Liberty, Equality, Power A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877, Concise Edition (with InfoTrac and American Journey Online)

by Murrin, John M.; Johnson, Paul E.; McPherson, James M.; Gerstle, Gary; Rosenberg, Emily S.

• ISBN13: 9780534264635
• ISBN10: 0534264638
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-07-24
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This is Volume I (to 1865) of LIBERTY, EQUALITY, POWER: A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, CONCISE EDITION, Third Edition. LIBERTY, EQUALITY, POWER: A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, CONCISE EDITION provides students with a clear understanding of how power is gained, lost, and used in both public and private life. The Third Edition of this concise version retains the narrative clarity, unparalleled coverage, and thematic unity of the larger text while fashioning an unmatched integration of social and cultural history into a political story. The concise version's emphasis on clarity and brevity provides a leaner and clearer presentation for introductory American history students. It retains the same strong chronological and thematic framework as the larger text, but offers a more manageable option for instructors concerned about having too much material and too little time. LIBERTY, EQUALITY, POWER: A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, CONCISE EDITION is available in the following volume splits: Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Concise Edition (Chapters 1-31), ISBN: 053426462X; Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume 1: To 1877, Concise Edition (Chapters 1-17), ISBN: 0534264638; Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume II: Since 1863, Concise Edition (Chapters 17-31), ISBN: 0534264646.

Table of Contents

List of Maps and Film Features	xix
To the Student	xxi
Preface	xxii
1 When Old Worlds Collide: Contact, Conquest, Catastrophe	1	(32)
Peoples in Motion	1	(4)
From Beringia to the Americas	2	(2)
The Great Extinction and the Rise of Agriculture	4	(1)
The Norsemen	4	(1)
Europe and the World in the 15 Century	5	(5)
China: The Rejection of Overseas Expansion	5	(1)
Europe versus Islam	5	(1)
The Legacy of the Crusades	6	(1)
The Unlikely Pioneer: Portugal	7	(1)
Africa, Colonies, and the Slave Trade	8	(1)
Portugal's Asian Empire	9	(1)
Early Lessons	10	(1)
Spain, Columbus, and the Americas	10	(3)
Columbus	11	(1)
Spain and the Caribbean	12	(1)
The Emergence of Complex Societies in the Americas	13	(9)
The Rise of Sedentary Cultures	13	(1)
The Andes: Cycles of Complex Cultures	14	(1)
Inca Civilization	15	(1)
Mesoamerica: Cycles of Complex Cultures	16	(3)
The Aztecs and Tenochtitlán	19	(1)
North American Mound Builders	20	(1)
Urban Cultures of the Southwest	20	(2)
Contact and Cultural Misunderstanding	22	(2)
Religious Dilemmas	22	(2)
War as Cultural Misunderstanding	24	(1)
Gender and Cultural Misunderstanding	24	(1)
Conquest and Catastrophe	24	(5)
The Conquest of Mexico and Peru	24	(1)
North American Conquistadores and Missionaries	25	(2)
The Spanish Empire and Demographic Catastrophe	27	(1)
Brazil	28	(1)
Global Colossus, Global Economy	28	(1)
Explanation: Patterns of Conquest, Submission, and Resistance	29	(2)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM, THE MISSION	30	(1)
Conclusion	31	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	32	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC C0LLEGE EDITI0N SEARCH TERMS	32	(1)
2 The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America	33	(36)
The Protestant Reformation and the Challenge to Spain	33	(2)
New France	35	(3)
Early French Explorers	35	(1)
