X-Ray Lasers 1998

by International Conference on Advances in Structural Dynamics (2000 : Hong Kong, China); Kato, Y.; Takuma, H.; Daido, Hiroaki

• ISBN13: 9780750305921
• ISBN10: 0750305924
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-04-01
• Publisher: Inst of Physics Pub Inc

Summary

The impetus to develop efficient and compact lasers covering the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum arises from the many applications that would follow in materials science, non-linear optics, biology, medicine.Interest in the field is growing rapidly for several reasons: at short X-ray wavelengths table-top lasers have been demonstrated; large soft X-ray amplification in a hot dense plasma discharge was achieved in 1995 promising much smaller and simple soft X-ray lasers than previous systems; lasing without inversion in gases has been achieved in 1995, enabling traditional problems of producing UV and X-ray lasers to be side-stepped.This book will contain the invited and contributed papers to be presented at the 6th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers - this is the primary forum for researchers in the field. The Proceedings will provide not only an overview and progress report but also important reference material on which future research can be built.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xix
Conference organization	p. xx
Sponsors	p. xxi
Opening address 1	p. xxiii
Opening address 2	p. xxvi
Overview
Overview of x-ray laser research in the UK (Invited paper)	p. 1
New results in the development of table-top capillary discharge soft-x-ray lasers: demonstration of high average power and realization of the first application (Invited paper)	p. 9
Extreme nonlinear optics: phase-matching of ultraviolet and soft-x-ray generation (Invited paper)	p. 17
The XUV laser facility developed at LULI for scientific applications (Invited paper)	p. 25
X-ray lasing and saturation in Ni-like ions at low pump power	p. 33
A prospect of ultra-high field physics using ultra-short ultra-high peak power lasers (Invited paper)	p. 37
Progress of x-ray laser research in China (Invited paper)	p. 43
Progress in table-top transient collisional excitation x-ray lasers at LLNL (Invited paper)	p. 51
Collisional x-ray lasers
Characterization of x-ray lasers at short wavelengths (Invited paper)	p. 59
Experiments of the saturated Ni-like x-ray lasers driven by a double 75 ps laser pulse	p. 67
Saturation behaviour in Ni-like Dy	p. 71
Transient gain in travelling wave pumped Ni-like x-ray lasers	p. 75
Gain saturation and travelling wave effects for collisional excitation x-ray lasers	p. 79
High brightness Ni-like soft-x-ray lasers for various applications (Invited paper)	p. 83
Characterization of a saturated nickel-like Ag x-ray laser pumped by high intensity 100 ps laser pulses	p. 91
Test of Al-coated Nd target for the Ni-like Nd soft-x-ray laser	p. 95
Design of a double target for the prepulse technique	p. 99
Nickel-like Nd x-ray laser at 7.9 nm with double slab target coupling configuration	p. 103
Generation of intense Ni-like x-ray lasers at LULI: from 130 ps to 350 fs pumping pulses (Invited paper)	p. 107
Obtention of high gains in the 3s-3p J = 0-1 transition of neon like iron by an improved control of the ionization balance	p. 115
Ray tracing modelling of a test collisional excitation x-ray laser using a half-cavity	p. 119
Progress in understanding the short-pulse-driven collisional x-ray lasers (Invited paper)	p. 123
Characterization of transient gain x-ray lasers	p. 131
Measuring the wavelengths of the Ni-like 4d [superscript 1]S[subscript 0 right arrow] 4p [superscript 1]P[subscript 1 right arrow] 4d [superscript 1]P[subscript 1] x-ray laser lines	p. 135
Prospects for x-ray laser development at the PALS facility	p. 139
X-ray laser research activity in JAERI/Kansai	p. 143
