Writer’s Harbrace Handbook Brief Edition with APA Update Card

by Miller, Robert Keith; Webb, Suzanne Strobeck; Horner, Winifred Bryan

• ISBN13: 9780838408346
• ISBN10: 0838408346
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Spiral Bound
• Copyright: 2002-08-07
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Emphasizing writing-first, The WriterÆs Harbrace Handbook, Brief Edition, is ideally suited for writers who want an easy reference to key principles in a compact, comb-bound and tabbed format.

Table of Contents

Writing
Reading and Writing Critically cr	3	(26)
Reading and writing as processes	4	(1)
Active readers and writers	5	(5)
Inventories	5	(2)
Reading journals	7	(1)
College resources	8	(2)
Reading syllabi and assignment sheets carefully	10	(2)
Syllabi	10	(1)
Assignment sheets	11	(1)
Previewing a text	12	(3)
Distinguishing between context of a text and personal response to a text	15	(2)
Content	16	(1)
Personal responses	16	(1)
Credibility and writing	17	(1)
Purpose, audience, and context in writing	18	(11)
Purpose	19	(3)
Audience	22	(4)
Context	26	(3)
Planning and Drafting Essays pln/dft	29	(19)
Finding appropriate subjects	29	(6)
Subjects	30	(3)
Focus	33	(2)
Establishing a thesis	35	(2)
Arranging ideas	37	(3)
Informal working plans	37	(1)
Formal outlines	38	(2)
Drafting well-developed paragraphs	40	(3)
Details	41	(1)
Examples	42	(1)
Strategies of development	43	(3)
Narration	44	(1)
Description	44	(1)
Process	44	(1)
Cause and effect	44	(1)
Comparison and contrast	45	(1)
Classification and division	45	(1)
Definition	45	(1)
The first draft	46	(2)
Revising and Editing Essays rev/ed	48	(26)
Revision	49	(2)
Considering everything in the essay	49	(1)
Considering anything omitted from the essay	50	(1)
Considering tone	50	(1)
Introductions, conclusions, and titles	51	(2)
Introductions	51	(1)
Conclusions	52	(1)
Titles	53	(1)
Unified and coherent paragraphs	53	(5)
Topic sentences	54	(1)
Unified paragraphs	55	(1)
Coherent paragraphs	56	(2)
Transitions within and between paragraphs	58	(3)
Pronoun links	58	(1)
Repetition	59	(1)
Conjunctions and other transitional phrases	59	(2)
Sharing your work with others	61	(4)
Defining evaluation standards	61	(1)
Identifying concerns	62	(1)
Listening to criticism	63	(1)
Providing thoughtful responses	64	(1)
Editing	65	(2)
Proofreading	67	(1)
The final draft	67	(7)
Document Design des	74	(12)
Proper materials	74	(2)
paper and binding	74	(1)
Format	75	(1)
Type, fonts, and justification	75	(1)
Clear and orderly arrangement	76	(4)
Effective layout	76	(1)
Indentation	76	(1)
Page numbers	77	(1)
Headings	78	(1)
Graphics	78	(2)
Electronic documents	80	(5)
E-mail	81	(1)
The World Wide Web	81	(4)
Proofreading	85	(1)
Writing Arguments arg	86	(27)
Different purposes	86	(1)
Different views	87	(2)
Distinguishing between fact and opinion	89	(1)
Establishing a position or claim	90	(2)
The extent of claims	90	(1)
The kinds of claim	91	(1)
Developing an argument	92	(2)
Reasons behind a claim	92	(1)
Opposing views	93	(1)
Types of appeals	94	(2)
Classical appeals	94	(1)
Rogerian appeals	95	(1)
Organizing an argument	96	(3)
Classical arrangement	96	(1)
Rogerian arrangement	97	(1)
Refutation	97	(1)
Paragraph development	98	(1)
Conclusions	98	(1)
Understanding logic	99	(4)
Inductive reasoning	99	(1)
Deductive reasoning	100	(1)
The Toulmin model	101	(2)
Logical fallacies	103	(4)
Sample argument	107	(6)
Research: Finding and Evaluating Sources res	113	(24)
Seeking information	113	(3)
Resources	114	(2)
Time management	116	(1)
Focusing the subject and framing it as a question	116	(1)
Evaluating sources	117	(3)
