World Politics Trend and Transformation

by Kegley, Charles W.

• ISBN13: 9780534602208
• ISBN10: 0534602207
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-02-28
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

WORLD POLITICS: TREND AND TRANSFORMATION is the best selling text in International Relations, because of its trusted balance in coverage and approach, unmatched by any other text for the course. By analyzing both historical and contemporary trends and developments, utilizing theoretical concepts, and weaving in the interactions of global actors, WORLD POLITICS: TREND AND TRANSFORMATION resists the temptation to overly simplify world politics, presenting the material in a thought-provoking yet accessible manner while preparing students to assess the possibilities for the global future and its potential impact on their lives. The major theories scholars use to explain the dynamics underlying international relations?realism, liberalism, and their variants?frame the text. At the same time, this book incorporates the reconstructed theories newly advanced to interpret contemporary developments (such as constructivism and feminist theory) and resists the temptation to oversimplify world politics with a superficial treatment that would mask complexities and distort realities. In addition, major actors and current issues such as global welfare, international economics, ecology, and the environment are covered, as well as issues of global conflict, including the changing face of terrorism, national security, warfare, and approaches to peace.

Table of Contents

Controversy Boxes and Maps	xvii
Preface	xix
About the Authors	xxix
PART I: TREND AND TRANSFORMATION IN WORLD POLITICS	1	(54)
Exploring Twenty-First-Century World Politics	2	(24)
The Investigative Challenge	5	(4)
How Perceptions Influence Images of Reality	9	(5)
The Nature and Sources of Images	9	(4)
The Role of Images in World Politics	13	(1)
Breaking the Global Puzzle into Parts: Interpreting at Different Levels of Analysis	14	(2)
The Book's Approach: Actors, Issues, and Their Interactions	16	(1)
Facing the Future: Key Questions to Confront at the Dawn of the New Millennium	17	(6)
Are States Obsolete?	17	(1)
Is Globalization a Cure or a Curse?	18	(1)
What Will Be the Consequences of America's Superpower Status?	19	(1)
Will Geo-Economics Supersede Geopolitics?	20	(1)
What Constitutes Human Well-Being on an Ecologically Fragile Planet?	21	(2)
Key Terms	23	(1)
Suggested Reading	23	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	23	(2)
InfoTrac® College Edition	25	(1)
Theories of World Politics	26	(29)
Understanding World Politics	28	(1)
The Elusive Quest for Theory	28	(1)
The Evolution of Theoretical Inquiry	29	(1)
Liberalism	29	(4)
The Liberal Worldview	30	(1)
The Liberal Reform Program	31	(2)
Realism	33	(7)
The Realist Worldview	33	(2)
Realism in the Nuclear Age	35	(1)
The Limitations of Realism	35	(3)
The Neorealist or ``Structural'' Extension of Realism	38	(1)
The Neoclassical Extension of Realism	39	(1)
Neoliberalism	40	(5)
Transnational Interdependence as a Neoliberal Counter Worldview to Realism	42	(2)
International Regimes	44	(1)
Alternative Theories	45	(1)
Theorizing about Theory: The Constructivist Conception	46	(6)
Key Terms	52	(1)
Suggested Reading	52	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	53	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	54	(1)
PART II: THE GLOBE'S ACTORS AND THEIR RELATIONS	55	(204)
Foreign Policy Decision Making	56	(38)
The Emergence of the Modern State System	58	(1)
The Global and Domestic Determinants of States' Foreign Policy Behavior	59	(10)
Geopolitics	60	(2)
Military Capabilities	62	(1)
Economic Conditions	63	(2)
Type of Government	65	(4)
The Unitary Actor and Rational Decision Making	69	(9)
States as Unitary Actors?	69	(1)
Policy Making as Rational Choice	69	(3)
Impediments to Rational Choice	72	(6)
The Bureaucratic Politics of Foreign Policy Decision Making	78	(8)
Bureaucratic Efficiency and Rationality	78	(1)
The Limits of Bureaucratic Organization	78	(4)
Attributes of Bureaucratic Behavior	82	(3)
