Computers And Technology In A Changing Society, 1st Edition

by Morley

• ISBN13: 9780619162016
• ISBN10: 0619162015
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-12-31
• Publisher: Course Technology

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Introduction to Computers and Technology	2	(34)
Overview	3	(1)
Computers in Your Life	4	(3)
Why Learn About Computers?	4	(1)
How Are Computers Used Today?	4	(1)
At Home	4	(1)
In Education	5	(1)
In the Workplace	6	(1)
On the Go	6	(1)
What Is a Computer?	7	(13)
Computers Then and Now	8	(1)
Pre-Computers and Early Computers (before Approximately 1945)	9	(1)
First Generation (Approximately 1946--1957)	9	(1)
Second Generation (Approximately 1958--1963)	9	(1)
Third Generation (Approximately 1964-1970)	9	(1)
Fourth Generation (Approximately 1971--present)	10	(1)
Fifth Generation (Now and the Future)	10	(1)
Hardware	10	(1)
Input Devices	11	(1)
Processing Devices	11	(1)
Output Devices	12	(1)
Storage Devices	12	(1)
Communications Devices	13	(1)
Software	13	(1)
Operating Systems	13	(1)
Application Software	13	(2)
Programming, Markup, and Scripting Languages	15	(2)
Computer Networks and the Internet	17	(3)
Basic Types of Computers	20	(4)
Mobile Communications Devices	21	(1)
Personal Computers	21	(1)
Desktop and Portable PCs	21	(2)
Network Computers, Thin Clients, and Internet Appliances	23	(1)
Midrange Servers	23	(1)
Mainframe Computers	24	(1)
Supercomputers	24	(1)
Computers, Technology, and Society	24	(4)
Benefits of a Computer-Oriented Society	25	(1)
Risks of a Computer-Oriented Society	25	(3)
Summary	28	(2)
Balancing Act---New Technology: Benefits vs. Risks	30	(1)
Key Terms	31	(1)
Self-Quiz	32	(1)
Projects	33
CHAPTER BOXES
Trends In...Personal Biometrics	12	(6)
A Closer Look At...College Portals	18	(8)
How To...Buy and Set Up a New PC	26	(10)
A Closer Look at Hardware and Software	36	(36)
Overview	37	(1)
Data, Information, and Data Representation	38	(1)
Data vs. Information	38	(1)
Bits, Bytes, and Coding Systems	38	(1)
Bits	38	(1)
Bytes	38	(1)
Coding Systems	38	(1)
Input Hardware	39	(7)
Keyboards	39	(1)
Pointing Devices	39	(1)
The Mouse	40	(1)
Electronic Pens	41	(2)
Other Pointing Devices	43	(1)
Scanners and Digital Cameras	43	(1)
Scanners	43	(3)
Digital Cameras	46	(1)
Other Input Devices	46	(1)
Processing Hardware and Other Hardware inside the System Unit	46	(3)
The Motherboard	46	(1)
The Central Processing Unit (CPU)	47	(1)
Memory	48	(1)
Output Hardware	49	(3)
Monitors and Other Display Devices	49	(1)
Printers	50	(1)
Ink-Jet Printers	50	(1)
Laser Printers	51	(1)
Other Output Devices	51	(1)
Storage Hardware	52	(6)
Storage System Characteristics	52	(1)
Storage Medium vs. Storage Device	52	(1)
Magnetic Disks vs. Optical Discs	53	(1)
Removable Media vs. Fixed Media	53	(1)
Floppy Disks	53	(1)
CDs and DVDs	54	(1)
Read-Only Discs: CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs	54	(1)
Recordable Discs: CD-Rs and DVD-Rs	55	(1)
Rewritable Discs: CD-RW and DVD+RW	55	(1)
Miniature Discs	55	(1)
Other Removable Media	56	(1)
High-Capacity Removable Disks	56	(1)
Flash Memory Media	56	(1)
Smart Cards	56	(1)
Hard Drives	57	(1)
Remote Storage Systems	57	(1)
Choosing among Storage Alternatives	58	(1)
