Write Start with Readings, The: Paragraphs to Essays

by Checkett, Lawrence; Feng-Checkett, Gayle

• ISBN13: 9780321142962
• ISBN10: 0321142969
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Clear and straightforward, The Write Start with Readings: Paragraphs to Essays is a developmental work-text designed to build writing, revision, and critical-thinking skills by getting students writing from the start. The text models the entire writing process, from prewriting to proofreading, with a model paragraph, and extends the writing process model to writing the introductory, body, and conclusion paragraphs of an essay. It then continues instruction in the various modes of development, teaching students to write paragraphs and essays in each mode. Throughout the text, students are given ample practice in applying the techniques and thinking skills to their own writing. Also included are sample student and professional essays to encourage critical thinking and discussion. The Writer's Resource appendix provides opportunities for students to work on targeted skills in grammar, punctuation, and ESL concerns.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
To the Student	1	(3)
How This Book Can Help You Reach Your Goals	1	(2)
Writing Can Be Learned	3	(1)
Critical Thinking: The Connection Between Reading and Writing	4	(9)
Questions for Thinking Critically	4	(1)
Applying the Critical Thinking Questions	5	(1)
Sample Student Essay: Are Two Million American Inmates Too Many?	5	(3)
Tom Weidemann
Model Critical Thinking Analysis of ``Are Two Million American Inmates Too Many?''	6	(2)
Sample Professional Essay: Designer Babies	8	(4)
Sharon Begley
Critical Reading Questions	12	(1)
Chapter Review	12	(1)
PART 1 Getting Started: The Fundamentals	13	(62)
Prewriting, Drafting, Revising, and Proofreading	13	(1)
The Paragraph	13	(2)
Types of Sentences in Paragraphs	14	(1)
The Essay	15	(1)
The Essay Title	15	(1)
Essay Elements	15	(1)
Audience	15	(1)
Unity	16	(2)
Coherence	18	(3)
Time Order	18	(1)
Space Order	19	(1)
Order of Importance	20	(1)
The Writing Process	21	(17)
Prewriting	21	(9)
Listing	21	(2)
Clustering (Mapping)	23	(1)
Cubing	24	(2)
Cross-Examination	26	(2)
Brainstorming	28	(1)
Freewriting	29	(1)
A Final Word About Prewriting	30	(1)
Drafting	30	(1)
Focusing and Developing Ideas	30	(1)
Writing the Paragraph's Topic Sentence	30	(1)
Developing the Paragraph	30	(1)
Writing the Rough Draft Paragraph	30	(1)
Revising the Rough Draft	31	(4)
Proofreading---Catching the ``Little'' Errors that Can Mean ``Big'' Trouble	35	(1)
The ``Final'' Final Step	35	(1)
From First Rough Draft to Finished Product	35	(2)
Chapter Review	37	(1)
The Introductory Paragraph	38	(13)
The Thesis Statement	38	(7)
The Attitude in the Thesis Statement	39	(1)
The Controlling Idea in the Thesis Statement	39	(1)
The Essay Map in the Thesis Statement	40	(1)
Checking Your Thesis Statement	41	(4)
Introductory Sentences	45	(3)
Drafting an Introductory Paragraph for the San Francisco Essay	48	(2)
Prewriting Activities: Creating Ideas to Write About	48	(1)
Drafting the Introductory Sentences	48	(1)
Drafting the Thesis Statement	49	(1)
Chapter Review	50	(1)
The Body Paragraphs	51	(13)
The Topic Sentence	51	(4)
Support Sentences	55	(1)
Drafting a Working Outline for a Body Paragraph	56	(2)
Writing the Body Paragraphs for the San Francisco Essay	58	(4)
Prewriting Activities: Creating Ideas to Write About	58	(2)
Drafting the Body Paragraphs' Topic Sentences	60	(1)
Checking the Outline	60	(1)
Drafting the Body Paragraphs	61	(1)
Additional Writing Assignments	62	(1)
Chapter Review	63	(1)
The Concluding Paragraph	64	(11)
Call to Action	64	(1)
Warning	65	(1)
Prediction	65	(1)
Evaluation	65	(1)
Drafting the Concluding Paragraph for the San Francisco Essay	66	(1)
Revising the First Rough Draft of the San Francisco Essay	66	(4)
Revising the Second Rough Draft of the San Francisco Essay	70	(2)
Sample Essay: San Francisco or Bust!	72	(1)
Essay Writing Technique Questions	73	(1)
