Physical Therapy Research : Principles and Applications

by Domholdt, Elizabeth, Pt.

• ISBN13: 9780721636115
• ISBN10: 072163611X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1993-01-01
• Publisher: Harcourt Health Sciences

Summary

The New Edition of this text presents physical therapy research in a clear and concise manner. It aids the user in reading and interpreting published research and in designing and implementing research studies. Guidelines for applying research principles and a sample research paper and presentation are included. This edition presents updated reference sections covering the reemergence of the case study as a valid form of scholarship and the continuing interest in outcomes research. Also features a glossary that defines research terms.

Table of Contents

SECTION ONE RESEARCH FUNDAMENTALS
Research in Physical Therapy	3	(11)
Definitions of Research	3	(2)
Purpose of This Text	5	(1)
Reasons for Doing Research in Physical Therapy	5	(2)
Barriers to Research in Physical Therapy	7	(2)
Overcoming Barriers to Research in Physical Therapy	9	(1)
History of Research in Physical Therapy	10	(4)
Theory in Physical Therapy Research	14	(14)
Definitions of Theory	14	(5)
Scope of Theory	19	(5)
Relationship Among Theory, Research, and Practice	24	(4)
Research Ethics	28	(13)
Boundaries Between Practice and Research	28	(2)
Moral Principles of Action	30	(2)
Informed Consent	32	(1)
Research Codes of Ethics	33	(2)
Risks of Research to Subjects	35	(6)
SECTION TWO RESEARCH DESIGN
Research Problems and Questions	41	(10)
Developing an Answerable Research Question	41	(8)
Criteria for Evaluating Research Problems	49	(2)
Experimental Research	51	(23)
Manipulation	51	(6)
Control	57	(5)
Single-Factor Experimental Designs	62	(4)
Multiple-Factor Experimental Designs	66	(8)
Nonexperimental Research	74	(12)
Description	75	(3)
Analysis of Relationships	78	(3)
Analysis of Differences	81	(5)
Research Validity	86	(19)
Internal Validity	87	(11)
Construct Validity	98	(3)
External Validity	101	(2)
Relationship Among Types of Validity	103	(2)
Selection and Assignment of Subjects	105	(16)
Significance of Sampling and Assignment	105	(1)
Populations and Samples	106	(1)
Probability Sampling	107	(6)
Nonprobability Sampling	113	(1)
Assignment to Groups	114	(4)
Sample Size	118	(3)
Research Paradigms	121	(22)
Quantitative Paradigm	122	(4)
Qualitative Paradigm	126	(6)
Single-System Paradigm	132	(6)
Relationships Among the Research Paradigms	138	(5)
SECTION THREE MEASUREMENT
Measurement Theory	143	(19)
Definitions of Measurement	143	(1)
Scales of Measurement	144	(3)
Types of Variables	147	(1)
Statistical Foundations of Measurement Theory	147	(5)
Measurement Frameworks	152	(1)
Measurement Reliability	153	(4)
Measurement Validity	157	(5)
Methodological Research	162	(10)
Reliability Designs	162	(6)
Validity Designs	168	(4)
Measurement Tools for Physical Therapy Research	172	(29)
Measuring Muscle Performance	173	(5)
Measuring Joint Motion and Position	178	(2)
Measuring Physiological Function	180	(3)
Measuring Pain	183	(1)
Measuring Functional Status	184	(1)
Measuring Movement Using Biomechanical Analysis	184	(2)
Measuring Sizes and Proportions of Body Parts (Anthropometric Measures)	186	(2)
Measuring Postural Control	188	(1)
Measuring Sensation	189	(1)
Measuring Development	189	(1)
Measuring Behavior	189	(1)
Measuring Personal Characteristics, Opinions, and Attitudes (Self-Report Measures)	190	(11)
SECTION FOUR DATA ANALYSIS
Statistical Reasoning	201	(26)
Data Set	202	(1)
Frequency Distribution	202	(4)
Central Tendency	206	(1)
Variability	207	(3)
Normal Distribution	210	(3)
Sampling Distribution	213	(2)
Significant Difference	215	(5)
Errors	220	(3)
Power	223	(1)
Statistical Conclusion Validity	224	(3)
Statistical Analysis of Differences	227	(41)
Distributions for Analysis of Differences	227	(2)
Assumptions of Tests of Differences	229	(2)
Steps in the Statistical Testing of Differences	231	(1)
Statistical Analysis of Differences	232	(36)
Analysis of Relationships	268	(31)
Correlation	268	(9)
Linear Regression	277	(3)
Multiple Regression	280	(3)
Reliability Analyses	283	(7)
Factor Analysis	290	(9)
SECTION FIVE BEING RESEARCH CONSUMER
Locating the Literature	299	(11)
Types of Information	299	(1)
Types of Professional Literature	300	(1)
Focused Literature Search	300	(6)
Ongoing Literature Search	306	(2)
Obtaining Literature Items	308	(2)
Evaluating the Literature	310	(17)
Elements of a Research Article	310	(1)
Guidelines for Writing About Published Research	311	(1)
Evaluation of Single Studies	311	(9)
Conceptual Review of the Literature	320	(7)
SECTION SIX IMPLEMENTING RESEARCH
Preliminary Research Steps	327	(14)
Proposal Preparation	327	(5)
Human Subjects Protection	332	(4)
Funding	336	(5)
Project Implementation	341	(18)
Obtaining Subjects	341	(6)
Data Collection Tools	347	(4)
Data Collection	351	(5)
Data Analysis	356	(3)
Publishing and Presenting Research	359	(12)
Publication of Research	359	(5)
Presentation of Research	364	(7)
APPENDIX A Integrity in Physical Therapy Research	371	(4)
APPENDIX B Random Numbers Table	375	(6)
APPENDIX C Table: Areas in One Tail of the Standard Normal Curve	381	(2)
APPENDIX D Questions for Evaluating a Research Article	383	(6)
APPENDIX E Guidelines for Preparing a Journal Article Manuscript	389	(6)
APPENDIX F Sample Manuscript for Hypothetical Study	395	(20)
APPENDIX G Sample Platform Presentation Script with Slides	415	(10)
Glossary	425	(10)
Index	435