Missions and Furs	35
New France Under Louis XIV	31	(7)
The Dutch and Swedish Settlements	38	(2)
The East and West India Companies	38	(1)
New Netherland as a Pluralistic Society	39	(1)
Swedish and English Encroachments	39	(1)
The Challenge from Elizabethan England	40	(2)
The English Reformation	40	(1)
Hawkins and Drake	41	(1)
Gilbert, Ireland, and America	41	(1)
Raleigh, Roanoke, and War with Spain	42	(1)
The Swarming of the English	42	(1)
The Chesapeake and West Indian Colonies	43	(8)
The Jamestown Disaster	43	(1)
Reorganization, Reform, and Crisis	44	(3)
Tobacco, Servants, and Survival	47	(1)
Maryland	47	(1)
Chesapeake Family Life	48	(1)
The West Indies and the Transition to Slavery	49	(1)
The Rise of Slavery in North America	50	(1)
The New England Colonies	51	(7)
The Pilgrims and Plymouth	51	(1)
Covenant Theology	52	(1)
Massachusetts Bay	52	(1)
Puritan Family Life	53	(1)
Conversion, Dissent, and Expansion	54	(1)
Congregations, Towns, and Colony Governments	55	(2)
Infant Baptism and New Dissent	57	(1)
The English Civil Wars	58	(1)
The First Restoration Colonies	58	(4)
Carolina, Harrington, and the Aristocratic Ideal	59	(1)
New York: An Experiment in Absolutism	60	(2)
Brotherly Love: The Quakers and America	62	(7)
Quaker Beliefs	62	(1)
Quaker Families	63	(1)
West New Jersey	63	(1)
Pennsylvania	64	(2)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: BLACK ROBE	66
Conclusion	67
SUGGESTED READINGS	7	(61)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	68	(1)
3 England Discovers Its Colonies: Empire Liberty, and Expansion	69	(30)
The Spectrum of Settlement	69	(6)
Demographic Differences	71	(1)
Race, Ethnicity, and Economy	72	(1)
Religion and Education	73	(1)
Local and Provincial Governments	74	(1)
Unifying Trends: Language, War, Law, and Inheritance	74	(1)
The Beginnings of Empire	75	(3)
Upheaval in America: The Critical 1640's	75	(1)
Mercantilism as a Moral Revolution	75	(2)
The First Navigation Act	77	(1)
Restoration Navigation Acts	77	(1)
Indians, Settlers, Upheaval	78	(5)
Indian Strategies of Survival	79	(1)
Puritan Indian Missions	79	(1)
Metacom's (or King Philip's) War	80	(1)
Virginia's Indian War	81	(1)
Bacon's Rebellion	82	(1)
Crisis in England and the Redefinition of Empire	83	(2)
The Popish Plot, the Exclusion Crisis, and the Rise of Party	83	(1)
The Lords of Trade and Imperial Reform	83	(1)
The Dominion of New England	84	(1)
The Glorious Revolution	85	(5)
The Glorious Revolution in America	85	(1)
The English Response	86	(1)
The Salem Witch Trials	87	(1)
The Completion of Empire	88	(1)
Imperial Federalism	88	(1)
The Mixed and Balanced Constitution	89	(1)
Contrasting Empires: Spain and France in North America	90	(3)
The Pueblo Revolt	90	(1)
New France and the Middle Ground	91	(2)
French Louisiana and Spanish Texas	93	(1)
An Empire of Settlement: The British Colonies	93	(2)
The Engine of British Expansion: The Colonial Household	93	(1)
The Voluntaristic Ethic and Public Life	94	(1)
Three Warring Empires, 1689-1716	94	(1)
Conclusion	95	(4)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: THREE SOVEREIGNS FOR SARAH	96	(1)
SUGGESTED READINGS	97	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	97	(2)
4 Provincial America and the Struggle for a Continent	99	(32)
Expansion versus Anglicization	99	(3)
Threats to Householder Autonomy	101	(1)
Anglicizing the Role of Women	101	(1)
Expansion, Immigration, and Regional Differentiation	102	(4)
The Emergence of the Old South	102	(2)
The Mid-Atlantic Colonies: The "Best Poor Man's Country"	104	(1)
The Backcountry	104	(1)
New England: A Faltering Economy and Paper Money	105	(1)
Anglicizing Provincial America	106	(3)
The World of Print	106	(1)