Chapter Review	74	(1)
PART 2 Moving Forward: Strategies for Developing Essays	75	(164)
The Modes of Development	75	(1)
Beyond the College Essay	76	(1)
The Descriptive Essay	77	(17)
Identifying Your Purpose	77	(2)
Objective versus Subjective Description	78	(1)
Dominant Impression	78	(1)
Writing the Descriptive Paragraph	79	(4)
The Topic Sentence in a Subjective Description Paragraph	79	(2)
Supporting Details: Sensory Images	81	(1)
Supporting Details: Comparisons Using Figurative Language	82	(1)
Moving from Paragraph to Essay	83	(1)
Creating the Introductory Paragraph	83	(1)
Creating the Body Paragraphs	83	(1)
Creating the Concluding Paragraph	84	(1)
Sample Student Essay: Mr. Rogers Don't Live Here	84	(4)
Blanche Wade
Vocabulary	85	(1)
Descriptive Technique Questions	86	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	87	(1)
Descriptive Writing Exercises	87	(1)
Sample Professional Essay: El Hoyo	88	(3)
Mario Suarez
Vocabulary	88	(2)
Descriptive Technique Questions	90	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	90	(1)
Descriptive Writing Exercises	91	(1)
More Topics for a Descriptive Essay	91	(1)
Writing Checklist for a Descriptive Essay	92	(1)
Chapter Review	93	(1)
The Narrative Essay	94	(15)
Identifying Your Purpose	94	(1)
Writing the Narrative Paragraph	94	(5)
The Topic Sentence and the Point of the Story	94	(2)
Supporting Details: The Six Reporters' Questions	96	(1)
Model Paragraphs	96	(2)
Using Transitional Expressions to Order Events	98	(1)
Moving from Paragraph to Essay	99	(1)
Creating the Introductory Paragraph	99	(1)
Creating the Body Paragraphs	99	(1)
Creating the Concluding Paragraph	99	(1)
Sample Student Essay: Small-Town Views	100	(4)
Matt Grant
Vocabulary	100	(2)
Narrative Technique Questions	102	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	103	(1)
Narrative Writing Exercises	104	(1)
Sample Professional Essay: My Hips, My Caderas	104	(3)
Alisa Valdes
Vocabulary	104	(2)
Narrative Technique Questions	106	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	106	(1)
Narrative Writing Exercises	107	(1)
More Topics for a Narrative Essay	107	(1)
Writing Checklist for a Narrative Essay	108	(1)
Chapter Review	108	(1)
The Example Essay	109	(14)
Identifying Your Purpose	109	(1)
Writing the Example Paragraph	110	(2)
The Topic Sentence in an Example Paragraph	110	(1)
Using Transitional Expressions to Connect Examples to the Topic	111	(1)
Moving from Paragraph to Essay	112	(1)
Creating the Introductory Paragraph	112	(1)
Creating the Body Paragraphs	113	(1)
Creating the Concluding Paragraph	113	(1)
Sample Student Essay: Opportunities in the Armed Forces	113	(4)
Jennifer Staggs
Vocabulary	114	(1)
Example Technique Questions	115	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	116	(1)
Example Writing Exercises	117	(1)
Sample Professional Essay: Darkness at Noon	117	(3)
Harold Krents
Vocabulary	117	(2)
Example Technique Questions	119	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	119	(1)
Example Writing Exercises	120	(1)
More Topics for an Example Essay	120	(1)
Writing Checklist for an Example Essay	121	(1)
Chapter Review	121	(2)
The Classification Essay	123	(13)
Identifying Your Purpose	123	(1)
Writing the Classification Paragraph	124	(2)
The Topic Sentence in a Classification Paragraph	124	(1)
Using Supporting Details	124	(1)
Using Transitional Expressions to Identify Classifications	125	(1)
Moving from Paragraph to Essay	126	(2)
Creating the Introductory Paragraph	126	(1)
Creating the Body Paragraphs	127	(1)
Creating the Concluding Paragraph	127	(1)
Sample Student Essay: Left Out	128	(3)
Randy Raterman
Vocabulary	128	(1)
Classification Technique Questions	129	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	130	(1)
Classification Writing Exercises	130	(1)
Sample Professional Essay: Why I Want a Wife	131	(2)
Judy Brady-Syfers
Vocabulary	131	(1)
Classification Technique Questions	132	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	133	(1)
Classification Writing Exercises	133	(1)