Experimental investigation of the efficiency of a neon-like soft-x-ray laser applying a double prepulse technique	p. 147
Ne-like Cr x-ray lasers driven by picosecond laser pulses	p. 151
Calculations of TCE x-ray laser in nickel-like and neon-like ions	p. 155
Design of a 1 TW/100 fs-laser-driven Ne-like S x-ray laser at 60.8 nm	p. 159
Discharge pumped x-ray lasers
First experimental results of a very high power density capillary discharge plasma	p. 163
High resolution temporal and spatial mapping of the electron density in a capillary discharge pumped soft-x-ray laser amplifier using sub-ps optical interferometry	p. 167
Ablative capillary discharges as table-top XUV sources	p. 171
Development of a fast high voltage pulsed generator dedicated to a fast capillary discharge XUV source	p. 175
Development of a plasma waveguide using fast capillary discharges	p. 179
The effect of neutral species on a Z-pinch capillary discharge x-ray laser	p. 183
Study of vapour columns for discharge pumped x-ray lasers	p. 187
Initial and boundary conditions influence on z-pinch plasma for collisional excitation x-ray lasers	p. 191
Simulations of soft-x-ray lasing for capillary discharge argon plasmas	p. 195
Gain calculations in capillary discharge plasmas. Proposal for high temperature two-step discharge without plasma compression	p. 199
Recombination x-ray lasers
Study on tabletop x-ray lasers pumped by a pulse-train laser (Invited paper)	p. 203
Excited level populations of Li-like Al ions in a low temperature dense recombining plasma; role of atomic processes through doubly excited levels	p. 211
Characteristics of the output beam from an unstable-cavity in a tabletop x-ray laser pumped by a pulse-train YAG laser	p. 215
Scaling study on lithium-like x-ray laser pumped by a pulse-train laser	p. 219
Effect of wave envelope of pulse-train laser on production of x-ray laser gain in recombining lithium-like aluminum plasmas	p. 223
Effects of surface oxide layers on gain in multipulse-pumped lithium-like aluminum soft-x-ray lasers	p. 227
Investigation of the gain anomaly of lithium-like ion 3d-4f and 3d-5f lasers in a recombining silicon plasma	p. 231
Nitrogen Balmer-[alpha] recombination laser using a 30 nm thin membrane target	p. 235
Prospects for a 3.34 nm water-window x-ray laser in the exploding-type pumping scheme	p. 239
Effective ionization and rapid recombination of a plasma in the 'Exploding-mode pumping scheme'	p. 243
Progress in demonstration of 3-body recombination x-ray lasers below 40 A	p. 247
A modified quasi-steady state approximation for modelling of collisional and radiative processes in recombination x-ray laser	p. 251
Novel x-ray laser schemes
Possibility of off-resonant superradiant effects (Invited paper)	p. 255
Coherent soft-x-ray radiation with femtosecond lasers (Invited paper)	p. 263
Time-resolved investigations of optically field-ionized plasmas for soft-x-ray laser applications	p. 271
Very compact 1-2 Hz soft-x-ray lasers and their potential applications (Invited paper)	p. 275
Ionization of atoms by combinations of different polarization femtosecond laser pulses	p. 285
Relaxation of electron energy distributions and population inversion in optical-field-ionized plasmas	p. 289
X-ray laser gain distribution in OFI plasmas	p. 293
Anomalous plasma heating by intense ultra-short laser pulse for optical field ionization x-ray lasers	p. 297
Relativistic plasma pumping of x-ray lasers (Invited paper)	p. 301
Femtosecond x-ray laser schemes using electron-impact inner-shell ionization and Coster-Kronig processes	p. 309
Investigations towards the realization of an inner-shell x-ray laser in Na	p. 313
Inner-shell ionization x-ray laser and hollow atom x-ray laser	p. 317
X-ray pumping source for inner-shell ionization x-ray laser	p. 321
Giga-particle simulation on short pulse x-ray generation with anultra-short pulse relativistic laser	p. 325