The Enlightenment in America	107	(1)
Lawyers and Doctors	108	(1)
Georgia: The Failure of an Enlightenment Utopia	108	(1)
The Great Awakening	109	(4)
Origins of the Revivals	109	(1)
Whitefield Launches the Transatlantic Revival	110	(1)
Disruptions	111	(1)
Long-term Consequences of the Revivals	111	(1)
New Colleges	112	(1)
The Denominational Realignment	112	(1)
Political Culture in the Colonies	113	(3)
The Rise of the Assembly and the Governor	113	(1)
"Country" Constitutions: The Southern Colonies	114	(1)
"Court" Constitutions: The Northern Colonies	115	(1)
The Renewal of Imperial Conflict	116	(5)
Challenges to French Power	116	(1)
The Danger of Slave Revolts and War with Spain	117	(2)
France versus Britain: King George's War	119	(1)
The Impending Storm	120	(1)
The War for North America	121	(8)
The Albany Congress and the Onset of War	121	(1)
Britain's Years of Defeat	122	(2)
A World War	124	(1)
Imperial Tensions: From Loudoun to Pitt	124	(1)
The Years of British victory	125	(1)
The Cherokee War and Spanish Intervention	126	(1)
The Peace of Paris	127	(1)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS	128	(1)
Conclusion	129	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	129	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	130	(1)
5 Reform Resistance, Revolution	131	(30)
Imperial Reform	131	(5)
From Pitt to Greenville	131	(2)
Indian Policy and Pontiac's War	133	(2)
The Sugar Act	135	(1)
The Currency Act and the Quartering Act	135	(1)
The Stamp Act	135	(1)
The Stamp Act Crisis	136	(3)
Nullification	137	(1)
Repeal	137	(2)
The Townshend Crisis	139	(7)
The Townshend Program	139	(1)
Resistance: The Politics of Escalation	140	(2)
An Experiment in Military Coercion	142	(1)
The Wilkes Crisis	142	(1)
The Boston Massacre	143	(1)
Partial Repeal	144	(1)
Disaffection	145	(1)
Internal Cleavages: The Contagion of Liberty	146	(5)
The Feudal Revival and Rural Discontent	146	(1)
The Regulator Movements in the Carolinas	147	(2)
Slaves and Women	149	(2)
The Last Imperial Crisis	151	(4)
The Tea Crisis	151	(1)
Britain's Response: The Coercive Acts	151	(1)
The Radical Explosion	152	(1)
The First Continental Congress	153	(1)
Toward War	154	(1)
The Improvised War	155	(4)
The Second Continental Congress	156	(1)
War and Legitimacy, 1775-1776	157	(1)
Independence	157	(1)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM, 1776	158	(1)
Conclusion	159	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	160	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	160	(1)
6 The Revolutionary Republic	161	(32)
Hearts and Minds: The Northern War, 1176-1717	161	(4)
The British Offensive	161	(2)
The Trenton-Princeton Campaign	163	(2)
The Campaigns of 1777 and Foreign Intervention	165	(2)
The Loss of Philadelphia	165	(1)
Saratoga	166	(1)
French Intervention	166	(1)
Spanish Expansion and Intervention	167	(1)
The Reconstitution of Authority	167	(4)
John Adams and the Separation of Powers	168	(1)
The Virginia Constitution	168	(1)
The Pennsylvania Constitution	169	(1)
Massachusetts Redefines Constitutionalism	169	(1)
Confederation	170	(1)
The Crisis of the Revolution, 1779-1183	171	(3)
The Loyalists	171	(1)
Loyalist Refugees, Black and White	172	(1)
The Indian Struggle for Unity and Survival	172	(2)
Attrition	174	(1)
The British Offensive in the South	174	(6)
The Partisan War	176	(1)
Mutiny and Reform	177	(1)
From the Ravaging of Virginia to Yorktown and Peace	178	(2)
A Revolutionary Society	180	(6)
Religious Transformations	181	(1)
The First Emancipation	181	(1)
The Challenge to Patriarchy	182	(1)
Western Expansion, Discontent, and Conflict with Indians	182	(1)
The Northwest Ordinance	183	(3)
A More Perfect Union	186	(5)
