Dedication

iii

Preface

Summary Table of Contents

vii

An Aging Population: The Challenge to the Law

(38)

Introduction

(1)

Who Is Elderly?

(2)

Questions

(1)

Statistical Profile Of The Elderly

(4)

Growth In The Population Over Age Eighty-Five

(1)

Aging Patterns By Gender

(1)

Aging Patterns By Race

(1)

Questions

(1)

Dependency Ratio

(1)

The Physical Effects Of Aging

(2)

Questions

(1)

Questions

(1)

The Challenge To The Law: The Unique Circumstances Of The Elderly

(9)

Mortality: The Need For Haste

(1)

Questions

(1)

Complications Of Declining Physical And Mental Capacity

(1)

Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders

(1)

Questions

(1)

Chronic Illness

(1)

Questions

(1)

Economic Vulnerability

(1)

The Old Depend On The Promises Of The Young

(1)

Formal Assistance

(1)

Family and Social Networks

(1)

Questions

(1)

Family Support Statutes

(1)

Seymour Moskowitz, Adult Children and Indigent Parents: Intergenerational Responsibilities in International Perspective

(1)

Question

(1)

Conflicting Values: Autonomy Versus Protection

(4)

Questions

(2)

Questions

(1)

Questions

(1)

Questions

(1)

Generational Justice

(5)

Lawrence B. Solum, To Our Children's Children: The Problems of Intergenerational Ethics

(1)

Age Discrimination

(4)

Financial Justifications For Positive Age Discrimination

(1)

Health Justifications For Positive Age Discrimination

(2)

The Right Of The Elderly To Benefits

(1)

Ageism And Self-Determination

(3)

Ethical Issues and Legal Assistance

(48)

The Legal Needs Of The Elderly

(1)

Elder Law Practice

(11)

Barnes, Frolik & Whitman, Counseling Older Clients

(1)

Multidisciplinary Practice

(1)

George Steven Swan, Legal Education & Financial Planning: Preparation for the Multidisciplinary Practice Future

(1)

Questions and Comments

(1)

Limited Purpose, Discrete Task Representation

(2)

Question

(1)

Managed Legal Assistance

(1)

Use of Paralegal Assistance

(1)

Barnes, Johns & Martin, Counseling Older Clients

(2)

Questions

(1)

Pro Bono Assistance

(1)

Questions

(1)

Counseling Older Clients

(1)

An Overview of Issues

(1)

Practical Concerns

(1)

A View From Advanced Age

(1)

Questions

(1)

Ethical Issues For Attorneys With Older Clients

(15)

Sources Of The Ethical Standards

(1)

Who Is The Client: Family Representation

(1)

In re Guardianship of Lillian P. Cavey

(6)

Teresa Stanton Collett, The Ethics of Intergenerational Representation

(4)

Questions and Comments

(1)

Conflicts In Spousal Representation

(1)

Barbara Freedman Wand, Ethical Issues in Representing Husbands and Wives in Estate Planning

(1)

Confidentiality And Withdrawal

(1)

Mediation And Older Clients

(2)

David Gage and John A. Gromala, Mediation in Estate Planning: A Strategy for Everyone's Benefits

(1)

Kevin Gibson, Promises and Problems in Alternative Dispute Resolution for the Elderly

(1)

Question

(1)

The Client Of Questionable Competency

(11)

The Ethics Rules

(2)

Determining Client Capacity

(1)

Robert P. Roca, Determining Decisional Capacity: A Medical Perspective

(3)

Steve Fox, Is It Personal Autonomy or a Personal Disorder?

(1)

Questions

(1)

Confidentiality And The Incapacitated Client

(2)

The Lawyer As De Facto Guardian

(2)

Subsidized Legal Services

(8)

Older Americans Act Legal Services

(2)

Questions

(1)

Question

(1)

Question

(1)

Issues In Legal Assistance To The Poor

(4)

Age Discrimination in Employment

(66)

Legislative History Of The Act

(2)

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Wyoming

(2)

The Failure Of A Constitutional Solution

(6)

Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia

(2)

M. Levine, Age Discrimination and the Mandatory Retirement Controversy

(2)

Questions

(1)

Who Is Protected?

(7)

The Twenty Employee Requirement

(1)

Question

(1)

Partners

(1)

Caruso v. Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co.

(4)

Questions

100

(1)

Government Employees

100

(1)

Foreign Employers And United States Employees Out Of Country

101

(1)

Unions And Employment Agencies

101

(1)

Note: Aging, Disability and Discrimination

101

(1)

Exceptions

102

(2)

Fire Fighters And Law Enforcement Officers

102

(1)

Questions

102

(1)

Executives And Policymakers

103

(1)

Questions

104

(1)

Proving The Case Of Discrimination In Hiring

104

(1)

Proving Termination On Account Of Age Discrimination

105

(19)

Direct Evidence Of Discrimination

105

(1)

Naton v. Bank of California

105

(2)

Prima Facie Case

107

(1)

Pretextual Reasons For Termination

108

(1)

Gilkerson v. Toastmaster, Inc.