Communications Hardware	58	(1)
Software Basics	59	(5)
What Are Files and Folders?	59	(1)
Starting a Program	59	(1)
The User Interface	60	(1)
Common Software Commands	61	(3)
Summary	64	(2)
Balancing Act---Open Source Software: Will It Promote or Hinder Software Development?	66	(1)
Key Terms	67	(1)
Self-Quiz	68	(1)
Projects	69
CHAPTER BOXES
A Closer Look At...Wired Doctors	42	(3)
Trends In...Smart Bar Codes	45	(17)
How to...Manage Your Files	62	(10)
A Quick Tour of Cyberspace	72	(42)
Overview	73	(1)
What Are the Internet and World Wide Web?	74	(3)
The Internet	74	(1)
The World Wide Web	74	(1)
Internet Addresses	74	(1)
IP Addresses and Domain Names	75	(1)
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)	75	(1)
E-Mail Addresses	76	(1)
Pronouncing Internet Addresses	77	(1)
What Can the Internet Be Used For?	77	(11)
Information Publishing/Information Retrieval	77	(2)
E-Mail and Other Types of Online Communications	79	(2)
Online Shopping and E-Commerce	81	(1)
Online Shopping	81	(1)
Online Auctions	82	(1)
Online Banking	82	(1)
Online Investing	82	(2)
Entertainment	84	(1)
Online Music	84	(1)
Online TV and Videos	85	(1)
Online Gaming	86	(1)
Web-Based Training and Distance Learning	86	(1)
Telecommuting	87	(1)
How Can I Access and Use the Internet?	88	(12)
Types of Internet Connections	89	(1)
Dial-Up Connections	89	(2)
Direct Connections	91	(1)
Selecting an ISP and Setting Up Your PC	92	(1)
Surfing the Web	93	(2)
Using URLs and Hyperlinks	95	(2)
Using Bookmarks and the History List	97	(1)
Sending and Receiving E-Mail	98	(1)
Sending E-mail	98	(1)
Receiving E-mail	98	(2)
Societal Implications of Cyberspace	100	(6)
Security	100	(1)
Privacy	100	(1)
Differences in Online Communication	100	(2)
The Anonymity Factor	102	(1)
Information Integrity	103	(3)
Summary	106	(2)
Balancing Act--Real Self vs. Virtual Self	108	(1)
Key Terms	109	(1)
Self-Quiz	110	(1)
Projects	111
CHAPTER BOXES
A Closer Look At...Online Voting	83	(7)
Trends In...Smart Appliances	90	(14)
How to...Search the Web	104	(10)
Computers and Security	114	(44)
Overview	115	(1)
Security Concerns	116	(11)
Hardware Theft, Damage, and System Failure	116	(1)
Hardware Theft	116	(1)
Hardware Damage	116	(1)
System Failure and Other Types of Disasters	116	(1)
Unauthorized Access and Use	117	(1)
Hacking	117	(1)
Interception of Communications and Transmissions	118	(1)
Computer Sabotage	119	(1)
Computer Viruses and Other Types of Malware	119	(2)
Denial of Service Attacks	121	(1)
Data or Program Alteration	122	(1)
Online Theft, Fraud, and Other Dot Cons	122	(1)
Identity Theft	122	(1)
Theft of Data, Information, and Other Resources	123	(1)
Online Auction Fraud	124	(1)
Internet Offer Scams	124	(1)
Software Piracy and Digital Counterfeiting	125	(1)
Software Piracy	125	(1)
Digital Counterfeiting	125	(1)
Personal Safety Issues	126	(1)
Cyberstalking	126	(1)
Online Pornography	126	(1)
Security Safeguards	127	(19)
Protection against Hardware Theft, Damage, and Failure	127	(1)
Door and Computer Equipment Locks	127	(1)
Proper Hardware Care	128	(1)
Backups and Disaster Preparedness	129	(2)
Protection against Unauthorized Access and Use	131	(1)
Possessed Knowledge Systems	131	(1)