Commerce, Debt, and Shays's Rebellion	186	(1)
Cosmopolitans versus Localises	186	(1)
The Philadelphia Convention	187	(2)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: THE PATRIOT	189	(2)
Ratification	190	(1)
Conclusion	191	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	191	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	192	(1)
7 The Democratic Republic, 1790-1820	193	(24)
The Farmer's Republic	193	(4)
Households	194	(1)
Rural Industry	195	(1)
Neighbors	195	(1)
Inheritance	196	(1)
Standards of Living	196	(1)
From Backcountry to Frontier	197	(4)
The Destruction of the Woodlands Indians	198	(1)
The Failure of Cultural Renewal	198	(2)
The Backcountry, 1790-1815	200	(1)
The Plantation South, 1790-1820	201	(3)
Slavery and the Republic	201	(1)
The Recommitment to Slavery	202	(1)
Race, Gender, and Chesapeake labor	203	(1)
The Lowland Task System	204	(1)
The Seaport Cities, 1790-1815	204	(2)
Commerce	204	(1)
Poverty	205	(1)
The Status of Labor	205	(1)
The Assault on Authority	206	(3)
Paternal Power in Decline	206	(1)
The Alcoholic Republic	206	(2)
The Democratization of Print	208	(1)
Citizenship	208	(1)
Republican Religion	209	(8)
The Decline of the Established Churches	209	(1)
The Rise of the Democratic Sects	210	(1)
The Christianization of the White South	211	(1)
Evangelicals and Slavery	212	(1)
The Beginnings of African American Christianity	212	(1)
Black Republicanism: Gabriel's Rebellion	213	(1)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: A MIDWIFE'S TALE	214	(1)
Conclusion	215	(1)
SUGGESTED READINGS	215	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	216	(1)
8 Completing the Revolution, 1789-1815	217	(27)
Establishing the Government	217	(5)
The "Republican Court"	217	(2)
The First Congress	219	(1)
Hamiltonian Economics: The National Debt	220	(1)
Hamiltonian Economics: The Bank and the Excise	221	(1)
The Rise of Opposition	221	(1)
Jefferson versus Hamilton	222	(1)
The Republic in a World at War, 1793-1800	222	(6)
Americans and the French Revolution	222	(1)
Citizen Genêt	223	(1)
Western Troubles	223	(1)
Jay's Treaty	224	(1)
Washington's Farewell and the Election of 1796	224	(1)
Troubles with France, 1796-1800	225	(1)
The Crisis at Home, 1798-1800	226	(1)
The Politicians and the Army	227	(1)
The Election of 1800	227	(1)
The Jeffersonians in Power	228	(5)
The Republican Program	228	(1)
Cleansing the Government	229	(1)
The Jeffersonians and the Courts	230	(1)
The Impeachment of Pickering and Chase	231	(1)
Justice Marshall's Court	231	(1)
Louisiana	232	(1)
The Republic and the Napoleonic Wars, 1804-1815	233	(9)
The Dilemmas of Neutrality	233	(1)
Trouble on the High Seas	233	(1)
Embargo	234	(1)
The Road to War	235	(1)
The War Hawk Congress,1811-1812	235	(1)
War Hawks and the War of 1812	236	(1)
The War with Canada, 1812-1813	237	(1)
Tecumseh's Last Stand	237	(1)
The British Offensive, 1814	238	(2)
The Hartford Convention	240	(1)
The Treaty of Ghent	240	(1)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: THE BUCCANEER (1958)	241	(1)
Conclusion	242	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	242	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE ANO INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	243	(1)
9 The Market Revolution, 1815-1860	244	(25)
Government and Markets	244	(3)
The American System: The Bank of the United States	245	(1)
The American System: Tariffs and Internal Improvements	246	(1)
Markets and the Law	246	(1)
The Transportation Revolution	247	(5)
Transportation in 1815	247	(1)
Improvements: Roads and Rivers	248	(1)
Improvements: Canals and Railroads	249	(1)
Time and Money	250	(1)
Markets and Regions	251	(1)