Investigation of a femtosecond-laser-driven soft-x-ray laser using a gas puff target	p. 329
Excitation of nuclear transitions by self-channelled laser field for possible gamma-lasing (Invited paper)	p. 333
A new scheme for charge-transfer pumping of laser-produced plasma for effective lasing in the XUV-range	p. 339
Ultrashort intense laser interaction with atoms, molecules and clusters	p. 349
Modelling of x-ray lasers
Modelling of laser produced plasma and Z-pinch x-ray lasers (Invited paper)	p. 353
Ultrashort-pulse x-ray lasers: experimental and theoretical research at CEA (Invited paper)	p. 363
X-ray lasers driven by ultra-short pulsed lasers (Invited paper)	p. 371
Simulations of collisionally pumped Ni-like x-ray lasers	p. 379
Gain evaluation for the Ni-like tantalum x-ray laser	p. 383
Modelling of electron collisional excited x-ray lasers using short pulse laser pumping	p. 387
Theoretical research on Ni-like ions x-ray laser pumping by multi-pulses	p. 391
Effects of oscillator strength transfer and radiative decay cancellation in Ne-like and Ni-like sequences. Application to x-ray laser modelling and plasma diagnostics	p. 395
Proposal for an x-ray laser pumped by a powerful short-pulse-drive laser	p. 399
Particle modelling of ionization and three-body recombination in an x-ray laser medium	p. 403
Hybrid particle-in-cell simulation, the absorption and ionization dynamics of an overdense plasma heated by subpicosecond pulse laser	p. 407
Near LTE linear symmetric response matrix with a collisional radiative model for He-like Al ions	p. 411
Three-body recombination and excited-atom populations in a non-Maxwellian or anisotropic plasma	p. 415
X-ray spectrum of Be-like ions in recombining plasmas	p. 419
Spectroscopic observation for electron impact excitations of highly charged Ne-like ions	p. 423
Accurate transition rates in x-ray laser calculations	p. 427
Depression of recombination pumped x-ray OFI-lasers by random plasma microfields. Recombination pumping of non-hydrogen-like ions	p. 431
Broadening and gain x-ray lasing transitions by random plasmas magnetic microfields	p. 435
Numerical investigation of the absorption of multipulse pumping	p. 439
A ray trace modelling for an inhomogeneous and heavily saturated laser amplifier	p. 443
Plasma fluctuations and amplified spontaneous emission	p. 447
The numerical simulation of melting and evaporation due to ultrashort-pulse laser irradiation	p. 451
Calculation of K-absorption edge in laser-shocked aluminum	p. 455
Diagnostics of x-ray lasers
High resolution x-ray spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas	p. 459
Spatially resolved high resolution spectroscopy of 4f-3d emission lines of Ni- and Co-like ions from Yb, Hf, Ta and W x-ray laser plasmas	p. 463
Spectroscopic studies of the Ne-like and F-like Ge resonance line spectra emitted from x-ray laser media	p. 467
KeV spectroscopic diagnostic for the performance of Ni-like x-ray lasers	p. 471
2D spatial gain profiles in multiple-pulse driven Ne-like Ge lasers	p. 475
Calibration of x-ray instruments for x-ray laser energy measurement	p. 479
Time-resolved imaging of intense laser pulse self-channelling	p. 483
Diagnostics of the effect of a low-level prepulse on a solid surface	p. 487
Measurement of preformed plasma parameters inside a micro-capillary tube	p. 491
Plasma plumes generated by laser ablation of capillaries	p. 495
Studies on gamma ray emission from the interaction between solid targets and femtosecond lasers	p. 499
Charge-exchange in colliding plasmas	p. 503
Alternative sources of high-brightness x-rays
The interaction of femtosecond, high-intensity laser pulses with clusters (Invited paper)	p. 507
Phase-matched high-order harmonic generation by guided intense femtosecond pulses (Invited paper)	p. 515
High-order harmonic generation in ionized gas media with a 45 fs intense laser source	p. 523
High-order harmonic generation from solid surface plasmas by a picosecond pulse laser	p. 527