Possessed Object Systems	132	(1)
Biometric Systems	132	(2)
Firewalls and Other Crime-Prevention Software	134	(2)
Protection against Interception of Data and Communications	136	(1)
Secure Web Servers	136	(1)
E-Mail and File Encryption	136	(3)
Digital Signatures	139	(1)
Digital Certificates	139	(1)
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	140	(1)
Protection against Computer Viruses and Other Types of Sabotage	140	(2)
Protection against Online Theft, Fraud, and Other Dot Cons	142	(1)
Protecting against Identity Theft	142	(1)
Protecting against Online Auction Fraud and Other Dot Cons	142	(1)
Protection against Software Piracy and Digital Counterfeiting	143	(1)
Education, Holograms, and Other Anti-Piracy Tools	143	(1)
Preventing Digital Counterfeiting	144	(1)
Protection against Cyberstalking and Other Personal Safety Concerns	145	(1)
Safety Tips for Adults	145	(1)
Safety Tips for Children	145	(1)
Protection against Security Breaches by Employees	145	(1)
Screen Potential New Hires Carefully	145	(1)
Watch for Disgruntled Employees and Ex-Employees	145	(1)
Develop Policies and Controls	146	(1)
Ask Business Partners to Review their Security	146	(1)
Computer Crime Legislation	146	(4)
Summary	150	(2)
Balancing Act---Security vs. Personal Freedom	152	(1)
Key Terms	153	(1)
Self-Quiz	154	(1)
Projects	155
CHAPTER BOXES
Trends In...Smart Cards on Campus	133	(2)
A Closer Look At...Biometrics and Crime Prevention	135	(13)
How to...Protect Your PC	148	(10)
Computers and Privacy	158	(36)
Overview	159	(1)
Privacy Concerns	160	(14)
Web Browsing Privacy	160	(1)
Cookies	160	(3)
Web Bugs	163	(1)
Spyware	163	(1)
E-mail Privacy	164	(1)
Databases and Electronic Profiling	164	(3)
Spam and Other Marketing Activities	167	(1)
Electronic Surveillance and Monitoring	168	(1)
Computer Monitoring Software	168	(3)
Employee Monitoring	171	(1)
Video Surveillance	172	(1)
Presence Technology	172	(2)
Privacy Safeguards	174	(8)
Protection of Web Browsing and E-mail Privacy	174	(1)
Cookie, Spyware, and Web Bug Control	174	(1)
Anonymous Web Browsing	175	(1)
E-mail Privacy Protection	176	(1)
Protection of Personal Information	176	(1)
Safeguard Your E-mail Address	176	(1)
Be Cautious of Revealing Personal Information	177	(1)
Dealing with Spam and Other Marketing Activities	178	(3)
Filtering Out Objectionable Content	181	(1)
Protection of Workplace Privacy	181	(1)
Employee Policies	182	(1)
Separate Business and Personal Activities	182	(1)
Privacy Legislation	182	(4)
Summary	186	(2)
Balancing Act---Personal Privacy vs. the Government's Right to Know	188	(1)
Key Terms	189	(1)
Self-Quiz	190	(1)
Projects	191
CHAPTER BOXES
A Closer Look At...The FBI's Carnivore Program	170	(9)
Trends In...Digital Identification	179	(5)
How To...Encrypt E-mail Messages and Files	184	(10)
Ethics and Intellectual Property Rights	194	(32)
Overview	195	(1)
What Are Intellectual Property Rights?	196	(4)
Copyrights	196	(1)
Trademarks	197	(2)
Patents	199	(1)
What Are Ethics?	200	(14)
Ethical Use of Copyrighted Material	200	(1)
Software	200	(3)
Books and Web-Based Articles	203	(1)
Music	204	(2)
Movies	206	(1)
Ethical Use of Resources and Information	207	(1)
Ethical Use of School or Company Resources	207	(1)
