Music Business Handbook and Career Guide

by Baskerville, David

• ISBN13: 9780761916673
• ISBN10: 0761916679
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-07-01
• Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc

Summary

The Seventh Edition of the Music Business Handbook and Career Guide remains the most comprehensive, up-to-date guide to the US$100 billion music industry of the United States. This thoroughly revised edition includes complete coverage of all aspects of the music industry. Song-writing, publishing, copyright (national and international), licensing, artist management, promotion, recording, production, retailing and media are just some of the topics covered. There is a complete section on careers in music, including specific advice on getting started in the music business.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xxiii
Stan Cornyn
Acknowledgments	xxv
Part I MUSIC IN THE MARKETPLACE
Overview	3	(12)
More Than Pop	4	(2)
Art Versus Commerce	6	(1)
Historical Development: Finding a Paying Audience	7	(6)
Influence of Mass Media	13	(1)
The Arts and Entertainment Industry	14	(1)
The Music Business System	15	(8)
Getting Through the Maze	15	(3)
Music Business Studies in Higher Education	18	(1)
Help Wanted!	19	(4)
Part II SONGWRITING, PUBLISHING, COPYRIGHT
Professional Songwriting	23	(24)
The Market	23	(1)
Predictors of Success	24	(1)
The Craft	25	(3)
Collaboration	26	(1)
Work Habits	27	(1)
Income Sources	28	(3)
Income From a Hit Recording	28	(1)
Additional Income Sources	29	(2)
Publishing Options	31	(2)
Staff Writers	31	(1)
Label-Affiliated Deals	32	(1)
Evaluating Publishers	33	(2)
The Songwriters Guild of America	35	(2)
The Songwriters Guild of America Contract	35	(2)
Contract Reassignment or Default	37	(1)
Breaking In	38	(9)
Local Promotion	39	(1)
Promotion by Mail	40	(2)
Direct Contact With Publishers	42	(1)
Demonstration Recordings	43	(2)
Who Pays?	45	(2)
Music Publishing	47	(36)
Perspective	47	(2)
Types of Publishers	49	(10)
Full-Line Companies	50	(2)
Independent Publishers	52	(1)
Recording Company Affiliates	52	(1)
Artist-Owned Companies	53	(1)
Writer-Owned Companies	53	(1)
Educational Field	54	(1)
Specialty Publishers	55	(1)
Concert Music	55	(1)
Subpublishers, Licensees	56	(1)
Foreign Territories	56	(1)
At-Source Deals and Receipts-Basis Deals	57	(2)
Administration	59	(3)
Royalty Department	59	(1)
Copyright Department	59	(1)
Legal or Business Affairs	60	(1)
Print Publishing Operations	60	(1)
Distribution	61	(1)
The Professional Manager	61	(1)
Acquiring New Material	62	(3)
Acceptance Criteria	63	(1)
Catalog Acquisitions	63	(1)
Editing for Print Publications	64	(1)
The Print Production Line	64	(1)
Talent Development	65	(1)
Contracts With Writers	66	(6)
Draft Contract	67	(5)
Split Copyrights, Copublishing	72	(1)
Copyright Protection: Sampling	73	(1)
Promotion, Advertising	74	(3)
Popular Music	74	(2)
Educational Field	76	(1)
Classical Field	77	(1)
Income Sources	77	(2)
Trade Associations	79	(4)
Harry Fox Agency, Inc.	79	(4)
Music Copyright	83	(38)
Background	83	(1)
Essential Provisions	84	(1)
Key Terms	85	(4)
Coverage	89	(1)
Exclusive Rights	90	(1)
Fair Use of Copyrighted Material	91	(3)
Copyright Ownership	94	(1)
Ownership Limitation	94	(1)
Collective Works	94	(1)
Film Music	95	(1)
Transfer or Assignment	95	(2)
Recordation of Transfer	95	(1)
Termination or Recapture	96	(1)
Work Made for Hire	97	(1)
Musical Arrangements	98	(2)
Arrangers' Rights	99	(1)
Public Domain	99	(1)
Sound Recordings	100	(2)
Performance Right Exclusion	100	(1)
Imitation Exclusion	101	(1)
Compulsory Mechanical License	102	(1)
Compulsory License Bypass	103	(1)
Royalty Payments (Section 115[c])	103	(1)
Duration of Copyright	103	(3)
Subsisting Copyrights in Their First Term on January 1, 1978 (Section 304)	104	(1)
Renewal Registration	104	(1)
Subsisting Copyrights in Their Renewal Term	105	(1)
After 75 Years	105	(1)
After January 1, 1978	105	(1)
Works in the Trunk (Section 303)	106	(1)
