Zinc Oxide Fundamentals, Materials and Device Technology

by Morkoç; , Hadis; Ö; zgü; r, Ü; mit

• ISBN13: 9783527408139
• ISBN10: 3527408134
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-02-17
• Publisher: Wiley-VCH

Summary

This reference covers the wide and rapidly growing field of biocatalysis. It combines complementary expertise from such areas as microbiology, enzymology, molecular biology structural biology and organic chemistry, thus highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of the subject. With its special focus on progress and new developments towards environmentally beneficial reactions with high levels of selectivity for the production of key compound classes, this book will enlighten both chemists and biologists as to the advances and opportunities existing in enzyme catalysis.

Author Biography

Hadis Morko+º received his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University. From 1978 to 1997 he was with the University of Illinois, then joined the newly established School of Engineering at the Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond. He and his group have been responsible for a number of advancements in GaN and devices based on them. Professor Morko+º has authored several books and numerous book chapters and articles. He serves or has served as a consultant to some 20 major industrial laboratories. Professor Morko+º is, among others, a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the Material Research Society, and of the Optical Society of America.

+£mit +ûzg++r is a research scientist in the Electrical Engineering Department at Virginia
Commonwealth University. He has received BS degrees in EE and physics from Bogazici
University, Turkey, and,in 2003, his Ph.D. degree from Duke University, where he has made many contributions to the understanding of ultrafast carrier dynamics in nitride heterostructures. Dr. +ûzg++r has authored over 50 scientific publications and several book chapters on growth, fabrication, and characterization of wide bandgap semiconductor materials and nanostructures based on group III-nitrides and ZnO. He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Physical Society.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. IX
General Properties of ZnO	p. 1
Crystal Structure	p. 1
Lattice Parameters	p. 12
Electronic Band Structure	p. 14
Mechanical Properties	p. 26
Vibrational Properties	p. 37
Thermal Properties	p. 49
Thermal Expansion coefficients	p. 50
Thermal Conductivity	p. 52
Specific Heat	p. 57
Pyroelectricity	p. 59
Electrical Properties of Undoped ZnO	p. 63
Low-Field Transport	p. 63
High-Field Transport	p. 69
References	p. 70
ZnO Growth	p. 77
Bulk Growth	p. 78
Substrates	p. 84
Sapphire Substrates for ZnO Epitaxy	p. 84
Other Substrates for ZnO Epitaxy (ScAlMgO4, CaF2, LiTaO3, LiNbO3)	p. 92
ZnO Homoepitaxy	p. 93
Epitaxial Growth Techniques	p. 94
RF Magnetron Sputtering	p. 94
Molecular Beam Epitaxy	p. 98
Growth on c-Plane Sapphire	p. 103
Growth on a-Plane Sapphire	p. 107
Growth on GaN Templates	p. 110
Growth on ZnO Substrates	p. 112
Pulsed Laser Deposition	p. 113
Chemical Vapor Deposition	p. 118
References	p. 123
optical Properties	p. 131
Optical Processes in Semiconductors	p. 132
Fundamentals of the Absorption and Emission Processes	p. 135
Optical Absorption and Emission in Semiconductors	p. 142
Band-to-Band Transitions	p. 151
Excitonic Transitions	p. 153
Optical Transitions in ZnO	p. 154
Free Excitons and Polaritons	p. 155
Bound Excitons	p. 164
Two-Electron Satellites in PL	p. 169
DAP and Shallow Acceptor-Bound Exciton Transitions and LO-Phonon Replicas in PL	p. 171
Temperature-Dependent PL Measurements	p. 174
Defects in ZnO	p. 177
Predictions from First Principles	p. 178
Defect-Related Optical Transitions in ZnO	p. 182
Green Luminescence Band	p. 183
Yellow Luminescence Band	p. 187
Red Luminescence Band	p. 188
Refractive Index of ZnO and MgZnO	p. 189
Stimulated Emission in ZnO	p. 195
Polycrystalline ZnO Films and "Random Lasers"	p. 202
Multiple Quantum Wells	p. 207
Recombination Dynamics in ZnO	p. 208
Nonlinear Optical Properties	p. 212
Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties	p. 217
Second-Harmonic Generation	p. 218
Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties	p. 224
Third Harmonic Generation	p. 226
Intensity Dependent Refractive Index	p. 229
Two-Photon Absorption	p. 232
References	p. 236
Doping of ZnO	p. 245
n-Type Doping	p. 246
p-Type Doping	p. 250
Nitrogen Doping	p. 252
Codoping Method	p. 259
Other Dopants in Group V	p. 264
Concluding Remarks on Reliability of p-Type ZnO	p. 266
References	p. 268
ZnO-Based Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors	p. 277
Doping with Transition Metals	p. 279
General Remarks About Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors	p. 284
Classification of Magnetic Materials	p. 284
A Brief Theory of Magnetization	p. 288
Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor Theoretical Aspects	p. 295
Measurements Techniques for Identification of Ferromagnetism	p. 297
Magnetic Interactions in DMS	p. 303
Carrier-Single Magnetic Ion Interaction	p. 304
Interaction Between Magnetic Ions	p. 305
Superexchange Mechanisim	p. 305
Blombergen-Rowland Mechanism	p. 306
Double Exchange Interaction	p. 307
Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida Mechanism	p. 308
Zener, Mean-Field, and Ab Initio Treatments	p. 309
Theoretical Studies on ZnO-Based Magnetic Semiconductors	p. 312
Experimental Results on ZnO-Based Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors	p. 318
Properties of Mn-Doped ZnO	p. 323
Properties of Co-Doped ZnO	p. 331
Other TM-Doped ZnO	p. 334
Magneto-Optical Properties of ZnO-Based DMSs	p. 339
References	p. 343
Bandgap Engineering	p. 351
MgxZn1-xO Alloy	p. 352
BexZn1-xO Alloy	p. 359
CdyZn1-yO Alloy	p. 360
References	p. 361
ZnO Nanostructures	p. 365
Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures	p. 365
Vapor-Liquid-Solid (Vapor Transport) Process	p. 365
Metalorganic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy and Molecular Beam Epitaxy	p. 373
Other Synthesis Methods	p. 380
Applications of ZnO Nanostructures	p. 381
References	p. 384
Processing, Devices, and Heterostructures	p. 387
A Primer to Semiconductor-Metal Contacts	p. 388
Thermionic Emission	p. 392
Thermionic-Field Emission	p. 395
Field Emission	p. 398
Leakage Current	p. 400
Ohmic Contacts to ZnO	p. 401
Schottky Contacts to ZnO	p. 405
Etching of ZnO	p. 408
Heterostructure Devices	p. 411
Light-Emitting Devices	p. 412
Microcavity Devices	p. 421
Optically Pumped Lasers	p. 427
Photodiodes	p. 428
Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Diodes	p. 430
Field Effect Transistors	p. 431
Transparent Conducting Oxides and Thin-Film Transistors	p. 441
Piezoelectric Devices	p. 446
Sensors and Solar Cells Based on ZnO Nanostructures	p. 452
Gas Sensors	p. 452
Bio Sensors	p. 453
Solar Cells	p. 454
Concluding Remarks	p. 455
References	p. 456
Index	p. 469
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.