More Topics for a Classification Essay	133	(1)
Writing Checklist for a Classification Essay	134	(1)
Chapter Review	135	(1)
The Process Essay	136	(18)
Identifying Your Purpose	136	(2)
Directional Process	137	(1)
Informational Process	137	(1)
Writing a Process Paragraph	138	(2)
The Topic Sentence in a Process Paragraph	138	(1)
Organizing the Process Paragraph	139	(1)
Transitional Expressions: Connecting the Steps	139	(1)
Moving from Paragraph to Essay	140	(1)
Creating the Introductory Paragraph	140	(1)
Creating the Body Paragraphs	141	(1)
Creating the Concluding Paragraph	141	(1)
Sample Directional Process Student Essay: Using a Digital Camera Successfully	141	(3)
Jocilyn Jimenez
Vocabulary	142	(1)
Process Technique Questions	143	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	143	(1)
Process Writing Exercises	144	(1)
Sample Informational Process Student Essay: How to Be Successful at Kicking the Smoking Habit	144	(3)
Stephany K. Higgs
Vocabulary	145	(1)
Process Technique Questions	146	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	146	(1)
Process Writing Exercises	147	(1)
Sample Professional Essay: Cat Bathing as Martial Art	147	(4)
Bud Herron
Vocabulary	148	(1)
Process Technique Questions	149	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	150	(1)
Process Writing Exercises	151	(1)
More Topics for a Process Essay	151	(1)
Writing Checklist for a Process Essay	152	(1)
Chapter Review	152	(2)
The Comparison or Contrast Essay	154	(21)
Identifying Your Purpose	154	(2)
Writing a Comparison or Contrast Paragraph	156	(6)
Deciding to Compare or to Contrast and Selecting Supporting Details	156	(2)
The Topic Sentence in a Comparison or Contrast Paragraph	158	(1)
Organizing a Comparison or Contrast Paragraph	158	(3)
Using Transitional Expressions to Connect Comparisons or Contrasts	161	(1)
Moving from Paragraph to Essay	162	(2)
Creating the Introductory Paragraph	162	(1)
Creating the Body Paragraphs	163	(1)
Creating the Concluding Paragraph	163	(1)
Sample Comparison Student Essay: Commercial vs. Residential Real Estate Sales	164	(2)
Nancy Smith
Vocabulary	164	(1)
Comparison Technique Questions	165	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	165	(1)
Comparison or Contrast Writing Exercises	166	(1)
Sample Contrast Student Essay: Two Different Neighbors	166	(3)
Tayde Cruz
Vocabulary	166	(2)
Contrast Technique Questions	168	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	168	(1)
Comparison or Contrast Writing Exercises	169	(1)
Sample Professional Essay: Light Skin versus Dark	169	(4)
Charisse Jones
Vocabulary	170	(1)
Comparison and Contrast Technique Questions	171	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	172	(1)
Comparison or Contrast Writing Exercises	172	(1)
More Topics for a Comparison or Contrast Essay	173	(1)
Writing Checklist for a Comparison or Contrast Essay	173	(1)
Chapter Review	174	(1)
The Definition Essay	175	(17)
Identifying Your Purpose	175	(2)
Simple Definition	176	(1)
Extended Definition	176	(1)
Writing an Extended Definition Paragraph	177	(2)
The Topic Sentence of an Extended Definition Paragraph	178	(1)
Using Transitional Expressions in Definition Paragraphs	178	(1)
Moving from Paragraph to Essay	179	(2)
Creating the Introductory Paragraph	179	(1)
Creating the Body Paragraphs	180	(1)
Creating the Concluding Paragraph	181	(1)
Sample Definition Student Essay: Order Through Discipline	181	(3)
Heather Hanshew
Vocabulary	181	(1)
Definition Technique Questions	182	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	183	(1)
Definition Writing Exercises	184	(1)
Sample Definition Student Essay: A Shrimper's Life	184	(3)
Donna Morris
Vocabulary	184	(2)
Definition Technique Questions	186	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	186	(1)
Definition Writing Exercises	187	(1)
Sample Definition Professional Essay: A Jerk	187	(2)
Sydney J. Harris
Vocabulary	187	(1)
Definition Technique Questions	188	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	189	(1)