108

(2)

Questions

110

(1)

Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc.

111

(7)

Summary Judgment

118

(1)

Hartung v. Cae Newnes, Inc.

118

(5)

Questions

123

(1)

Relevance Of Age Of Replacement Employee

123

(1)

O'Connor v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Corp.

124

(1)

Reduction In Force

124

(7)

Proving The Claim Of Age Discrimination

125

(1)

Bialas v. Greyhound Lines, Inc.

125

(3)

Questions

128

(1)

Termination Of Higher Paid Employees

128

(1)

Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins

129

(2)

Disparate Impact

131

(6)

Adams v. Florida Power Corp.

132

(2)

Geller v. Markham

134

(3)

Problem

137

(1)

Reasonable Factor Other Than Age (RFOA) Defense

137

(2)

Jeff Morneau, Too Good, Too Bad: ``Overqualified'' Older Workers

138

(1)

Questions

138

(1)

The Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ) Exception

139

(2)

Rasberg v. Nationwide Life Insurance Co.

140

(1)

Questions

141

(1)

Employee Benefit Plan Defense

141

(1)

Early Voluntary Retirement Plans

142

(5)

Smith v. World Ins. Co.

142

(3)

Vega v. Kodak Caribbean, Ltd.

145

(2)

Questions

147

(1)

Waiver And Release

147

(4)

Oubre v. Entergy Operations, Inc.

148

(2)

Questions

150

(1)

Enforcement Procedures

151

(1)

Remedies

151

(1)

State Law Remedies

152

(1)

Income Maintenance

153

(62)

Social Security: Past And Present

153

(26)

History

154

(1)

McSteen, Fifty Years Of Social Security

155

(1)

Schwartz & Grundmann, Social Security Programs in the United States

155

(2)

The Current Need For Social Security

157

(1)

Introduction

157

(1)

Lack Of Personal Savings

158

(1)

Questions

159

(1)

Current Status

159

(1)

The Statute

159

(1)

Program Policy Sources

159

(1)

Overview of Benefits

159

(1)

Coverage

160

(1)

Financing

160

(2)

Questions

162

(1)

Eligibility

163

(1)

Earnings Record

163

(1)

Quarters of Coverage

163

(1)

Insured Status

163

(1)

Benefit Recipients

164

(1)

Retired Workers

164

(1)

Retirement Ages

164

(1)

Earnings Test

165

(1)

Questions

166

(1)

Spouses and Dependents of Retired Workers

166

(2)

Divorced Spouses of Retired Workers

168

(1)

Questions

169

(1)

Dependents of Disabled or Deceased Workers

169

(1)

Survivor Benefits

170

(1)

Benefit Computation

170

(1)

Kathryn L. Moore, Redistribution Under the Current Social Security System

171

(1)

Application for Social Security Benefits

172

(1)

Representative Payees

173

(1)

Overpayments

173

(1)

Taxation of Benefits

174

(1)

Administrative And Judicial Review Process

174

(1)

Initial Determination

174

(1)

Reconsideration

175

(1)

Right to a Hearing

175

(1)

Appeals Council Review

176

(1)

Judicial Review in Federal District Court

177

(1)

Nonacquiescence Policy

177

(1)

Representation And Attorney's Fees

178

(1)

Social Security Disability Benefits

178

(1)

Schwartz & Grundmann, Social Security Programs in the United States

178

(1)

Public Attitudes Toward Social Security

179

(7)

William G. Dauster, Protecting Social Security and Medicare

180

(1)

Dean R. Leimer, A Guide to Social Security Money's Worth Issues

181

(2)

Richard L. Kaplan, Top Ten Myths of Social Security

183

(3)

Questions

186

(1)

Proposals For Reform

186

(11)

Craig Copeland, Social Security Reform Issues

187

(1)

Advisory Council on Social Security Report (released May 1997)

188

(2)

Robert Eisner, Don't Sock the Elderly, Help Them: Old Age is Hard Enough

190

(2)

Lewis D. Solomon & Geoffry A. Barrow, Privatization of Social Security

192

(3)

Questions

195

(2)

Questions

197

(1)

Gender Issues

197

(4)

C. Eugene Steuerle, Social Security: The Broader Issues

198

(1)

Questions

198

(1)

Office of Legislative and Regulatory Policy, Report on the Earnings Sharing Implementation Study

199

(1)

Questions

200

(1)

Racial Issues

201

(1)

Other Public Pension Programs

201

(4)

Railroad Retirement

201

(1)

Public Employee Programs

202

(1)

Federal Civilian Employee Retirement

202

(1)

