An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps

by Bennison, George M.; Moseley, Keith A.

• ISBN13: 9780340809563
• ISBN10: 0340809566
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-10-16
• Publisher: Hodder Education Publishers

Summary

A concise text that leads students in easy stages from the simplest ideas on geological structures right through to more advanced geological mapping technique. This considerably enlarged seventh edition aims to make the book even more user friendly and bring it into line with present trends in map syllabuses. This edition includes photographs that will significantly add to the understanding of geological structures already illustrated by text figures and block diagrams in the appendix.

Table of Contents

List of plates	viii
Preface to the current edition	ix
Preface to previous editions	ix
Key to maps	xi
Chapter 1 Horizontal and dipping strata
Contours	1	(2)
Dip	3	(2)
structure contours (= strike lines)	5	(1)
Construction of structure contours	5	(5)
true and apparent dip	10	(1)
Calculation of the thickness of a bed	11	(1)
Vertical thickness and true thickness	11	(1)
Width of outcrop	11	(3)
Inliers and outliers	14	(1)
Exercises using Geological Survey Maps	14	(2)
Chapter 2 'Three-point' problems	16	(5)
Construction of structure contours	16	(1)
Depth in boreholes	16	(2)
Insertion of outcrops	18	(3)
Chapter 3 Unconformities	21	(7)
Overstep	22	(4)
Overlap	26	(1)
Sub-unconformity outcrops	26	(1)
Exercises using Geological Survey Maps	26	(2)
Chapter 4 Folding	28	(14)
Anticlines and synclines	29	(1)
Asymmetrical folds	30	(4)
Similar and concentric folding	34	(1)
Two possible directions of strike	35	(6)
Exercise on published Geological Survey Map	41	(1)
Chapter 5 Map solution without structure contours 1	42	(8)
(Simple maps with structures so far described)
Chapter 6 Faults	50	(17)
Normal and reversed faults	51	(1)
The effects of faulting on outcrops	52	(1)
Classification of faults	53	(4)
Calculation of the throw of a fault	57	(1)
Faults and economic calculations	57	(3)
Wrench or tear faults	60	(1)
Pre- and post-unconformity faulting	61	(1)
Structural inliers and outliers	61	(1)
Posthumous faulting	61	(1)
Isopachytes	61	(5)
Exercises on published Geological Survey Maps	66	(1)
Chapter 7 Map solution without structure contours 2	67	(10)
(More advanced maps which include all the structures so far described, as well as igneous features)
Chapter 8 More folds and faulted folds	77	(13)
Plunging folds	77	(3)
The effects of faulting on fold structures	80	(1)
Displacement of folds by strike-slip (wrench) faults	80	(1)
Calculation of strike-slip displacement	81	(1)
Faults parallel to the limbs of a fold	81	(1)
Sub-surface structures	81	(1)
Posthumous folding	81	(5)
Polyphase folding	86	(1)
Bed isopachytes	86	(1)
Exercises on Geological Survey Maps	87	(3)
Chapter 9 Igneous features	90	(11)
Lavas	90	(1)
Pyroclastic deposits	90	(1)
Concordant intrusions	90	(2)
Discordant intrusions	92	(7)
Exercise on Geological Survey Map	99	(2)
Chapter 10 Planetary geology	101	(6)
Solutions to planetary geology maps	105	(2)
Chapter 11 Economic problems	107	(15)
Chapter 12 Complex structures	122	(10)
Nappes	122	(2)
Thrust faults	124	(1)
Axial plane cleavage	124	(6)
Description of a geological map	130	(1)
The geological history of Map 45	130	(1)
Exercise on Geological Survey Map	131	(1)
Appendix	132	(26)
Completed sections across problem maps	132	(10)
Completed map solutions	142	(7)
Numerical answers	149	(1)
Dip/apparent dip table	150	(1)
Dip/vertical thickness table	150	(1)
Real-apparent dip conversion graph	151	(1)
Block diagrams	152	(6)
Index	158