Ethical Use of Employee and Customer Information	208	(1)
Cheating and Falsifying Information	208	(1)
Computer Hoaxes and Digital Manipulation	209	(1)
Computer Hoaxes	210	(1)
Digital Manipulation	210	(1)
Ethical Business Practices and Decision-Making	211	(1)
Fraudulent Reporting and Other Scandalous Activities	211	(1)
Ethically Questionable Products or Services	212	(1)
Vaporware and Other Ethically Questionable Misinformation	212	(1)
Workplace Monitoring	213	(1)
Cultural Considerations	213	(1)
Related Legislation	214	(4)
Summary	218	(2)
Balancing Act---Government Protection vs. Government Censorship	220	(1)
Key Terms	221	(1)
Self-Quiz	222	(1)
Projects	223
CHAPTER BOXES
Trends In...Peer-to-Peer File Sharing	198	(7)
A Closer Look At...Digital Copy Protection	205	(11)
How To...Create Legal Data or Music CDs	216	(10)
Health, Access, and the Environment	226	(32)
Overview	227	(1)
Staying Healthy at Home and on the Job	228	(9)
Physical Health	228	(1)
What Is Ergonomics?	228	(1)
Workspace Design	228	(3)
Ergonomic Hardware	231	(1)
Good User Habits and Precautions	232	(1)
Emotional Health	233	(1)
Stress of Ever-Changing Technology	233	(2)
Impact of Our 24/7 Society	235	(1)
Information Overload	235	(1)
Burnout	236	(1)
Computer and Internet Addiction	236	(1)
Is There Equal Access to Technology?	237	(7)
The Digital Divide	237	(1)
The U.S. Digital Divide	238	(1)
The Global Digital Divide	239	(2)
Assistive Technology	241	(1)
Assistive Input Devices	241	(1)
Assistive Output Devices	242	(1)
Impact on Web Page Design	243	(1)
Environmental Concerns	244	(6)
Green Computing	244	(1)
Recycling and Disposal of Computing Equipment	245	(5)
Summary	250	(2)
Balancing Act---Internet Access: Luxury or Necessity?	252	(1)
Key Terms	253	(1)
Self-Quiz	254	(1)
Projects	255
CHAPTER BOXES
A Closer Look At...The Dot Com Fallout	234	(12)
Trends In...Electronic Paper	246	(2)
How To...Use the Windows Accessibility Options	248	(10)
Emerging Technologies	258	(31)
Overview	259	(1)
The PC of the Future	260	(4)
Nanotechnology	260	(1)
Quantum and Optical Computers	261	(1)
Quantum Computers	261	(1)
Optical Computers	262	(1)
Holographic and Multilayer Storage	262	(1)
Greener Hardware	263	(1)
Artificial Intelligence (AI)	264	(6)
What Is Artificial Intelligence?	264	(1)
AI Applications	264	(1)
Intelligent Agents	265	(1)
Natural Language Systems	265	(1)
Expert Systems	266	(2)
Neural Networks	268	(1)
Robotics	269	(1)
Virtual Reality (VR)	270	(2)
What Is Virtual Reality?	270	(1)
VR Applications	270	(2)
Technological Advances in Medicine	272	(3)
Electronic Implants	272	(1)
Robot-Assisted Surgery	273	(1)
Telemedicine	273	(2)
Technological Advances in the Military	275	(2)
Smart Guns, Bullets, and Bombs	275	(1)
Surveillance Tools	276	(1)
Improved Uniforms and Gear	276	(1)
Societal Implications of Emerging Technology	277	(3)
Summary	280	(2)
Balancing Act---Ubiquitous Computing vs. Big Brother	282	(1)
Key Terms	283	(1)
Self-Quiz	284	(1)
Projects	285
CHAPTER BOXES
Trends In...Wearable PCs	261	(7)
A Closer Look At...Animated Anchors	268	(10)
How To...Download and Install New Browser Plug-ins	278	(11)
Answers to Self-Quiz	289	(1)
Credits	290	(2)
Glossary/Index	292