Locating information efficiently	120	(11)
Libraries	121	(6)
The World Wide Web	127	(4)
Field research	131	(2)
Working bibliography	133	(4)
Research: Using and Citing Sources cit	137	(97)
Establishing a purpose	138	(1)
Taking accurate notes	139	(2)
Integrating sources	141	(7)
Introducing and discussing sources	142	(1)
Using direct quotations	143	(1)
Paraphrasing	144	(3)
Summarizing	147	(1)
Avoiding plagiarism	148	(3)
MLA-style documentation	151	(27)
Parenthetical citations	152	(7)
Works-cited list	159	(19)
MLA-style paper	178	(25)
Revising and editing	178	(1)
Sample MLA-style research paper	179	(24)
The note style of documentation	203	(3)
APA-style documentation	206	(11)
Parenthetical citations	206	(3)
Reference list	209	(8)
A sample APA-style research paper	217	(17)
Writing under Pressure pres	234	(7)
Deadlines	234	(1)
Strategies for overcoming writer's block	235	(1)
Essay tests	236	(5)
Setting up a schedule	236	(1)
Reading instructions and questions carefully	236	(1)
Organizing your response	237	(2)
Stating main points clearly	239	(1)
Sticking to the question	239	(1)
Revising and proofreading	239	(2)
Writing about Literature lit	241	(15)
Understanding literary terms	241	(3)
The elements of literature	241	(2)
Purpose	243	(1)
Discovering and developing a topic	244	(3)
Personal response	244	(1)
Topics	245	(1)
Rereading a work	246	(1)
Research	246	(1)
Essays about fiction	247	(1)
Essays about drama	248	(2)
Essays about poetry	250	(3)
Using proper form	253	(3)
Writing for Work wk	256	(15)
E-mail	256	(2)
Memos	258	(1)
Business letters	259	(2)
Application letters	261	(3)
Resumes	264	(7)
Grammar
Sentence Essentials se	271	(9)
Subjects and predicates	272	(1)
Verbs and predicates	272	(2)
Subjects, objects, and complements	274	(4)
Subjects of verbs	275	(1)
Objects of verbs	276	(2)
Subject and object complements	278	(1)
Word order	278	(2)
Phrases and Clauses ph/cl	280	(9)
Phrases	280	(3)
Noun phrases	280	(1)
Verb phrases	280	(1)
Verbal phrases	281	(1)
Prepositional phrases	281	(2)
Appositive phrases	283	(1)
Absolute phrases	283	(1)
Clauses	283	(4)
Independent clauses	283	(1)
Subordinate clauses	284	(2)
Coordinating and subordinating conjunctions	286	(1)
Sentence forms	287	(2)
Simple sentences	287	(1)
Compound sentences	287	(1)
Complex sentences	288	(1)
Compound-complex sentences	288	(1)
Sentence Fragments frag	289	(5)
Revising phrases written as fragments	291	(1)
Revising clauses written as fragments	292	(2)
Comma Splices and Fused Sentences cs/fs	294	(7)
Revising a fused sentence or a comma splice	297	(1)
Revising fused independent clauses with a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb	298	(2)
Divided quotations	300	(1)
Modifiers mod	301	(9)
Adjectives	302	(2)
Identifying adjectives	302	(1)
Adjectives used as subject or object complements	303	(1)
Adverbs	304	(1)
Adjectives and adverbs denoting degrees of comparison	305	(1)
The comparative	305	(1)
The superlative	306	(1)
The incorrect double comparative or superlative	306	(1)
Awkward or ambiguous modifiers	306	(1)
Placement of modifiers	307	(1)
Single-word modifiers	307	(1)
Prepositional phrases	307	(1)
Adjectival clauses	307	(1)
``Squinting'' constructions	308	(1)
Split infinitives	308	(1)
Dangling modifiers	308	(1)
The incorrect double negative	309	(1)
Pronouns pro	310	(12)
Kinds of pronouns	311	(2)
Personal pronouns	311	(1)
Relative pronouns	311	(1)
Interrogative pronouns	312	(1)
Reflexive/intensive pronouns	312	(1)
Subjective, objective, or possessive case	313	(1)
Subjects and complements	313	(1)
Objects	313	(1)
Modifiers	314	(1)
Clause as determiner of pronoun case	314	(3)
Compound constructions	314	(1)
