Behavior Principles in Everyday Life

by Baldwin, John D.; Baldwin, Janice I.

• ISBN13: 9780130840967
• ISBN10: 0130840963
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL

Summary

The text provides a comprehensive review of the major principles of behavior in operand conditioning. Pavlovian conditioning, social learning theory, and cognitive behaviorism. The text's strength is its emphasis on understanding behavior principles and their applications through everyday, life examples rather than experiments.

Table of Contents

Preface	vi
1 Science and Human Behavior	1	(12)
The Behavior of Everyday Life	1	(1)
Behavioral Definition	2	(2)
Behavior Modification	4	(3)
Illness or Wellness?	7	(1)
Learning: Natural or Planned?	8	(3)
Where Next?	11	(2)
Conclusion	12	(1)
Questions	12	(1)
Notes	12	(1)
2 Pavlovian Conditioning	13	(27)
Forming Associations	13	(1)
Two Type of Reflexes	14	(2)
Common Conditioned Responses	16	(7)
Eight Determinants of Strong Conditioning	23	(3)
Extinction	26	(5)
Higher Order Conditioning	31	(3)
Counterconditioning	34	(6)
Conclusion	37	(1)
Questions	37	(1)
Notes	38	(2)
3 Operant Conditioning	40	(33)
Operating	40	(5)
Reinforcement	45	(12)
Extinction	57	(5)
Punishment	62	(6)
Discontinuation of Punishment	68	(1)
Timing and Contingency of Consequences	69	(4)
Conclusion	71	(1)
Questions	71	(1)
Notes	72	(1)
4 Pavlovian and Operant Conditioning Together	73	(10)
Pavlovian and Operant Intertwined	73	(1)
The Differences	74	(2)
Pavlovian and Operant Interactions	76	(7)
Conclusion	81	(1)
Questions	81	(1)
Notes	81	(2)
5 The Stimulus Collage	83	(26)
Life's a 3D Collage	83	(1)
Multiple Antecedent Stimuli	84	(5)
Operant Generalization	89	(5)
Operant Discrimination	94	(3)
Pavlovian Generalization	97	(2)
Pavlovian Discrimination	99	(1)
The Role of Words in the Stimulus Collage	100	(4)
Behavior Modification	104	(5)
Conclusion	106	(1)
Questions	107	(1)
Notes	107	(2)
6 Behavior Modification	109	(29)
Sonya Gets Physical	109	(1)
Behavior Modification	110	(3)
Behavioral Definitions	113	(3)
Functional Analysis	116	(1)
Various Objective Measures	117	(3)
Data Collection	120	(3)
Experimental Designs	123	(10)
Evaluation	133	(5)
Conclusion	135	(1)
Questions	135	(1)
Notes	136	(2)
7 Primary Reinforcers and Punishers	138	(34)
No Pain, No Gain	138	(1)
Biologically Important Stimuli	139	(2)
Unconditioned Stimuli	141	(5)
Modifying Primary Consequences	146	(4)
The Premack Principle	150	(1)
Sensory Stimulation	151	(21)
Conclusion	168	(1)
Questions	169	(1)
Notes	169	(3)
8 Secondary Reinforcers and Punishers	172	(28)
Ralph Lauren and Hara-Kiri	172	(1)
The Conditioning Process	173	(1)
Predictive Stimuli	174	(8)
Social Reinforcers and Punishers	182	(3)
Tokens as Reinforcers and Punishers	185	(2)
Generalized Reinforcers and Punishers	187	(2)
Chains of Operants	189	(11)
Conclusion	197	(1)
Questions	198	(1)
Notes	198	(2)
9 Differential Reinforcement and Shaping	200	(28)
A Ball of Clay	200	(1)
Differential Reinforcement	201	(7)
Response Generalization	208	(3)
Shaping	211	(13)
Behavior Modification	224	(4)
Conclusion	225	(1)
Questions	226	(1)
Notes	226	(2)
10 Modeling and Observational Learning	228	(25)
Do as the Romans	228	(1)
Models	229	(3)
Pavlovian Conditioning	232	(3)
Operant Behavior	235	(11)
Mass Media Modeling	246	(3)
Behavior Modification	249	(4)
Conclusion	250	(1)
Questions	250	(1)
Notes	251	(2)
11 Prompts and Fading	253	(7)
Life Is a Stage	253	(1)
Prompts and Fading	254	(4)
Behavior Modification	258	(2)
Conclusion	259	(1)
Questions	259	(1)
Notes	259	(1)
12 Rules	260	(18)
Little Voices?	260	(1)
Symbolic Information	261	(1)
Rule Use is Learned	262	(2)
The SDs for Following Rules	264	(2)
Explicit Versus Implicit Rules	266	(1)
On Rule Giving	267	(3)
Tacit and Explicit Knowledge	270	(4)
Behavior Modification	274	(4)
Conclusion	275	(1)
Questions	276	(1)
Notes	276	(2)
13 Schedules	278	(35)
Luck Can Change Your Life	278	(1)
The Ever-Present Effects of Schedules	279	(2)
Ratio Schedules	281	(6)
Interval Schedules	287	(1)
Schedule Effects	288	(7)
Differential Reinforcment Schedules	295	(3)
Compound Schedules	298	(7)
Noncontingent (Response-Independent) Schedules	305	(3)
Loosely Defined Contingencies of Reinforcement	308	(5)
Conclusion	310	(1)
Questions	310	(1)
Notes	311	(2)
14 Positive and Negative Control	313	(18)
Dragons and Dungeons	313	(1)
Humanistic Applications	314	(1)
Desirable Behavior	315	(4)
Undesirable Behavior	319	(4)
Alternative to Punishment	323	(8)
Conclusion	329	(1)
Question	329	(1)
Notes	329	(2)
15 Thinking, the Self, and Self-Control	331	(30)
Self-Efficacy	331	(1)
Thinking Is Behavior	332	(1)
Operant Conditioning of Thoughts	333	(3)
Pavlovian Conditioning of Thoughts	336	(3)
SDs and Thoughts	339	(1)
The Stream of Consciousness	340	(6)
Attaching Meaning	346	(3)
The Self	349	(3)
Self-Control	352	(9)
Conclusion	358	(1)
Questions	358	(1)
Notes	359	(2)
References	361	(19)
Name Index	380	(3)
Subject Index	383