From Yeoman to Businessman: The Rural North and West	252	(6)
Shaping the Northern Landscape	252	(1)
The Transformation of Rural Outwork	252	(1)
Farmers as Consumers	253	(1)
The Northwest: Southern Migrants	254	(1)
The Northwest: Northern Migrants	254	(1)
Households	255	(2)
Neighborhoods: The Landscape of Privacy	257	(1)
The Industrial Revolution	258	(3)
Factory Towns: The Rhode Island System	258	(1)
Factory Towns: The Waltham System	259	(1)
Urban Businessmen	260	(1)
Metropolitan Industrialization	260	(1)
The Market Revolution in the South	261	(6)
The Organization of Slave Labor	262	(1)
Paternalism	263	(1)
Yeomen and Planters	264	(1)
Yeomen and the Market	264	(1)
A Balance Sheet: The Plantation and Southern Development	265	(1)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: GONE WITH THE WIND (1939)	266	(1)
Conclusion	267	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	267	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	268	(1)
10 Toward an American Culture	269	(22)
The Northern Middle Class	269	(5)
The Evangelical Base	270
Domesticity	27	(244)
Sentimentality	271	(2)
Fine Arts	273	(1)
Nature and Art	273	(1)
The Plain People of the North	274	(3)
Religion and the Common Folk	214	(61)
Popular Millennialism	275	(1)
Family and Society	275	(1)
The Prophet Joseph Smith	276	(1)
The Rise of Popular Culture	277	(3)
Blood Sports	277	(1)
Boxing	277	(1)
An American Theater	278
Minstrelsy	219	(61)
Novels and the Penny Press	280	(1)
Family, Church, and Neighborhood: The White South	280	(4)
Southern Families	281	(1)
Southern Entertainments	282	(1)
The Camp Meeting Becomes Respectable	282	(1)
Religious Conservatism	283	(1)
Proslavery Christianity	283	(1)
The Private Lives of Slaves	284	(5)
The Slave Family	284	(1)
White Missions	285	(1)
Slave Christians	286	(1)
Religion and Revolt	286	(3)
Nat Turner	289
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: BELOVED	288	(1)
Conclusion	289	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	290	(1)
AMERICA JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	290	(1)
11 Society, Culture, and Politics, 1820's-1840's	291	(24)
Constituencies	291	(3)
The North and West	292	(1)
The South	293	(1)
The Politics of Economic Development	294	(2)
Government and Its Limits	294	(1)
Banks	294	(1)
Internal Improvements	295	(1)
The Politics of Social Reform	296	(4)
Public Schools	296	(1)
Ethnicity, Religion, and the Schools	297	(1)
Prisons	297	(1)
Asylums	298	(1)
The South and Social Reform	298	(2)
The Politics of Alcohol	300	(3)
Ardent Spirits	300	(1)
The Origins of Prohibition	301	(1)
The Democratization of Temperance	302	(1)
Temperance Schisms	302	(1)
Ethnicity and Alcohol	303	(1)
The Politics of Race	303	(6)
Free Blacks	304	(1)
Discrimination	305	(1)
Democratic Racism	305	(1)
Conceptions of Racial Difference	306	(1)
The Beginnings of Antislavery	307	(1)
Abolitionists	307	(2)
Agitation	309	(1)
The Politics of Gender and Sex	309	(4)
Appetites	310	(1)
Moral Reform	310	(1)
Women's Rights	311	(1)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: NOT FOR OURSELVES ALONE	312	(1)
Conclusion	313	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	314	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY 0NLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	314	(1)
12 Jacksonian Democracy	315	(26)
Prologue: 1819	315	(4)
The West, 1803-1840's	316	(1)
The Argument over Missouri	317	(1)
The Missouri Compromise	318	(1)
The Panic of 1819	318	(1)
Republican Revival	319	(1)
Martin Van Buren Leads the Ways	319	(1)
The Election of 1824	319	(1)
"A Corrupt Bargain"	320	(1)
Jacksonian Melodrama	320	(1)
Adams versus Jackson	320	(6)
Nationalism in an International Arena	320	(2)
Nationalism at Home	322	(1)