Who or whom	315	(1)
Who or whom before interpolated expressions	316	(1)
The case of a pronoun after than or as	316	(1)
Objective form with infinitives	316	(1)
Pronoun-antecedent agreement	317	(2)
Agreement with generic nouns or indefinite pronouns	317	(2)
Words joined by and or by or or nor	319	(1)
Collective noun antecedents	319	(1)
Pronoun reference	319	(3)
Ambiguous or unclear pronoun references	320	(1)
Remote or awkward references	320	(1)
Broad or implied references	321	(1)
Impersonal it	321	(1)
Verbs v	322	(25)
Verb forms	323	(4)
Regular or irregular verbs	324	(1)
Auxiliary verbs	324	(1)
The forms of be	325	(1)
Transitive, linking, and intransitive verbs	326	(1)
The conjugation of a verb	327	(6)
The complete conjugation of a verb	327	(2)
The principal parts of verbs	329	(3)
Participles	332	(1)
Verb tense	333	(3)
Tense forms	334	(1)
Logical sequence of tense forms	335	(1)
Voice and mood	336	(1)
Voice	336	(1)
Mood	336	(1)
Subject-verb agreement	337	(6)
Words coming between the subject and the verb	338	(1)
Subject and verb endings not clearly sounded in rapid speech	339	(1)
Compound subjects joined by and	339	(1)
Subjects joined by either ... or	339	(1)
Inverted word order or there + verb constructions	340	(1)
Relative pronouns (who, which, that) as subjects	340	(1)
Indefinite pronouns	340	(1)
Collective nouns and phrases	341	(1)
Linking verbs with what	341	(1)
Titles of single works, words spoken of as words, and nouns plural in form but singular in meaning	342	(1)
Sit and set, lie and lay, and rise and raise	343	(1)
Unnecessary shifts in tense or mood	344	(3)
Effective Sentences
Sentence Unity: Consistency su	347	(4)
Clearly related ideas	347	(1)
Arranging details	347	(1)
Avoiding mixed metaphors and mixed constructions	348	(1)
Mixed metaphors	348	(1)
Mixed constructions	348	(1)
Faulty predication	348	(1)
Faulty predication in definitions	349	(2)
Constructing definitions logically	349	(1)
Defining words precisely	349	(2)
Subordination and Coordination sub/coor	351	(5)
Subordinating related short sentences	352	(2)
Adjectives and adjectival phrases	353	(1)
Adverbs and adverbial phrases	353	(1)
Appositives and contrasting elements	353	(1)
Subordinate clauses	353	(1)
Subordinating and coordinating main clauses	354	(1)
Subordination	354	(1)
Coordination	354	(1)
Logical connections	354	(1)
Faulty or excessive subordination	355	(1)
Parallelism //	356	(3)
Balancing similar grammatical elements	356	(1)
Parallel words and phrases	356	(1)
Parallel clauses	357	(1)
Parallel sentences	357	(1)
Clear parallel structures	357	(1)
Parallel correlatives	358	(1)
Emphasis emp	359	(5)
Placement of important words	359	(1)
Periodic and cumulative sentences	360	(1)
Ascending order of importance for ideas	360	(1)
Active, forceful verbs	361	(1)
Active voice	361	(1)
Action verbs and forceful linking verbs	362	(1)
Repeating important words	362	(1)
Inverting the standard word order	362	(1)
Emphasis through sentence length	363	(1)
Variety var	364	(7)
Varying sentence length	365	(1)
Varying sentence beginnings	365	(2)
Adverb or adverbial clause	366	(1)
Prepositional or verbal phrase	366	(1)
Sentence connectives---coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs, transitional phrases	366	(1)
Appositive, absolute phrase, introductory series	366	(1)
Varying sentence structure	367	(1)
Compound-complex sentences	367	(1)
Compound predicates in simple sentences	367	(1)
Appositives	367	(1)
Prepositional or verbal phrases	368	(1)
Varying conventional subject-verb sequence	368	(1)
Varying sentence types	368	(3)
Diction
Good Usage usg	371	(11)
Dictionaries	372	(3)