The Consequences of Bureaucratic Policy Making	85	(1)
The Role of Leaders in Foreign Policy Decision Making	86	(5)
Leaders as Makers and Movers of World History	86	(2)
Factors Affecting the Capacity to Lead	88	(3)
Refinements to the History-Making Individuals Model	91	(1)
Constraints on Foreign Policy Making: Problems and Prospects	91	(1)
Key Terms	91	(1)
Suggested Reading	92	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	92	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	93	(1)
Great-Power Rivalries and Relations	94	(37)
The Quest for Great-Power Hegemony	96	(2)
The First World War	98	(6)
The Causes of World War I	98	(4)
The Consequences of World War I	102	(2)
The Second World War	104	(6)
The Causes of World War II	104	(5)
The Consequences of World War II	109	(1)
The Cold War	110	(9)
The Causes and Evolutionary Course of the Cold War	111	(8)
The Consequences of the Cold War	119	(1)
The Future of Great-Power Politics: A Cold Peace?	119	(7)
America's Unipolar Moment in History	119	(4)
From Unipolarity to Multipolarity?	123	(3)
Responding to Multipolarity's Challenge	126	(2)
Key Terms	128	(1)
Suggested Reading	128	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	129	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	130	(1)
The Global South in a World of Powers	131	(37)
The Colonial Origins of the Global South's Plight	135	(9)
The First Wave of European Imperialism	138	(2)
The Second Wave of European Imperialism	140	(2)
Colonialism, Self-Determination, and Decolonization in the Twentieth Century	142	(2)
North and South Today: Worlds Apart	144	(3)
Theoretical Explanations of Underdevelopment	147	(4)
Classical Economic Development Theory	147	(1)
Two Structural Theories: Dependency Theory and World Systems	147	(2)
Closing the Gap? The Global South's Prospects	149	(2)
The Global South's Foreign Policy Response to a World Ruled by the Great Powers	151	(13)
In Search of Power	152	(2)
The Search for Wealth in a Globalized World	154	(3)
Trade, Aid, Investment, Debt Relief---or Nothing?	157	(7)
The Future Role of the Global South	164	(1)
Key Terms	164	(1)
Suggested Reading	165	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	165	(2)
InfoTrac® College Edition	167	(1)
Nonstate Actors in the Interstate System	168	(51)
Nonstate Actors, Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs), and Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs): An Introduction	170	(3)
Global Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)	173	(14)
The United Nations	173	(3)
The Organization of the United Nations: System and Structure	176	(5)
Other Prominent Global IGOs: The World Trade Organization, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund	181	(6)
The European Union as a Model Regional IGO: A Rite of Passage for ``Euroland''?	187	(7)
Other Regional IGOs	192	(2)
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)	194	(20)
Nonstate Nations: The Indigenous Ethnic Groups of the Fourth World	196	(6)
Religious Movements	202	(4)
Multinational Corporations and Transnational Banks	206	(5)
Are NGOs Capable of Transforming World Politics?	211	(3)
Nonstate Actors: Saviors or Stranglers of the State?	214	(2)
Key Terms	216	(1)
Suggested Reading	216	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	217	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	218	(1)
Humanitarian Challenges and the Protection of Human Rights	219	(40)
Putting People into the Picture	221	(2)
How Does Humanity Fare? Assessing the Human Condition	223	(10)
Measuring Human Development and Human Security	227	(2)
Political and Economic Preconditions for Human Development	229	(2)
Human Development in the Age of Globalization	231	(2)
The Global Refugee Crisis	233	(4)
Indigenous Peoples: Precarious Life in the Fourth World	237	(3)
Fourth World Reactions to Human Rights Violations	238	(1)
The Threat of State Disintegration to Human Security	239	(1)
Gender Politics: The Subordinate Status of Women and Its Consequences	240	(4)
Human Rights and the Protection of People	244	(3)
International Ethics: Reconciling National Interests and Human Interests	247	(9)