Formalities	106	(5)
Notice on Printed Music	106	(1)
Notice on Phonorecords (Section 402)	107	(1)
Notice Errors or Omissions	107	(1)
Deposit (Section 407)	108	(1)
Registration (Section 408)	109	(1)
Fees (Section 708)	110	(1)
Copyright Royalty Tribunal and Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel	110	(1)
Infringement, Remedy	111	(1)
Record Counterfeiting, Penalties	112	(1)
Changing Laws	113	(2)
First Sale Doctrine	113	(1)
The Audio Home Recording Act of 1992	114	(1)
Rights in Names and Trademarks	115	(2)
Selection of a Name	116	(1)
Rights in a Name	117	(1)
A Final Note on Law	117	(4)
Part III BUSINESS AFFAIRS
Music Licensing	121	(28)
Music Rights: An Overview	121	(2)
Performance Licensing	123	(2)
Income, Royalty Distribution	125	(1)
Foreign Collections	125	(1)
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers	126	(4)
Income, Royalty Distribution	126	(1)
Membership	127	(1)
Sampling, Accounting	128	(1)
Weighting Performances	129	(1)
Broadcast Music Inc.	130	(3)
Membership	130	(2)
Sampling, Accounting	132	(1)
Income, Royalty Distribution	133	(1)
SESAC	133	(3)
Sampling, Accounting, Income, Royalty Distribution	133	(3)
Mechanical Licenses	136	(2)
Royalty Rates	137	(1)
Collection Services	137	(1)
Synchronization Licenses	138	(2)
TV Movie Rights	139	(1)
New Use Rights	140	(1)
Cable Television Licenses	140	(1)
Other Cable TV Licenses	141	(1)
Video Licenses	141	(1)
Transcription Licenses	142	(1)
Special Use Permits	143	(1)
Broadcast Commercials	143	(1)
Jukebox Licenses	143	(1)
Dramatic Music Rights	144	(5)
Unions and Guilds	149	(12)
American Federation of Musicians	150	(2)
Union Finance	151	(1)
Other Services	152	(1)
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists	152	(2)
The 4As	154	(1)
American Guild of Musical Artists	154	(1)
American Guild of Variety Artists	155	(1)
Actors' Equity Association	155	(1)
Screen Actors Guild	156	(1)
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes	157	(1)
Other Unions and Guilds; Related Issues	157	(4)
National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians--Communications Workers of America	157	(1)
Dramatists Guild of America, Inc.	158	(1)
Related Unions and Guilds	158	(1)
Open Shop Agreements	158	(1)
Audio Technicians	159	(1)
Other Issues	159	(2)
Agents, Managers, and Attorneys	161	(18)
Agents	161	(8)
Regional Agencies	164	(1)
National Full-Service Agencies	165	(2)
Regulation of Agents	167	(2)
Managers	169	(3)
Regulation of Managers	169	(2)
Assistants to Management	171	(1)
Attorneys	172	(5)
Retaining Legal Counsel	173	(4)
Business Management Techniques	177	(2)
Artist Management	179	(30)
National Conference of Personal Managers	180	(1)
Discovering Each Other	180	(1)
The Financial Relationship	181	(2)
Accounting	181	(1)
Controlling Expense	182	(1)
Manager's Commission	183	(3)
Going Rates	183	(1)
The Money Flow	184	(1)
A Possible Compromise	185	(1)
Producing the Act	186	(2)
Coordinating the Elements	187	(1)
Programming	187	(1)
Advancing the Career	188	(7)
Care and Feeding of the Media	189	(1)
Controlling Performances	190	(1)
Landing a Recording Contract	191	(3)
Negotiating for Appearances	194	(1)
Developing Peripheral Income	194	(1)
Personal Management Agreement	195	(14)
Draft Agreement	196	(13)
Concert Promotion	209	(16)
Getting Started	209	(1)
Locating Cosponsors	210	(1)
Local Radio Stations	210	(1)
Recording Companies	210	(1)
Arena Sponsorship	211	(1)
Corporate Sponsorship	211	(1)
National Promoters	212	(1)
College Sponsorship	212	(1)
National Association for Campus Activities	213	(1)
Preparing Budgets	213	(3)
Negotiating Contracts	216	(2)
Signing Acts	217	(1)
Technical Riders	218	(1)
Promotion, Advertising	218	(1)
Production Management	219	(6)
Control Sheets	220	(5)
Music and Theater	225	(16)
Perspective	225	(1)
Types of Musical Theater	226	(5)
Broadway Musicals	226	(2)
Off-Broadway Theater	228	(1)
School Productions	228	(1)
Regional Theater	228	(1)
Summer Theater	229	(1)