Definition Writing Exercises	189	(1)
More Topics for a Definition Essay	189	(1)
Writing Checklist for a Definition Essay	190	(1)
Chapter Review	190	(2)
The Cause or Effect Essay	192	(20)
Identifying Your Purpose	192	(1)
Writing a Cause or Effect Paragraph	193	(6)
Causal Chains	193	(2)
Problems to Avoid	195	(1)
The Topic Sentence in a Cause or Effect Paragraph	196	(2)
Using Transitional Expressions in Cause and Effect Writing	198	(1)
Moving from Paragraph to Essay	199	(1)
Creating the Introductory Paragraph	199	(1)
Creating the Body Paragraphs	199	(1)
Creating the Concluding Paragraph	200	(1)
Sample Cause Student Essay: Problems in Parenting	200	(3)
Mark Collom
Vocabulary	200	(2)
Cause Technique Questions	202	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	203	(1)
Cause Writing Exercises	203	(1)
Sample Effect Student Essay: Giving Out	203	(3)
Yvonne Olsen
Vocabulary	204	(1)
Effect Technique Questions	205	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	206	(1)
Effect Writing Exercises	206	(1)
Sample Professional Essay: Why English-Only Laws Are Useless	206	(3)
Rosa Rivera
Vocabulary	207	(1)
Cause and Effect Technique Questions	208	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	208	(1)
Cause and Effect Writing Exercises	209	(1)
More Topics for a Cause or Effect Essay	209	(1)
Writing Checklist for a Cause or Effect Essay	210	(1)
Chapter Review	210	(2)
The Persuasive Essay	212	(27)
Identifying Your Purpose	212	(1)
Writing a Persuasive Paragraph	212	(11)
The Topic Sentence in a Persuasive Paragraph	213	(2)
The Pro and Con List	215	(2)
Techniques to Support the Argument	217	(1)
Logical Fallacies	218	(2)
Organization Patterns	220	(2)
Using Transitional Expressions in the Persuasive Paragraph	222	(1)
Moving from Paragraph to Essay	223	(2)
Creating the Introductory Paragraph	224	(1)
Using the Pro and Con Lists to Create the Thesis Statement for a Pro Essay	224	(1)
Creating the Body Paragraphs	225	(1)
Creating the Concluding Paragraph	225	(1)
Sample Student Essay: Working Pays Off	225	(4)
Randy Raterman
Vocabulary	225	(2)
Persuasion Technique Questions	227	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	228	(1)
Persuasive Writing Exercises	228	(1)
Creating the Introductory Paragraph and Thesis Statement for a Con Essay	229	(1)
Sample Student Essay: Guys and Gals	229	(3)
Bryan Kemper
Vocabulary	230	(1)
Persuasion Technique Questions	231	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	231	(1)
Persuasive Writing Exercises	232	(1)
Sample Professional Essay: Last Rites for the Indian Dead	232	(5)
Suzan Shown Harjo
Vocabulary	232	(2)
Persuasion Technique Questions	234	(1)
Critical Reading Questions	235	(1)
Persuasive Writing Exercises	236	(1)
More Topics for a Persuasive Essay	237	(1)
Writing Checklist for a Persuasive Essay	237	(1)
Chapter Review	237	(2)
PART 3 Special Writing Situations	239	(54)
The Research Paper	239	(1)
Timed In-Class Writing	239	(1)
Literary Analysis	240	(1)
The Research Paper	241	(26)
Select a Topic	241	(1)
Limit the Topic	242	(1)
Research the Topic and Take Notes	242	(1)
Outline the Paper	242	(1)
Select the Researched Support Material	243	(1)
Arrange the Quotations	243	(1)
Write the Paper	243	(1)
Document the Paper	244	(1)
Use the Appropriate Format	244	(1)
Avoid Plagiarism	244	(1)
Proofread the Paper	244	(1)
Prepare the Paper for Submission	245	(1)
The Modern Language Association (MLA) Documentation Format	245	(6)
Citing Within the Paper	245	(3)
Citing at the End of the Paper---The Works Cited Section	248	(1)
Examples of Works Cited Entries	248	(3)
Sample Student Research Paper: Six-Year-Old Harassers?	251	(6)
Jennifer Staggs
Research Paper Technique Questions	256	(1)
Sample Professional Research Paper: The Ecstasy of War	257	(7)
Barbara Ehrenreich
Research Paper Technique Questions	263	(1)
Chapter Review	264	(3)
The Essay Exam	267	(6)
Time and Grade	267	(1)
Key Terms in Essay Questions	267	(1)
Prompts with Thesis Statement and Essay Map Examples	268	(3)
Introductory and Concluding Techniques	271	(1)
