Drugs and Human Behavior

by Grilly, David M.

• ISBN13: 9780205318315
• ISBN10: 0205318312
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

A valuable resource for any student majoring in the health sciences, Dr. Grilly's text examines human drug use from historical, societal, and biological perspectives. This scholarly overview provides a rich foundation for understanding drugs and their usage. In addition to describing basic pharmacological principles, Grilly discusses the general factors behind and approaches for dealing with drug tolerance, dependence, and abuse. By using the most up-to-date research, and by presenting data in concise, jargon-free prose, the author has created one of the most comprehensive and accessible books on the subject. Information is organized from the general to the specific, beginning with a historical perspective and subsequently moving through drug classifications, approaches to drug tolerance, dependence and abuse, psychological and behavioral effects, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, common side effects, and current issues regarding drugs and their uses.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Psychopharmacology in Perspective	1	(19)
A Historical Overview of Psychopharmacology	2	(1)
Predecessors to Modern Pharmacotherapies	3	(3)
The Psychopharmacological Revolution	6	(2)
Recreational and Social Drug Use	8	(9)
Websites for Further Information	17	(1)
Bibliography	18	(2)
Basic Principles of Pharmacology	20	(16)
Drugs and Receptors	22	(3)
Dose--Response Relationships	25	(6)
Drug Interactions	31	(3)
Websites for Further Information	34	(1)
Bibliography	35	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	36	(18)
Drug Absorption	36	(2)
Routes of Administration	38	(4)
Drug Distribution	42	(3)
Metabolism	45	(4)
Drug Excretion	49	(1)
Implications of Pharmacokinetics in the Fetus and Neonate	50	(2)
Websites for Further Information	52	(1)
Bibliography	52	(2)
Conduction and Neurotransmission	54	(24)
The Neuron	55	(1)
Conduction	56	(6)
Neurotransmission	62	(6)
Autoreceptors and Presynaptic Receptors	68	(6)
Nonsynaptic Diffusion Neurotransmission	74	(1)
Websites for Further Information	75	(1)
Bibliography	76	(2)
Neuroactive Ligands and the Nervous System	78	(24)
Neurotransmitters, Neuromodulators, and Neurohormones	78	(2)
Specific Neurotransmitters	80	(8)
Neurotransmitters and Diet	88	(2)
Structures and Subsystems of the Nervous System	90	(7)
Drugs, the Nervous System, and Behavior: A Perspective	97	(2)
Websites for Further Information	99	(1)
Bibliography	99	(3)
Tolerance and Dependence	102	(32)
What Is Tolerance?	102	(1)
Tolerance Mechanisms	103	(11)
What Is Dependence?	114	(11)
General Factors in Treatment for Drug Dependency	125	(3)
State-Dependent Learning	128	(1)
Websites for Further Information	129	(1)
Bibliography	130	(4)
Psychotropic Drug Classification	134	(12)
Molecular Structure--Activity Relationships	134	(2)
Depressant versus Stimulant Classifications	136	(2)
Drug Use Classification	138	(5)
Schedule-Controlled Drugs	143	(2)
Websites for Further Information	145	(1)
Bibliography	145	(1)
Sedative--Hypnotics and Anxiolytics	146	(47)
Alcohol (Ethanol)	147	(23)
Barbiturates and Other Sedative--Hypnotics	170	(2)
Inhalants: Anesthetic Gases and Solvents	172	(1)
Anxiolytics	172	(6)
Buspirone	178	(1)
Antidepressants as Anxiolytics	179	(2)
Kava---An Herbal Anxiolytic?	181	(1)
Sedative--Hypnotics and Insomnia	181	(2)
Websites for Further Information	183	(1)
Bibliography	184	(9)
Psychostimulants	193	(45)
Caffeine	194	(3)
Amphetamines and Related Drugs	197	(8)
Cocaine	205	(10)
Methcathinone	215	(1)
Treatment of Cocaine and Amphetamine Abuse	216	(3)
Nicotine	219	(5)
Convulsants	224	(1)
Antidepressants	225	(1)
Pemoline	225	(1)
Modafinil	225	(1)
Psychostimulants, Learning, and Memory	226	(3)
Website for Further Information	229	(1)
Bibliography	229	(9)
Opioids (Narcotics) and Their Antagonists	238	(25)
Endogenous Opioid Peptides and Their Receptors	239	(1)
Typical Opiates	240	(1)
Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Opiates	241	(3)
Opioid Pharmacodynamics	244	(1)
Tolerance and Dependence on Opiates	245	(3)
Treatment for Opiate Dependence	248	(5)
The ``Overdose'' Phenomenon	253	(2)
Legal Factors in the Narcotics Problem	255	(2)
Opiate Antagonists: Potential Uses	257	(2)
Websites for Further Information	259	(1)
Bibliography	259	(4)
Psychotomimetics, Psychedelics, and Hallucinogens	263	(42)
Some General Characteristics of P/P/Hs	264	(2)
Monoamine-Related P/P/Hs	266	(10)
Cannabinoids	276	(13)
Dissociative Anesthetics: Phencyclidine and Ketamine	289	(5)
Anticholinergics	294	(2)
Ibogaine	296	(1)
P/P/Hs: The Human Experience	297	(1)
Websites for Further Information	298	(1)
Bibliography	299	(6)
Antipsychotics	305	(28)
Biochemical Hypotheses of Schizophrenia	306	(8)
Present-Day Antipsychotics	314	(13)
Current Pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia	327	(1)
Websites for Further Information	328	(1)
Bibliography	328	(5)
Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers	333	(33)
Biochemical Hypotheses of Affective Disorders	334	(5)
Pharmacotherapy for Depression	339	(14)
Pharmacotherapy in Mania and Bipolar Illnesses	353	(6)
Nondrug Treatments for Depression	359	(1)
Websites for Further Information	360	(1)
Bibliography	360	(6)
Pharmacotherapy for Miscellaneous Mental Disorders	366	(41)
Disorders in Children	366	(14)
Parkinson's Disease	380	(4)
Tourette's Syndrome	384	(1)
Epilepsy	385	(4)
Geriatric Psychopharmacology	389	(5)
Sexual Dysfunction	394	(2)
Eating Disorders	396	(2)
Websites for Further Information	398	(1)
Bibliography	398	(9)
Drug Name Index	407	(2)
Index	409