
The Formation of the Soviet Satellite Empire	2	(5)
Czechoslovakia between East and West	7	(1)
The Anomaly of Yugoslavia	8	(1)
Early Western Concerns about Soviet Expansionism	9	(2)
Confrontation at the Periphery: Iran, Turkey, Greece	11	(6)
The British Withdrawal, the Truman Doctrine, and ``Containment''	17	(3)
The European Recovery Program	20	(4)
The Emergence of the Postwar International Economic Order	24	(2)
The Political Consequences of the Marshall Plan	26	(1)
The Division of Germany	27	(10)
The Creation of an Atlantic Security System	37	(4)
The Militarization of Containment	41	(12)
Nuclear Anxieties and the Shadow of NSC--68	41	(4)
From Cold War to Hot War	45	(2)
The French Scheme for Western European Military Integration	47	(3)
The French Scheme for Western European Economic Integration	50	(3)
East-West Global Rivalries in the Eisenhower Years	53	(40)
The Evolution of American Military Strategy	55	(2)
The Demise of EDC and the Rearmament of West Germany	57	(3)
The Tortuous Path to European Economic Cooperation	60	(4)
The ``Thaw'' in East-West Relations after the Death of Stalin	64	(6)
The Consequences of De-Stalinization in the Satellites	70	(3)
The Extension of the Cold War to the ``Third World''	73	(2)
The Contest for Strategic Superiority	75	(4)
Berlin: The Bone in Khrushchev's Throat	79	(5)
The Summit That Never Was	84	(2)
The Superpowers and Africa through the Early 1960s	86	(3)
The Resolution of the Berlin Problem	89	(4)
From Chapultepec to Castro: The United States and Latin America, 1945--1962	93	(21)
The Formation of the Inter-American System	93	(6)
The Revival of U.S. Interventionism: Guatemala, 1954	99	(3)
``Yankee, Go Home!''	102	(1)
Kennedy's Alliance for Progress	103	(1)
The Challenge of the Cuban Revolution	104	(3)
The Bay of Pigs Fiasco	107	(2)
To the Brink of Armageddon	109	(5)
The Rise and Fall of Detente, 1962--1979	114	(33)
The Challenge of Arms Control	114	(1)
``Blowing in the Wind'': The Bid to Limit Nuclear Testing	115	(2)
Preserving the Nuclear Oligopoly: The Non-Proliferation Treaty	117	(1)
Nuclear Parity and Mutual Assured Destruction	118	(2)
The Road to Salt I	120	(4)
Europe between the Superpowers: De Gaulle's Grand Design	124	(6)
Ostpolitik: West Germany Looks East	130	(3)
Helsinki: A European Security Agreement at Last	133	(4)
The Failure of SALT II and the Renewal of the Arms Race	137	(10)
Regional Rivalries and Cold War Conflicts in the Middle East, 1945--1975	147	(28)
The Establishment of the Jewish State	147	(4)
The Road to Suez	151	(7)
Nasserism and the Crises in Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq	158	(4)
The Renewal of the Arab-Israeli Conflict after Suez	162	(13)
Asia Recuperates from the Ravages of War	175	(85)
The Chinese Civil War	177	(8)
The Korean War and Its Repercussions for the Far East	185	(14)
From Hiroshima to Japan, Inc.: The Asian Model of Economic Growth	199	(10)
The United States and the ``Two Chinas''	209	(2)
The Disintegration of the Sino-Soviet Alliance	211	(4)
The Agony of Indochina: The French Phase	215	(9)
The Agony of Indochina: The American Phase	224	(16)
China Turns to the West	240	(4)
Indonesia's Bid for a Regional Role	244	(7)
From the Emergency in Malaya to the Emergence of Malaysia	251	(1)
Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in the Philippines	252	(2)
India's Quest for a ``Third Way''	254	(6)
The Inter-American System Since the Cuban Missile Crisis	260	(24)
The Specter of Castro and the Demise of the Alliance for Progress	260	(4)
Marxism and Despotism in Chile	264	(3)
Dictatorship, Development, and Human Rights	267	(1)
The Nicaraguan Revolution and Its Consequences	268	(5)
The Latin American Debt Crisis of the Eighties	273	(2)
The Turn toward Liberalism and Regional Economic Cooperation	275	(3)
The Advance of Democratic Institutions	278	(2)
The Return of Regional Stability to Central America	280	(1)
The Reluctant Gendarme of the Hemisphere after the Cold War	281	(3)
Africa: The Travails of Independence	284	(26)
The Curse of Underdevelopment	287	(2)
The Persistence of ``Neo-Imperialism''	289	(4)
Competing Territorial Claims in the Sahara	293	(1)
The Cold War and the End of the Portuguese African Empire	294	(3)
The Cold War and Interstate Conflict on the Horn of Africa	297	(2)
The Collapse of White Minority Rule in the South	299	(3)
Disorder on the Horn	302	(2)
War and Genocide in Central Africa	304	(2)
Nigeria's Bid for Regional Leadership in West Africa	306	(2)
The Algerian Crisis in the 1990s	308	(2)
The Decline and Fall of the Soviet Empire	310	(25)
Economic Restructuring, Political Reform, and Arms Control	310	(5)
The Liberation of the Satellites	315	(2)
The Reunification of Germany and the Breakup of the Warsaw Pact	317	(2)
The Disappearance of the Soviet Union	319	(6)
The Ordeal of the Successor States	325	(5)
The Fading Dream of Arms Control	330	(5)
European Unity and Disunity	335	(23)
France's Campaign to Lead a ``Europe of States''	336	(1)
The Expansion and Deepening of the Community	337	(2)
The Relaunching of the European Idea	339	(5)
The Elusive Quest for Security Cooperation	344	(4)
The Resurgence of Ethnic Conflict	348	(10)
Economic Development and Strategic Evolution in Asia	358	(32)
Afghanistan under Siege	358	(9)
China after Mao: The Great Awakening	367	(11)
The Pacification of Cambodia	378	(1)
The Reemergence of the ``Hermit Nation''	379	(2)
The End of the Japanese Miracle	381	(1)
The Search for a Southeast Asian Security System	382	(2)
Instability and Insecurity on the Indian Subcontinent	384	(6)
Diplomacy and War in the Middle East	390	(24)
The Unfolding of the Arab-Israeli ``Peace Process''	390	(6)
The Iranian Revolution, the Iran-Iraq War, and the Intifada	396	(5)
The Context and Consequences of the Gulf War	401	(3)
The Revival of Hope for Regional Peace and Stability	404	(10)
Epilogue A World of Nations in the Era of Globalization	414	(5)
Select Bibliography	419	(8)
Index	427