Key Terms	256	(1)
Suggested Reading	256	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	257	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	258	(1)
PART III: THE POLITICS OF GLOBAL WELFARE	259	(138)
Globalization and the Prospects for Global Governance	260	(40)
What Is Globalization?	264	(16)
The Global Information Age	265	(6)
The Media: Markets or Monopoly?	271	(4)
Global Health or Global Infection?	275	(3)
Global Migration	278	(2)
The Globalization of Finance	280	(3)
The Globalization of Trade	283	(12)
Globalization and the State: What Future?	295	(2)
Key Terms	297	(1)
Suggested Reading	298	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	298	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	299	(1)
Markets and Money in the Global Political Economy	300	(48)
The Global Context for Interpreting Contemporary World Economic Change	302	(15)
The Shadow of Past Commercial Policy Philosophy	303	(2)
The Clash between Liberal and Mercantile Values	305	(6)
Hegemony: A Precondition for Economic Order and Free Trade?	311	(6)
The Changing Free-Trade Regime	317	(3)
Monetary Matters: Can Financial Regimes Promote Growth?	320	(12)
The Nuts and Bolts of Monetary Policy	322	(3)
The Bretton Woods Monetary System	325	(2)
The End of Bretton Woods	327	(1)
Floating Exchange Rates	328	(1)
Reforming the International Financial Architecture?	329	(3)
From Currency Concerns to Trade Troubles	332	(7)
Emerging Unilateral Trade Policies	332	(7)
The Fate of Free Trade: Triumph or Trouble in a Global Age?	339	(5)
Premises for a Future Global Economy	342	(1)
Global Economic Destiny?	342	(1)
Playing Games with Prosperity on a Global Scale: Tricks-of-the-Trade Debate	343	(1)
Key Terms	344	(1)
Suggested Reading	345	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	346	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	347	(1)
Population Pressure, Resource Depletion, and the Preservation of the Global Environment	348	(49)
Population Change as a Global Political Challenge	350	(10)
Understanding Growth Rates: The Persian Chessboard	350	(3)
The Demographic Divide between Global North and Global South	353	(1)
Population Momentum	353	(3)
From Population Explosion to Population Implosion -- A Demographic Transition?	356	(1)
New Plagues? The Global Impact of Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS	357	(3)
The International Response to Population Issues	360	(5)
Food Fights: The Clash of Optimists and Pessimists	361	(3)
A Prescription for Optimism or Pessimism?	364	(1)
Environmental Security and Sustainable Development	365	(3)
The Ecopolitics of Energy	368	(7)
The Global Politics of Oil Supply and Consumption	368	(1)
Running on Empty: Is Energy Security an Elusive Goal?	369	(6)
The Ecopolitics of the Atmosphere	375	(7)
Climate Change	375	(3)
Climate-Change Culprits	378	(2)
Ozone Protection	380	(2)
The Ecopolitics of Forests and Biodiversity	382	(5)
Shrinking Forests and Dust Bowls	382	(2)
Biodiversity	384	(3)
Toward Preservation: The International Response	387	(5)
Trade, the Environment, and Sustainable Development	390	(2)
Toward Sustainability?	392	(2)
Key Terms	394	(1)
Suggested Reading	394	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	395	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	396	(1)
PART IV: MANAGING GLOBAL CONFLICT	397	(174)
The Face of Twenty-First-Century Armed Conflict	398	(43)
Continuities and Change in Armed Conflict	400	(3)
Rival Theories of the Causes of Aggression	403	(17)
The First Level of Analysis: Individuals' Human Nature	403	(3)
The Second Level of Analysis: States' Internal Characteristics	406	(7)
The Third Level of Analysis: Cycles of War and Peace in the Global System	413	(7)
Armed Conflict within States	420	(7)
The Characteristics of Civil War	420	(2)
The Causes of Civil War	422	(4)
The International Dimensions of Internal War	426	(1)
Terrorism	427	(11)
Key Terms	438	(1)
Suggested Reading	439	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	439	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	440	(1)
Military Power, Coercive Diplomacy, and National Security	441	(57)