National Tours	230	(1)
Las Vegas and Other Entertainment Centers	230	(1)
Industrial Shows	231	(1)
Amusement Parks and Cruise Ships	231	(1)
Theater Associations	231	(1)
Production Components	232	(9)
The Producer	232	(1)
Subsidiary Rights	233	(1)
Original Cast Album	234	(1)
Option and Royalty Payments	234	(1)
Approvals	234	(1)
Costs	235	(6)
Music Product Merchandising	241	(18)
Sales Leaders	242	(1)
Distribution	243	(1)
Music Retailers	243	(1)
Instruments and Equipment	244	(8)
Combo (Guitar, Drum) Stores	244	(1)
Keyboards	245	(1)
Band and Orchestra Instruments	246	(2)
Music School	248	(1)
Consumer Audio Equipment	248	(1)
Print Music	249	(1)
Books, Magazines, and Trade Journals	250	(2)
Promotion	252	(1)
Trade Associations	253	(2)
Financial Management	255	(4)
Arts Administration	259	(24)
The Serious Music Market	259	(1)
Perspective	260	(2)
Representative Organizations	262	(1)
Symphonic Music	263	(5)
American Symphony Orchestra League	263	(1)
Salary Arrangements	264	(4)
Funding the Arts	268	(3)
National Endowment for the Arts	269	(2)
State Arts Councils	271	(4)
Foundations, Corporate Giving	272	(2)
Volunteer Support	274	(1)
Administration	275	(8)
The Need	275	(4)
Financial Management	279	(4)
Part IV THE RECORDING INDUSTRY
Scope of the Recording Industry	283	(14)
Perspective	283	(3)
Major Labels	286	(1)
Independent Labels	287	(1)
Specialty Labels	288	(1)
Recording Company Structure	289	(4)
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)	289	(2)
Artist and Repertoire (A&R)	291	(1)
Business and Legal Affairs	291	(1)
Accounting	291	(1)
Distribution/Sales	291	(1)
Marketing	292	(1)
International Department	292	(1)
Publishing Affiliates	293	(1)
Piracy, Counterfeiting, Bootlegging	293	(2)
Challenges Presented by New Technologies	294	(1)
National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences	295	(2)
Record Markets	297	(10)
Research Development	297	(1)
The Charts	297	(3)
Broadcast Data Systems	298	(1)
Mediabase 24/7	298	(1)
SoundScan	299	(1)
Album Cuts	299	(1)
Comparison of the Charts	300	(1)
Recording Industry Association of America	300	(1)
Record Categorization	301	(1)
Stylistic Preferences	302	(5)
Reaching the Buyer	303	(1)
Configurations	303	(1)
Demographics	303	(4)
Artists' Recording Contracts	307	(22)
AFTRA Agreements	307	(5)
Vocal Contractors	307	(1)
Scales	308	(2)
Acquired Masters	310	(1)
Nonunion Recording	311	(1)
AFM Agreements	312	(4)
Phonograph Record Labor Agreement	312	(1)
Special Payments Fund	313	(1)
Music Performance Trust Funds Agreement	314	(1)
Nonunion Recording	315	(1)
Royalty Artist Contracts	316	(13)
Types of Deals	317	(2)
Negotiations	319	(1)
The Issues	319	(10)
Record Production	329	(16)
Producing Talents	329	(3)
The Independent Producer	330	(2)
Production Deals	332	(2)
Royalties, Fees	333	(1)
The Three Phases of Production	334	(1)
Production Budgeting	334	(4)
Budget Control	334	(4)
Creative Control	338	(7)
The Professional Relationship	339	(1)
Selecting the Studio	339	(2)
The Recording Process	341	(1)
Master Delivery Requirements	341	(4)
Record Promotion, Distribution, and Retailing	345	(20)
The Marketing Plan	345	(2)
Personnel	345	(1)
The Concept	346	(1)
Record Promotion	347	(5)
Targets	347	(3)
Publicity	350	(1)
Advertising	351	(1)
International Promotion	351	(1)
Record Distribution	352	(4)
Major Label Distribution	353	(1)
Independent Distribution; Association for Independent Music	353	(3)
Merchandising Audiocassettes and Compact Discs	356	(6)
Rack Jobbers	356	(2)
Retail Stores	358	(1)
Retail Chain Stores	359	(1)
Returns	360	(1)
Cutouts, Repackaging	360	(1)
National Association of Recording Merchandisers	361	(1)
Home Video Retailing	362	(1)
Future of Retailing	363	(2)
Studios and Engineers	365	(10)
Semiprofessional Recording	366	(1)
Demo Studios	367	(1)
Independent Studios	367	(1)
Small Independent Studios	368	(1)
Label-Owned Studios	368	(1)
Studio Acoustics, Design, and Ambiance	368	(1)
Studio Operation	369	(1)
Changing Technology	370	(1)