The Birth of the Democratic Party	322	(1)
The Election of 1828	323	(1)
A People's Inauguration	324	(1)
The Spoils System	325	(1)
Jacksonian Democracy and the South	326	(5)
Southerners and Indians	326	(1)
Indian Removal	326	(1)
Southerners and the Tariff	327	(1)
Nullification	328	(1)
The "Petticoat Wars"	329	(1)
The Fall of Calhoun	330	(1)
Petitions, the Gag Rule, and the Southern Mails	330	(1)
Jacksonian Democracy and the Market Revolution	331	(4)
The Second Bank of the United States	331	(1)
The Bank War	332	(1)
The Beginnings of the Whig Party	333	(2)
A Balanced Budget	335	(1)
The Second American Party System	335	(4)
"Martin Van Ruin"	336	(1)
The Election of 1840	337	(1)
Two Parties	337	(1)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: AMISTAD	338	(1)
Conclusion	339	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	339	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	340	(1)
13 Manifest Destiny: An Empire for Liberty-or Slavery?	341	(24)
Growth as the American Way	341	(8)
Manifest Destiny and Slavery	342	(1)
The Westering Impulse	343	(1)
The Hispanic Southwest	344	(1)
The Oregon and California Trails	344	(2)
The Mormon Migration	346	(1)
The Republic of Texas	347	(1)
The Annexation Controversy	347	(1)
Acquisition of Texas and Oregon	348	(1)
The Mexican War	349	(4)
Military Campaign of 1846	349	(1)
Military Campaigns of 1847	350	(1)
Antiwar Sentiment	351	(1)
The Wilmot Proviso	352	(1)
The Election of 1848	353	(2)
The Free Soil Party	354	(1)
The Gold Rush and California Statehood	354	(1)
The Compromise of 1850	355	(5)
The Senate Debates	356	(1)
Passage of the Compromise	357	(1)
The Fugitive Slave Law	357	(1)
The Slave-Catchers	358	(1)
Uncle Tom's Cabin	359	(1)
Filibustering	360	(3)
The Gray-Eyed Man of Destiny	361	(1)
HISTORY THROUGH FLIM: THE ALAMO	362	(1)
Conclusion	363	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	363	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	364	(1)
14 The Gathering Tempest 1853-1860	365	(26)
Kansas and the Rise of the Republican Party	365	(3)
The Kansas-Nebraska Act	366	(1)
The Death of the Whig Party	367	(1)
Immigration and Nativism	368	(3)
Immigrants in Politics	368	(2)
The Rise of the "Know-Nothings"	370	(1)
The Decline of Nativism	370	(1)
Bleeding Kansas	371	(2)
The Caning of Sumner	372	(1)
The Election of 1856	373	(3)
The Dred Scot Case	375	(1)
The Lecompton Constitution	375	(1)
The Economy of the 1850's	376	(9)
"The American System of Manufacturers"	377	(1)
The Southern Economy	378	(1)
King Cotton	379	(2)
Labor Conditions in the North	381	(1)
The Panic of 1857	381	(1)
Sectionalism and the Panic	382	(1)
The Free-Labor Ideology	383	(1)
The Impending Crisis	384	(1)
Southern Non-Slaveholders	384	(1)
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates	385	(4)
The Freeport Doctrine	386	(1)
John Brown at Harpers Ferry	386	(2)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: ABE LINCOLN IN ILLINOIS	388	(1)
Conclusion	389	(2)
SUGGESTED READINGS	389	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	390	(1)
15 Secession and Civil War, 1860-1862	391	(28)
The Election of 1860	391	(3)
The Republicans Nominate Lincoln	393	(1)
Southern Fears	394	(1)
The Lower South Secedes	394	(5)
Northerners Affirm the Union	396	(1)
Compromise Proposals	396	(1)
Establishment of the Confederacy	397	(1)
The Fort Sumter Issue	398	(1)
Choosing Sides	399	(3)
The Border States	401	(1)
The Creation of West Virginia	401	(1)
The Balance Sheet of War	402	(4)
Strategy and Morale	403	(1)
Mobilizing for War	404	(1)
Weapons and Tactics	404	(1)
Logistics	405	(1)
Financing the War	405	(1)
Navies, the Blockade, and Foreign Relations	406	(2)
King Cotton Diplomacy	406	(1)
