China's Political System : Modernization and Tradition

by Dreyer, June Teufel

• ISBN13: 9780205707454
• ISBN10: 0205707459
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Chinars"s Political Systemexamines how the government of China is affected by ongoing efforts to harmonize its unique culture with external influences and ideas. Highly respected area specialist June Teufel Dreyer offers expert analysis of the historical context and current trends to show how this transition is impacting Chinars"s economic, legal, military, social, and cultural institutions. Throughout the text, Dreyer challenges students to think about the broader problem of governance in China by comprehensively showing how both the past and the present influence leaders, citizens, ethnic minorities, and policies and by incisively considering the different futures of Chinars"s political system.

Table of Contents

Illustrations	p. xv
Preface	p. xvi
About the Author	p. xix
Political Map of China	p. xx
Introducation	p. 1
Modernization and Chinese Civilization	p. 1
Theories of Analysis of Chinese Politics	p. 8
Theoretical Analysis in the Early Years of the PRC	p. 10
Theories Engendered by the Cultural Revolution	p. 15
Post-Mao Theories of Analysis	p. 21
Conclusions	p. 23
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 24
The Chinese Tradition	p. 25
Basic Characteristics	p. 25
The Governmental Structure of Traditional China	p. 31
The Examination System	p. 35
Literature and Art	p. 36
The Role of Law in Traditional China	p. 36
The Military	p. 38
The Barbarian Problem	p. 39
Interpretations of Chinese History	p. 39
Implications for Industrialization	p. 42
Conclusions	p. 46
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 46
Reformers, Warlords, and Communists	p. 47
The New Invasion	p. 47
The Self-Strengthening Movement	p. 49
Reform and Revolution	p. 53
The Reformers	p. 54
The Reactionaries	p. 55
The Revolutionaries	p. 56
The Kuomintang	p. 61
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 65
The Communist Road to Power	p. 66
The Early Years: 1919-1923	p. 66
The Period of Soviet Control: 1923-1931	p. 68
The Jiangxi Soviet: 1931-1934	p. 70
The Long March: 1934-1935	p. 72
The Xi'an Incident: 1936	p. 75
The Second United Front: 1936-1941	p. 76
Civil War and Victory: 1941-1949	p. 82
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 84
PRC Politics under Mao: 1949-1976	p. 85
Consolidation of Power: 1949-1955	p. 85
Establishing the Organs of Power	p. 89
The Hundred Flowers Period: 1956-1957	p. 94
The Great Leap Forward and Its Aftermath: 1958-1961	p. 97
The Socialist Education Movement: 1962-1966	p. 102
The Cultural Revolution: 1966-1976	p. 104
The Years of Upheaval: 1966-1969	p. 104
Reconstruction: 1970-1976	p. 109
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 112
PRC Politics in the Post-Mao Era: 1976-2008	p. 113
Interregnum: 1976-1978	p. 113
Deng Ascendant	p. 116
The Legacy of Mao	p. 119
Political Realignment and Policy Readjustment	p. 120
The Tiananmen Demonstrations. 1989	p. 129
The "Third Generation": China under Jiang Zemin	p. 134
The Three Represents	p. 136
Civie Organizations	p. 136
Changing Central-Local Relationships	p. 137
The "Fourth Generation" Assumes Power	p. 141
Conclusions	p. 145
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 147
The Politics of the Economy	p. 148
Introduction	p. 148
The Early Years: 1949-1950	p. 149
The Socialist Transformation of Agriculture: 1949-1978	p. 150
Industrial Policy in the Maoist Era	p. 155
Maoist Economic Policies Assessed	p. 156
Economic Policy under Deng Xiaoping	p. 158
Agricultural Reforms	p. 158
The Private Sector	p. 161
More Responsibility for State Enterprises	p. 162
Reforming the Price System	p. 163
Reforming the Reforms	p. 165
New Problems for Deng's Successors	p. 169
Future Concerns	p. 173
Conclusions	p. 176
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 177
Crime and Punishment: The Legal System of the PRC	p. 178
Less than Peaceful Coexistence of the Societal and Jural Models: 1949-1953	p. 179
The Jural Model in Ascendance: 1954-1957	p. 180
Resurgence of the Societal Model: 1957-1965	p. 182
The Societal Model Rampant: 1966-1976	p. 183
Law and Justice in the Post-Mao Era: Return to the Jural Model	p. 185
The New Legal System	p. 186
Legal Developments	p. 188
The Trial Process	p. 189
Mediation	p. 191
Petitions	p. 193
The Penal System	p. 193
Conclusions	p. 202
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 203
The Role of the Military	p. 204
Party and Army	p. 204
Assessing the Maoist Model	p. 207
The Influence of the Korean War on the PLA	p. 208
The Revolt Against Professionalism	p. 210
Professionalism Returns	p. 216
The Effect of the June Fourth Incident on the PLA	p. 220
The Military under Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao	p. 222
Conclusions	p. 227
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 228
Education	p. 229
Devising a System	p. 229
The Drive for Egalitarianism and Fall Back Toward Expertise	p. 232
Redness Revisited: The Cultural Revolution	p. 233
Egalitarians versus Experts: The Search for a Synthesis	p. 236
The Search for Academic Excellence	p. 237
Conclusions	p. 248
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 251
Quality-of-Life Issues: Health, Demography, and the Environment	p. 252
Health	p. 252
Demography	p. 260
The Environment	p. 269
Conclusions	p. 275
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 276
Conformity and Dissent: The Arts, the Media, and Social Control	p. 277
Artist and Society in China	p. 277
The Party, Art, and Social Protest	p. 278
Post-1949 Control Mechanisms	p. 279
Repression and Reaction	p. 281
Culture and the Cultural Revolution	p. 283
The Arts under Deng Xiaoping	p. 285
Restrained Dissent	p. 285
Protest Gains Momentum	p. 286
Experimenting with Capitalism in the Arts	p. 288
The Campaign Against Spiritual Pollution	p. 288
Looming Confrontation	p. 289
The Tiananmen Demonstrations and Their Aftermath	p. 290
Expression, Repression, and Social Control	p. 291
Conclusions	p. 297
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 298
Ethnic Minorities and National Integration	p. 299
China's Minority Peoples	p. 299
Ethnicity in Communist Ideology	p. 303
Minorities Policy in Practice	p. 304
The Early Years: 1949-1957	p. 304
The Great Leap Forward and Its Aftermath: 1959-1965	p. 309
The Cultural Revolution: 1966-1971	p. 312
Return to Pluralism: 1971-1977	p. 313
Post-Mao Minorities Policy	p. 314
Reform Produces Problems	p. 315
External Factors	p. 317
Repression Increases	p. 318
Genuine Autonomy as a Possible Solution	p. 323
Conclusions	p. 325
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 326
Foreign Policy	p. 327
Determinants	p. 327
Tradition	p. 327
Ideology	p. 329
Capabilities	p. 330
Goals	p. 331
The Formulation of Foreign Policy	p. 331
Chinese Foreign Relations: An Overview	p. 334
The "Lean to One Side" Policy: 1949-1954	p. 334
The Bandung spirit: 1954-1957	p. 337
Resurgent Nationalism and Isolation: 1957-1969	p. 339
Global Power Politics: 1969-Present	p. 343
Triangular Politics 1969-1989	p. 343
Counterbalancing the Sole Superpower: 1989-Present	p. 348
Post-9/11 Developments	p. 350
Conclusions	p. 353
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 355
Conclusions	p. 356
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 366
Useful Websites	p. 367
Index	p. 369
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