The Art and Science of Mixing	371	(2)
Professional Associations	373	(2)
Business Music	375	(8)
Service Companies	376	(2)
Production Music Libraries	378	(5)
Part V MUSIC IN BROADCASTING AND FILM
Music in Radio	383	(20)
Perspective	383	(1)
Types of Stations	384	(2)
Network Radio	384	(2)
Audience Identification and Market Research	386	(4)
Data Interpretation	389	(1)
Spectrum of Formats	390	(4)
Youth Market	390	(1)
Adult Contemporary	391	(1)
Country	391	(1)
Urban Contemporary	391	(1)
Alternative	391	(1)
Classical	392	(1)
Others	392	(2)
How Commercial Radio Stations Work	394	(9)
Operations	394	(1)
Personnel	395	(1)
The Economics of Commercial Radio	396	(1)
Programming	397	(1)
Program Content	398	(1)
Syndication	399	(1)
Satellite-Delivered Formats	400	(3)
Music in Television	403	(18)
Music and Video	403	(1)
Stations and Networks	404	(3)
Station Organization	405	(2)
Cable Television	407	(1)
Producing TV Musical Specials	408	(9)
Jobs in TV Musical Specials	413	(4)
Producing Short-Form Videos	417	(4)
Music in Advertising	421	(22)
Perspective	421	(2)
Influences on Style	422	(1)
Jobs	422	(1)
Music Uses	423	(2)
Budgets	424	(1)
Station Logos	425	(1)
The Agency Role	425	(2)
Spot Production	427	(16)
Writing Copy	427	(1)
Scoring Music	428	(2)
Production Companies	430	(2)
Artists and Fees	432	(1)
Artists' Contracts	433	(2)
Production Sequence	435	(8)
Dramatic Scoring for Motion Pictures and TV	443	(20)
Background	443	(1)
Changing Styles	444	(2)
Emergence of Sound Tracks	446	(1)
The Craft	446	(5)
The Process	446	(1)
Spotting the Film	447	(1)
Composition	448	(1)
Recording to Film	449	(2)
The Final Mix	451	(1)
Music Scoring for TV	451	(1)
Library Music	452	(1)
Hiring Practices	452	(11)
AFM Contracts	452	(1)
Package Deals	453	(1)
Composers	453	(2)
Music Supervisors	455	(1)
Copyists	456	(1)
Orchestra Musicians	456	(2)
Music Editors	458	(1)
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers	459	(4)
Part VI CAREER PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
Career Options	463	(58)
Creative Careers	465	(15)
Professional Songwriter	465	(2)
Lyricist	467	(1)
Composer of Show Music	467	(3)
Composer of Dramatic Music	470	(1)
Composer of Educational Materials	471	(2)
Composer of Children's Music	473	(1)
Composer of Classical Music	474	(2)
Arranger-Orchestrator	476	(2)
Music Editor	478	(1)
Music Copyist	479	(1)
Producing/Directing Careers	480	(7)
Music Director-Conductor	480	(2)
Record Producer	482	(3)
Theatrical Producer-Director	485	(1)
Video/Film Producer-Director	486	(1)
Performing Careers	487	(7)
Singer	487	(2)
Instrumentalist	489	(5)
Teaching Careers	494	(6)
Studio Teacher	494	(1)
School Music Educator	495	(2)
College Music Instructor	497	(2)
Music Therapist	499	(1)
Music-Related Careers	500	(14)
Critic/Journalist/Editor	500	(3)
Music Services	503	(2)
Science and Technology	505	(2)
Managerial/Executive	507	(1)
Broadcasting/Advertising	508	(2)
Business/Merchandising	510	(2)
Legal Services	512	(1)
Arts/Graphics	513	(1)
Starting Your Own Business	514	(7)
Structuring the Business	514	(3)
Starting a Music Publishing Company	517	(4)
Career Development	521	(104)
Defining Goals	521	(5)
Climbing the Ladder	526	(1)
Finding Work	527	(8)
Part VII CANADIAN MUSIC INDUSTRY AND INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT
What You Need to Know About Canada's Music Scene	535	(14)
Richard Flohil
International Copyright: The World Market Outside the United States	549	(23)
Phil Hardy
Dave Laing
Part VIII APPENDIX
Publishing Rights Forms
ASCAP Agreement With Writer/Publisher	572	(3)
ASCAP Writer Application	575	(8)
BMI Publisher Application	583	(5)
BMI Writer Application	588	(2)
BMI Publisher Agreement	590	(4)
BMI Writer Agreement	594	(4)
Copyright Forms
U.S. Copyright Form PA	598	(4)
U.S. Copyright Form SR	602	(4)
Selected Readings
Books	606	(2)
Journals, Magazines, Newspapers, Newsletters	608	(4)
Professional Organizations	612	(13)
Glossary	625	(22)
Index	647	(28)
About the Author	675