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9780521607629

Timber Production and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Rain Forests

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780521607629

  • ISBN10:

    0521607620

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2004-08-19
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press

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Summary

Timber production is often the most economic form of land use in areas of tropical forest: forest preservation is rarely so. The area of tropical forest reserved for timber production exceeds that of National Parks and other preserved areas by a ratio of at least 8:1. Although often poorly managed to date, production forests have the potential to support a high percentage of natural forest biodiversity. They have a vital role to play in conservation strategies. This book attempts to bridge the current gap between conservation requirements and commercial interests, indicating the possibilities for integrated management of tropical forests. The aim is to develop a justification and practical approach for the management of production forest as a supplement to totally-protected forest in the conservation of tropical biodiversity.

Table of Contents

Foreword xv
Jeffery Burley
Preface xix
Explanatory note xxii
The issues
1(16)
Introduction
1(4)
The importance of the tropical timber trade
1(1)
The regional status of tropical forests
2(3)
Problems facing tropical forest management
5(5)
Insufficient reinvestment in the resource
6(1)
Inadequate infrastructures
6(1)
Forest invasion
7(1)
Inefficient species utilization
8(1)
Timber pricing systems
8(2)
Political instability
10(1)
Problems facing tropical forest preservation
10(1)
Forest and biodiversity conservation: the rationale for an integrated approach
11(2)
The concept of sustainable management
13(3)
Summary
16(1)
The history and development of tropical forestry
17(10)
Historical background
17(2)
The pre-colonial era
17(1)
The colonial and post-colonial eras
18(1)
Tropical forestry practices
19(4)
Non-timber harvesting
20(1)
Non-intensive timber harvesting
21(1)
Intensive timber harvesting
22(1)
Forest management systems
23(3)
Replacement systems
24(1)
Clearing systems
25(1)
Natural regeneration systems
25(1)
Restoration systems
26(1)
Summary
26(1)
Changes in the physical environment
27(16)
Introduction
27(1)
Microclimate
28(3)
Types of microclimatic change
28(1)
Cloud forest
29(1)
Some direct effects of microclimatic change
30(1)
Soil, water and nutrients
31(6)
Soil damage and loss
31(2)
Water flow and sediment yield
33(1)
Nutrients
34(2)
Some direct effects of soil damage and loss of water quality
36(1)
The special case of periodically inundated forests
37(2)
Mangrove forest
37(1)
Varzea
38(1)
Some wider implications of environmental change
39(2)
Climatic shifts
39(2)
Susceptibility to burning
41(1)
Summary
41(2)
Forest regeneration and gap dynamics
43(15)
Introduction
43(1)
Damage levels
44(1)
Changes in forest structure
45(3)
Changes in forest composition
48(3)
Community level changes
48(1)
Changes in species composition
49(2)
Tree regeneration and gap dynamics
51(2)
Gap dynamics
51(1)
Gap size
51(2)
Gap frequency
53(1)
Timing of gap formation
53(1)
Tree phenology
53(2)
Management to promote timber tree regeneration
55(2)
Summary
57(1)
Responses of individual animal species
58(45)
Introduction
58(1)
Limitations of the data
59(1)
Folivores
59(4)
Invertebrates
59(2)
Smaller vertebrates
61(2)
Large terrestrial browsers
63(1)
Exudate specialists
63(3)
Pygmy marmosets
65(1)
Frugivores and seed predators
66(10)
Uakaris and bearded sakis
67(1)
Other frugivorous primates
68(2)
Squirrels
70(1)
Frugivorous bats
70(2)
Hornbills
72(2)
Other frugivorous birds
74(2)
Nectarivores
76(3)
Social organization in hummingbirds
77(2)
Frugivore-folivores
79(8)
Primates
79(6)
Giant flying squirrels
85(1)
Ungulates
85(1)
Rodents
86(1)
Insectivores
87(7)
Understorey birds
87(5)
Canopy birds
92(1)
Commensal insectivores
92(2)
Bats
94(1)
Insectivore-frugivores
94(3)
Primates
95(2)
Transient understorey birds
97(1)
Predators
97(4)
Civets
99(2)
Decomposers
101(1)
Summary
102(1)
Responses of species assemblages
103(21)
Introduction
103(1)
Changes within species assemblages
104(8)
Litter invertebrates
104(2)
Birds
106(1)
Mammals
107(5)
Attributes of species assemblages
112(10)
Describing changes within assemblages
112(1)
Species richness and diversity indices
113(5)
Indices of similarity
118(2)
Indicator species
120(1)
Indicators of logging impacts
120(2)
Flagship species as indicator species
122(1)
Summary
122(2)
Using ecological data in forest management planning
124(13)
Introduction
124(1)
The problem of spatial heterogeneity
125(2)
Structural variation
125(1)
Variation in species composition
125(2)
Inter-site comparisons: information content
127(4)
Species assemblages
128(1)
Guilds
129(2)
Individual species abundances
131(1)
Applying local data to a wider forest estate
131(1)
Making management recommendations
132(4)
Management to retain biodiversity
133(1)
Management for sustainability
133(3)
Summary
136(1)
Intervention to maintain biodiversity
137(28)
The role of interventions
137(1)
Habitat preservation
138(11)
Refuges
139(6)
Corridors
145(1)
Corridors as habitat
145(2)
Corridors as dispersal routes
147(1)
An example of the importance of habitat preservation
148(1)
Conservation of specific resources
149(8)
Keystone food trees
149(4)
Standing and fallen deadwood
153(1)
Tree cavities
154(1)
Cavities as limiting factors
155(1)
Primary hole nesters
156(1)
Creating or retaining cavities
156(1)
Enrichment planting
157(1)
Re-logging schedules
158(1)
Compensatory plantations
159(4)
Plantations as a means of reducing deforestation
160(1)
Plantations as substitute timber sources
160(1)
Plantations as buffer zones
161(1)
Reducing edge effects
161(1)
Provision of additional habitat
162(1)
Summary
163(2)
Field procedures
165(17)
Damage limitation
165(1)
Guidelines for conserving biological diversity
166(1)
Pre-felling procedures
167(5)
Silvicultural enumeration
168(1)
Topographic survey
168(1)
Harvesting inventory
169(2)
Climber cutting
171(1)
Harvesting procedures
172(4)
Roading
172(1)
Felling
172(3)
Extraction
175(1)
Post-felling procedures
176(2)
Clean-up procedures
176(1)
Water run-off control
176(1)
Post-felling stand inventory
177(1)
Post-felling biodiversity inventory
177(1)
Rules and regulations
178(1)
Examples of current `best practice' management systems
179(2)
Summary
181(1)
The future
182(8)
Integrated management of tropical forests
182(5)
Management priorities
182(1)
Management for biodiversity
183(2)
Species extinctions
185(2)
A conservation ethos
187(1)
Summary
188(2)
References 190(20)
Subject index 210

Supplemental Materials

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The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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