ASE prepulse effects in high harmonic generation	p. 531
Prepulse effects on x-ray emission in keV and sub-keV ranges from Al plasma produced by femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses	p. 535
Enhancement of soft-x-ray emission from femtosecond laser-produced plasma with a rectangular groove target	p. 539
X-ray emission from laser-plasmas produced using a gas puff target	p. 543
Toward single pass FEL with SPring-8 Linac (Invited paper)	p. 547
The VUV FEL project at DESY: plans for improving the photon beam characteristics by feedback and seeding	p. 553
Coherent x-ray generation by new SUBARU, synchrotron radiation facility	p. 557
Generation of tunable radiation by photon acceleration in relativistic ionization fronts	p. 561
Short pulse x-ray generation via backward Thomson scattering on a relativistic electron beam	p. 565
Coherence theory
Calculations of properties of x-ray laser beams. Comparisons with experiments on polarization (Invited paper)	p. 569
Improvement of spatial coherence of an x-ray laser	p. 577
Determination of the x-ray laser coherence length	p. 581
Ray tracing modelling of double-pass x-ray lasers	p. 585
Numerical simulations of x-ray laser coherence build-up using a Maxwell-Bloch description	p. 589
X-ray optics
Sc-Si normal incidence mirrors for a VUV interval of 35-50 nm (Invited paper)	p. 593
High reflectance multilayer mirror for the water window region (Invited paper)	p. 601
Characteristics and thermal behaviour of Mo/Si multilayer soft-x-ray mirrors with interleaved barrier-layers	p. 605
Design of a VUV/soft-x-ray ellipsometry system that uses laser produced plasma x-rays	p. 609
Soft x-ray multilayer beamsplitter for x-ray laser application	p. 613
Brilliant resonant transition radiation x-rays focused by total reflection optics	p. 615
ELID (electrolytic in-process dressing) grinding technique for x-ray mirrors	p. 619
Ultraprecision mirror surface-finishing of x-ray mirrors with ELID grinding	p. 623
Aspherical form control for x-ray mirror substrates with ELID (electrolytic in-process dressing) grinding	p. 627
Ultraprecision polishing technique for x-ray mirrors	p. 631
Phase imaging with partially coherent x-rays	p. 633
Exploitation of x-ray in-line Gabor holography with a partially coherent source	p. 637
X-ray laser drivers
Pre-pulse free short-pulse KrF laser for x-ray laser pumping	p. 641
Design and performance of a 100 TW, sub-20 fs Ti:sapphire laser system	p. 645
Ultra-short pulse line focus travelling-wave implementation on the Vulcan laser	p. 649
New method of travelling wave generation and characterization for use on x-ray laser transient pumping experiments	p. 653
Applications of x-ray beams and high brightness x-ray sources
X-ray laser radiography of hydrodynamic perturbations due to laser imprint (Invited paper)	p. 657
Absorption of the neon-like bromine x-ray laser at 19.47 nm in helium	p. 665
Investigation of electric field induced surface phenomena by soft-x-ray laser interferometry	p. 669
Interferograms obtained with an x-ray laser by means of a wavefront division interferometer	p. 673
Experimental investigation of the x-ray laser focusability using a Bragg-Fresnel reflective lens	p. 677
X-ray microscopy using a soft-x-ray laser light source	p. 681
Formation of a sub-[mu]m x-ray beam from a tabletop soft-x-ray laser	p. 683
Near frequency doubling through four wave mixing in plasma	p. 687
KeV x-ray source toward 100 fs time-resolved x-ray applications (Invited paper)	p. 691
Fundamental research of subpicosecond time resolved x-ray diffractometry using an electron linac	p. 699
Special purpose computer for x-ray scattering analysis of macromolecules in Solution	p. 703
Application of laser plasma soft x-rays to material analysis	p. 707
Conceptional design of medical laser SR	p. 711
Author index	p. 715
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