Varying language according to audience, place, and purpose	375	(2)
Colloquial (or conversational) words	375	(1)
Slang	375	(1)
Regionalisms	376	(1)
Nonstandard usage	376	(1)
Archaic and obsolete words	376	(1)
Technical words	376	(1)
Clear, straightforward style	377	(1)
Inclusive writing	377	(5)
Sexist language	378	(1)
References to race and ethnicity	379	(1)
Ability, age, class, religion, occupation, and orientation	380	(2)
Exactness e	382	(8)
Accurate, precise word choice	382	(5)
Accuracy	382	(1)
Connotations	383	(1)
Specific, concrete words	384	(2)
Figurative language	386	(1)
Idiomatic expressions	387	(1)
Fresh expressions	388	(1)
Using first and second person	389	(1)
Conciseness con	390	(5)
Making every word count	390	(3)
Redundancy	390	(1)
Unnecessary words	391	(1)
Expletives	392	(1)
Revising to eliminate needless words	393	(1)
Necessary repetition	393	(1)
Elliptical constructions to eliminate repetition	393	(2)
Clarity and Completeness ^	395	(6)
Articles, pronouns, conjunctions, or prepositions	395	(1)
Omitted articles	395	(1)
Omitted conjunctions or prepositions	396	(1)
Complete verbs and auxiliaries	396	(1)
Complete comparisons	397	(1)
Intensifiers	397	(4)
Punctuation
The Comma	401	(13)
Before a coordinating conjunction that links independent clauses	402	(2)
After introductory words, phrases, and clauses	404	(2)
Introductory clauses	404	(1)
Introductory phrases	405	(1)
Separating parallel items such as those in a series	406	(1)
To separate words, phrases, and clauses in a series	406	(1)
To separate coordinate adjectives	407	(1)
With nonrestrictive and other parenthetical elements	407	(4)
Nonrestrictive clauses or phrases used as modifiers	408	(1)
Nonrestrictive appositives	409	(1)
Contrasted elements	409	(1)
Geographical names, items in dates, and addresses	410	(1)
Parenthetical expressions	410	(1)
Mild interjections and words used in direct address	410	(1)
Absolute phrases	411	(1)
For ease in reading	411	(1)
Unnecessary commas	411	(3)
Not between the subject and the verb or the verb and its object	412	(1)
Not after coordinating conjunctions	412	(1)
After clearly parenthetical words and short phrases	412	(1)
Not to set off restrictive clauses, phrases, or appositives	413	(1)
Not before the first or after the last item of a series	413	(1)
The Semicolon ;	414	(3)
Connecting independent clauses not linked by a coordinating conjunction	414	(1)
Separating elements that contain commas	415	(1)
Not with unequal grammatical parts	416	(1)
The Apostrophe	417	(4)
Showing possession for nouns and some indefinite pronouns	417	(2)
With singular nouns, indefinite pronouns, and acronyms	418	(1)
With plural nouns ending in -s	418	(1)
To show joint ownership or to make a compound noun possessive	418	(1)
To show individual ownership	418	(1)
Before gerunds and to show time relationships or an academic degree	418	(1)
With contractions and numbers	419	(1)
The plurals of letters, numbers, and words referred to as words	419	(1)
Misuse of personal pronouns and plural nouns	420	(1)
Quotation Marks ``''	421	(6)
Direct quotations, dialogue, and thoughts	421	(1)
Direct quotations	421	(1)
Indirect quotations	421	(1)
Quotations with quotations	422	(1)
Dialogue	422	(1)
Thoughts	422	(1)
Long quotations	422	(2)
Prose	423	(1)
Poetry	423	(1)
Titles of short works and subdivisions of books	424	(1)
Words intended in a special or ironic sense	424	(1)
Overusing quotation marks	425	(1)
Placement with other punctuation marks	425	(2)
Commas and periods	425	(1)
Semicolons and colons	425	(1)
Question marks, exclamation points, and dashes	426	(1)
The Period and Other Marks	427	(10)
The period	427	(1)