The Trent Affair	407	(1)
The Confederate Navy	408	(1)
The Monitor and the Virginia	408	(1)
Campaigns and Battles, 1861-1862	408	(6)
The Battle of Bull Run	410	(1)
Naval Operations	411	(1)
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson	411	(1)
The Battle of Shiloh	412	(1)
The Virginia Theater	413	(1)
The Seven Day's Battles	413	(1)
Confederate Counteroffensives	414	(2)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: THE RED BADGE OF COURAGE	415	(1)
The Second Battle of Bull Run	416	(1)
Conclusion	416	(3)
SUGGESTED READINGS	418	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	418	(1)
16 A New Birth of Freedom, 1862-1865	419	(30)
Slavery and the War	419	(5)
The "Contrabands"	420	(1)
The Border States	421	(1)
The Decision for Emancipation	422	(1)
New Calls for Troops	422	(1)
The Battle of Antietam	423	(1)
The Emancipation Proclamation	423	(1)
A Winter of Discontent	424	(4)
The Rise of the Copperheads	425	(1)
Economic Problems in the South	426	(1)
The Wartime Draft and Class Tensions	427	(1)
A Poor Man's Fight?	428	(1)
Blueprint for Modern America	428	(2)
Women and the War	428	(2)
The Confederate Tide Crests and Recedes	430	(5)
The Battle of Chancellorsville	430	(1)
The Gettysburg Campaign	430	(1)
The Vicksburg Campaign	430	(3)
Chickamauga and Chattanooga	433	(2)
Black Men in Blue	435	(1)
Black Soldiers in Combat	436	(1)
Emancipation Confirmed	436	(1)
The Year of Decision	436	(6)
Out of the Wilderness	437	(1)
Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor	438	(1)
Stalemate in Virginia	438	(1)
The Atlanta Campaign	439	(1)
Peace Overtures	440	(1)
The Prisoner-Exchange Controversy	440	(1)
The Issue of Black Soldiers in the Confederate Army	441	(1)
The Reelection of Lincoln and the End of the Confederates	442	(3)
The Capture of Atlanta	442	(1)
The Shenandoah Valley	442	(1)
From Atlanta to the Sea	442	(1)
The Battles of Franklin and Nashville	443	(1)
Fort Fisher and Sherman's March Through the Carolinas	443	(1)
The Road to Appomattox	444	(1)
The Assassination of Lincoln	444	(1)
Conclusion	445	(4)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: GLORY	446	(1)
SUGGESTED READINGS	447	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	448	(1)
17 Reconstruction, 1863-1877	449
Wartime Reconstruction	449	(2)
Radical Republicans and Reconstruction	451	(1)
Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction	451	(5)
Johnson's Policy	452	(1)
Southern Defiance	452	(1)
The Black Codes	453	(1)
Land and Labor in the Postwar South	453	(1)
The Freedmen's Bureau	454	(1)
Land for the Landless	454	(1)
Education	455	(1)
The Advent of Congressional Reconstruction	456	(2)
Schism Between President and Congress	456	(1)
The Fourteenth Amendment	457	(1)
The 1866 Elections	457	(1)
The Reconstruction Acts of 1867	458	(1)
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson	458	(2)
The Completion of Formal Reconstruction	459	(1)
The Fifteenth Amendment	459	(1)
The Election of 1868	459	(1)
The Grant Administration	460	(5)
Civil Service Reform	461	(1)
Foreign Policy Issues	461	(1)
Reconstruction in the South	462	(1)
Blacks in Office	462	(1)
"Carpetbaggers"	463	(1)
"Scalawags"	463	(5)
The Ku Klux Klan	468
The Elections of 1872	464	(1)
The Panic of 1873	465	(1)
The Retreat from Reconstruction	465	(5)
The Mississippi Election of 1875	465	(2)
The Supreme Court and Reconstruction	467	(1)
The Election of 1876	467	(1)
Disputed Results	468	(1)
The Compromise of 1877	468	(1)
HISTORY THROUGH FILM: THE BIRTH OF A NATION	469	(1)
The End of Reconstruction	470	(1)
Conclusion	470
SUGGESTED READINGS	471	(1)
AMERICAN JOURNEY ONLINE AND INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION SEARCH TERMS	471