Power in International Politics	443	(1)
The Elements of State Power	443	(8)
Distinguishing Power from Capabilities	445	(3)
The Changing Character of World Power	448	(3)
The Pursuit of Military Capabilities	451	(16)
Trends in Military Spending	452	(1)
Changes in Military Capabilities	453	(1)
Trends in the Weapons Trade	454	(6)
Trends in Weapons Technology	460	(7)
Military Strategy in the Nuclear Age	467	(6)
Compellence	468	(1)
Deterrence	468	(2)
Preemption	470	(3)
The Uses and Limits of Coercive Diplomacy	473	(8)
Military Intervention	474	(2)
Economic Sanctions	476	(5)
The Great Powers' National Security Strategies	481	(11)
The U.S. Superpower Embraces a Revolutionary New Security Strategy	481	(4)
Russia Adjusts to Its New Geostrategic Circumstances	485	(1)
China's Global Clout and Security Posture	486	(2)
Japan's Search for a Strategy	488	(2)
Germany and the European Union Search for a Strategic Vision	490	(2)
The Search for Security in an Insecure World	492	(3)
Key Terms	495	(1)
Suggested Reading	495	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	496	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	497	(1)
The Realist Road to Security Through Alliances, Arms Control, and the Balance of Power	498	(30)
The Impact of Alliances on National and Global Security	501	(6)
Realpolitik Assumptions of Balance-of-Power Theory	503	(4)
Managing the Balance through a Concert of Great Powers	507	(1)
Stabilizing Power Balances through Arms Control	507	(8)
Arms Control versus Disarmament	508	(1)
Bilateral Arms Control and Disarmament	508	(2)
Multilateral Arms Control and Disarmament	510	(2)
The Problematic Future of Arms Control and Disarmament	512	(3)
Balancing Power in the Contemporary Global System	515	(10)
Models of the Balance of Power in the Twenty-First Century	516	(2)
World Domination by the U.S. Superpower, or a Multipolar Future of Balance-of-Power Competition?	518	(7)
Key Terms	525	(1)
Suggested Reading	526	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	526	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	527	(1)
The Liberal Institutional Paths to Peace	528	(43)
International Law and World Order	529	(18)
Law at the International Level: Core Principles	531	(2)
The Limitations of the International Legal System	533	(2)
The Relevance of International Law	535	(2)
The Legal Control of Warfare	537	(10)
International Organizations and World Order	547	(9)
The United Nations and the Preservation of Peace	547	(7)
Regional Security Organizations and Conflict Management	554	(2)
Political Integration: The Functional and Neofunctional Paths to Peace	556	(8)
World Federalism: A Single Global Government	556	(2)
Functionalism	558	(2)
Neofunctionalism	560	(3)
Political Disintegration	563	(1)
A Democratic Peace: Can Votes Stop Violence?	564	(2)
Liberal Institutions and World Order: From Security to Stability?	566	(1)
Key Terms	567	(1)
Suggested Reading	568	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	569	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	570	(1)
PART V: THE PROBLEMATIC TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY	571
Ten Questions About Twenty-First-Century Global Prospects	572
Toward the Future: Critical Questions at the Start of the New Millennium	574	(16)
Should Global Interests Be Placed Ahead of National Interests?	574	(1)
If War between States Is Obsolete, What Is the Purpose of Military Power?	575	(3)
Can the New Global Terrorism Be Contained?	578	(3)
Will Separatist Conflict within States Lead to Hundreds of New States?	581	(1)
Will the Great Powers Intervene to Protect Human Rights?	581	(2)
Will Globalization Tie the World Together or Tear It Apart?	583	(2)
Is Realism Still Realistic and Is Liberalism Still Too Idealistic?	585	(2)
Is the World Preparing for the Wrong War?	587	(1)
Is This the ``End of History''?	588	(1)
Is There a Reordered Global Agenda?	589	(1)
A New World Order or New World Disorder?	590	(3)
Key Terms	593	(1)
Suggested Reading	593	(1)
Where on the World Wide Web?	593	(1)
InfoTrac® College Edition	594
References	1	(1)
Photo Credits	1	(1)
Index	1