Advocacy and Opposition : An Introduction to Argumentation

by Rybacki, Karyn Charles; Rybacki, Donald Jay

• ISBN13: 9780205488780
• ISBN10: 0205488781
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Advocacy and Opposition: An Introduction toArgumentationpresents a comprehensive and practical approach to argumentation and critical thinking for the beginner who needs to construct and present arguments on questions of fact, value, and policy. Advocacy and Oppositionoffers a theoretical view of the nature of argument in our society, a discussion of arguing as a form of communication, and a focus on how arguments are created using the Toulmin model of argument. By blending traditional and contemporary views on the nature of argument (including multicultural perspectives on the purpose and process of argument, ethics, and values),Advocacy and Oppositionmakes students more aware of both the development of theory and practice, providing a well-rounded approach to their study of argumentation.

Table of Contents

What is argumentation?

The nature of argumentation

The nature of the audience

The historical development of argumentation Ethical standards for argumentation

Where do I begin in argumentation?

Fields of argumentation Presumption Burden of proof

The prima facie case

What am I going to argue about?

The nature of propositions

The classification of propositions Phrasing the proposition

Defining key terms

How do I analyze propositions?

Locating the immediate cause Investigating the history

Defining key terms and creating the primary inference

Determining the issues

How is a unit of argument created?

The Toulmin model of argument

How do I prove my argument?

The discovery of evidence Types and tests of evidence

Recording evidence

How do I reason with my audience?

Argument from cause

Argument from sign Argument from generalization

Argument from parallel case Argument from analogy

Argument from authority Argument from dilemma

What should I avoid?

Fallacies of reasoning Fallacies of appeal

Fallacies of language

How are factual propositions argued?

Advocating propositions of fact Opposing propositions of fact

How are value propositions argued?

Values in conflict Advocating propositions of value Opposing propositions of value

How are policy propositions argued?

Advocating propositions of policy Opposing propositions of policy

How do I present my arguments to an audience?

Audience analysis Language choice and style

Delivery techniques Building credibility with an audience

What are the rules of the game?

Debate formats Speaker responsibilities Flow sheeting

How do I write an argumentative brief?

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