Chapter Review	271	(2)
Literary Criticism	273	(20)
The Elements of Literary Analysis	273	(1)
Character: Who?	274	(2)
How Do Writers Develop a Character?	274	(1)
What Is the Result of the Characterization?	274	(1)
What Is the Character's Function?	274	(1)
Does the Character Change?	275	(1)
What Is Your Overall Impression of the Character?	275	(1)
How Credible Is the Character?	275	(1)
Plot: What?	276	(1)
The Basic Elements of the Plot	276	(1)
Setting: Where?	277	(1)
Time: When?	277	(1)
Theme: Why?	277	(2)
Questions to Determine Theme	278	(1)
Problems to Avoid	278	(1)
Technique: How?	279	(2)
Point of View	279	(1)
Language Devices	279	(1)
Word Selection	280	(1)
The Thesis Statement in Literary Analysis	281	(1)
Sample Literary Analysis of a Poem: ``After Apple-Picking,''	282	(4)
Robert Frost
Sample Literary Analysis of a Novel: Sula	286	(6)
Toni Morrison
Chapter Review	292	(1)
A Final Word	292	(1)
The Writer's Resources	293	(1)
GRAMMAR	294	(50)
Nouns	294	(3)
Pronouns	297	(5)
Personal Pronouns	297	(1)
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement	298	(1)
Relative Pronouns	299	(1)
Demonstrative Pronouns	300	(1)
Indefinite Pronouns	300	(1)
Reflexive Pronouns	300	(2)
Verbs	302	(18)
Present Tense	303	(1)
Past Tenses for Regular Verbs	303	(1)
Past Tenses for Irregular Verbs	304	(5)
Progressive Tenses and the Present Participle	309	(2)
Complex Verb Forms	311	(1)
Passive Voice	312	(4)
Subject-Verb Agreement	316	(1)
Compound Subject-Verb Agreement	317	(3)
Adjectives and Adverbs	320	(2)
Adjectives	320	(1)
Adverbs	320	(1)
Comparative and Superlative Forms	321	(1)
Sentence Basics	322	(1)
Clauses and Phrases	322	(11)
Independent and Dependent Clauses	322	(1)
Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses	323	(1)
Combining Clauses	323	(4)
Fragments, Comma Splices, and Run-on Sentences	327	(1)
Phrases	328	(3)
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers	331	(2)
Prepositions	333	(1)
Preposition Combinations	334	(4)
Articles	338	(5)
Interjections	343	(1)
CAPITALIZATION AND NUMBERS	344	(3)
Capitalization	344	(1)
Numbers	345	(2)
PUNCTUATION AND OTHER RULES OF STYLE	347	(13)
End Punctuation	347	(1)
Commas	348	(2)
Interrupters	348	(2)
Semicolons	350	(1)
Colons	351	(2)
Apostrophes	353	(1)
Quotation Marks	354	(1)
Parentheses	355	(1)
Brackets	355	(1)
Dashes	356	(1)
Hyphens	356	(1)
Underlining and Italics	357	(3)
WORDS AND MEANING	360	(15)
Commonly Misspelled Words ESL	360	(1)
Words That Sound Alike ESL	360	(4)
Contractions That Sound Like Other Words ESL	364	(1)
Words That Sound or Look Almost Alike ESL	365	(4)
Confusing Verbs That Sound Alike ESL	369	(2)
Two-and Three-Word Verb Phrases ESL	371	(4)
Additional Readings	375	(1)
DESCRIPTION	376	(8)
Have You Ever Met an Asian Man You Thought Was Sexy?	376	(3)
Eric Kim
The Joy Luck Club	379	(5)
Amy Tan
NARRATION	384	(12)
For My Indian Daughter	384	(3)
Lewis Sawaquat
Kubota	387	(9)
Garrett Hongo
EXAMPLE	396	(8)
Believers in Search of Piercing Insight	396	(3)
D. James Romero
The Don Juan Syndrome	399	(5)
Julie Chapa
CLASSIFICATION	404	(7)
Single White Female	404	(4)
Viet D. Dinh
Confessions of an Ex-Smoker	408	(3)
Franklin Zimring
PROCESS	411	(8)
Internet Job Search	411	(3)
A. C. ``Buddy'' Krizan
Patricia Merrier
Carol Larson Jones
Jules Harcourt
Managing Your Time	414	(5)
Edwin Bliss
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST	419	(7)
A Battle of Cultures	419	(3)
K. Connie Kang
Two Ways to Belong in America	422	(4)
Bharati Mukherjee
DEFINITION	426	(5)
In All Ways a Woman	426	(2)
Maya Angelou
A Magic Circle of Friends	428	(3)
Elvira M. Franco
CAUSE AND EFFECT	431	(6)
Spanglish Spoken Here	431	(3)
Janice Castro
Why We Crave Horror Movies	434	(3)
Stephen King
PERSUASION	437	(12)
Just Say No to Random Drug Testing	437	(3)
David Rocah
Naive Court Didn't Go Far Enough with Drug Testing	440	(2)
Claude Lewis
Why I Hunt	442	(2)
Dan Sisson
Why I Don't Hunt	444	(5)
Steve Ruggeri
Limited Answer Key	449	(2)
Glossary	451	(8)
Credits	459	(2)
Index	461