After declarative or a mildly imperative sentence	427	(1)
After some abbreviations	428	(1)
The question mark ?	428	(1)
The exclamation point !	429	(1)
The colon :	429	(1)
To direct attention to an explanation or summary, a series, or a quotation	429	(1)
To separate figures in time references as well as titles and subtitles	430	(1)
After the salutation of a business letter	430	(1)
The dash ---	430	(1)
To mark a sudden break in thought, an abrupt change in tone, or faltering speech	431	(1)
To set off a parenthetical element for emphasis or clarity	431	(1)
After an introductory list or series	431	(1)
Parentheses ()	431	(1)
Brackets []	432	(1)
The slash /	433	(1)
Ellipsis points ...	433	(4)
To mark an omission within a quoted passage	433	(1)
To mark a reflective pause or hesitation	434	(3)
Mechanics
Spelling, the Spell Checker, and Hyphenation sp	437	(11)
Spell checkers	438	(1)
Spelling and pronunciation	439	(1)
Spelling words of similar sound	440	(2)
Contractions and possessive pronouns	440	(1)
Single words and two-word phrases	440	(1)
Singular nouns ending in -nce and plural nouns ending in -nts	440	(2)
Prefixes	442	(1)
Suffixes	443	(2)
Dropping or retaining a final -e	443	(1)
Doubling a final consonant	443	(1)
Changing or retaining the final -y	443	(1)
Retaining a final -l before -ly	444	(1)
Adding -s or -es to form the plural of nouns	444	(1)
Confusion of ei and ie	445	(1)
Hyphenation	445	(3)
Linking two or more words to form a compound	445	(1)
Breaking a word at the end of a line	446	(2)
Capitals cap	448	(6)
Proper names, their abbreviations, and acronyms	448	(2)
Names, nicknames, and trademarks	448	(1)
Names of peoples and their languages	448	(1)
Geographical names	449	(1)
Names of organizations, government agencies, institutions, and companies	449	(1)
Names for days of the week, months, and holidays	449	(1)
Historical documents, periods, events, and movements	449	(1)
Names of religions and of their adherents, holy days, holy books, and words denoting the Supreme Being	449	(1)
Personifications	450	(1)
Words derived from proper names	450	(1)
Abbreviations and acronyms or shortened forms of capitalized words	450	(1)
Titles that precede a person's name	450	(1)
The first, last, and all major words in titles	451	(1)
The first word of a sentence and of directly quoted speech	451	(1)
Unnecessary capitals	451	(3)
Common nouns	451	(1)
Emphasis	452	(2)
Italics ital	454	(3)
Titles of publications	454	(1)
Foreign words and phrases	455	(1)
Names of legal cases	456	(1)
Names of specific ships, satellites, and spacecraft	456	(1)
Words, letters, or figures spoken of as such	456	(1)
Emphasized words	456	(1)
Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Numbers ab/ac/n	457	(12)
Designations such as Ms., Mr., Mrs., Dr., St. Jr., Sr., and II	457	(1)
Names of streets, cities, states, countries, continents, months, days of the week, and units of measurement	458	(1)
Abbreviations in correspondence	458	(1)
Abbreviations used when citing research	459	(2)
Abbreviations as words	461	(2)
Clipped forms	461	(1)
Time period and zone	462	(1)
The United States	462	(1)
Names of individuals	462	(1)
Expressions in Latin	462	(1)
Acronyms	463	(1)
Numbers	463	(1)
Special use of numbers	464	(5)
Time of day	464	(1)
Dates	464	(1)
Addresses	465	(1)
Identification numbers	465	(1)
Identification numbers	465	(1)
Pages and divisions of books and plays	465	(1)
Decimals and percentages	465	(1)
Large round numbers	465	(1)
Legal or commercial writing	465	(4)
Glossary of Usage	469	(15)
Glossary of Terms	484	(23)
Copyrights and Acknowledgments	507
Index	1	(50)
English as a World Language Index	51