State and Local Public Employee Pension Plans

202

(1)

Military Retirement

203

(1)

Veterans' Benefits

203

(1)

Kerns, Social Security Programs in the United States

203

(2)

Supplemental Security Income

205

(3)

Loeff, Bretz & Kerns, Social Security Programs in the United States

205

(3)

Private Pensions

208

(3)

Qualified And Nonqualified Plans

209

(1)

Defined Benefit And Defined Contribution Plans

209

(2)

Questions

211

(1)

ERISA Requirements

211

(4)

Vesting

211

(1)

Retirement Age

212

(1)

Spousal Benefits

212

(1)

Treatment Of Distributions

213

(2)

Health Care

215

(98)

Introduction To Health Care Policy

215

(2)

Note: A Brief History of U.S. Health Care Policy

216

(1)

Questions

217

(1)

Government Health Care Coverage

217

(67)

Finance

218

(1)

Marilyn Moon and Matthew Storeygard, Solvency or Affordability? Ways to Measure Medicare's Financial Health

219

(3)

Eligibility

222

(1)

Medicare Benefits

223

(1)

Parts A and B

223

(3)

Medicare Managed Care

226

(2)

Judith Feder and Marilyn Moon, Managed Care for the Elderly: A Threat or a Promise?

228

(1)

Diane Archer, From a Medicare Rights Advocate: Problems and Solutions in Medicare Managed Care

229

(2)

Questions

231

(1)

Medicare + Choice

232

(1)

Note on Medicare Prescription Drug Benefits

233

(2)

Home Health Care: Parts A and B

235

(1)

McDonald v. Shalala

236

(4)

Part-Time or Intermittent Requirements

240

(1)

The Homebound Requirement

241

(1)

Prospective Payment for Home Health

241

(1)

Questions

242

(1)

Note on Manuals, Transmittals and Letters

242

(1)

Hospice Care

243

(1)

Mental Health Benefits

243

(1)

Medically Necessary Care and Exceptions

244

(1)

Wood v. Thompson

244

(6)

Goodman v. Sullivan

250

(2)

Questions and Comments

252

(1)

Level of Care

253

(1)

Spell of Illness

254

(2)

Note: Veterans' Health Benefits

256

(2)

Payments And Cost Containment

258

(1)

The Hospital Prospective Payment System: Diagnostic Related Groups

258

(2)

Question

260

(1)

Physician Prospective Payment: The Resource- Based Relative Value Scale

260

(1)

Other Prospective Payment Systems

261

(1)

Question

262

(1)

Note on Dual Eligibility: Medicare and Medicaid Interaction

262

(2)

Primary and Secondary Payers

264

(1)

Zinman v. Shalala

264

(4)

Questions

268

(1)

Melisa C. George and Bennett L. Pugh, Dealing with Medicare Issues in Workers' Compensation Settlements

269

(1)

Comments

270

(1)

Administration And Appeals

271

(1)

Initial Determinations and Processing: Fiscal Intermediaries

271

(1)

The Appeals Process

271

(1)

Part A Appeals Issues

272

(1)

Questions and Comments

273

(1)

Part B Appeals

274

(1)

Note on Expedited Appeals

274

(1)

Provider Appeals

275

(1)

Warder v. Shalala

275

(3)

Medicare + Choice Managed Care Appeals

278

(1)

Grijalva v. Shalala

279

(3)

Question

282

(1)

Expedited Administrative Review in Medicare+Choice

283

(1)

Questions and Comments

283

(1)

Private Health Insurance Benefits

284

(8)

Medigap Supplemental Insurance

284

(4)

Questions

288

(1)

Retiree Health Benefits

288

(1)

ERISA Provisions Governing All Employee Benefits

288

(1)

Tamara E. Russell, Trav'lin Light: Early Retirees and the Availability of Post Retirement Health Benefits

289

(1)

Contract Rights

290

(2)

Question and Comments

292

(1)

Assuring Quality

292

(8)

Individual Credentials

293

(1)

Question

294

(1)

Institutional Credentials

294

(1)

Questions

295

(1)

Note on Home Care Quality Assurance

295

(1)

Question

296

(1)

Setting Standards for Practice

296

(2)

Questions

298

(1)

Question

299

(1)

EMTALA: Discharge Planning and Patient Dumping

300

(1)

Health Care Payments: Fraud And Abuse

300

(13)

Fraud And Abuse Generally

300

(3)

Kickbacks And Self-Dealing

303

(1)

United States v. Greber

303

(4)

Questions

307

(1)

Robert Salcido, Application of the False Claims Act ``Knowledge'' Standard: What Must One ``Know'' to Be Held Liable Under the Act

307

(3)

Self-dealing

310

(1)

Safe Harbors

311

(2)

Long-Term Care

313

(88)

Long-Term Care: The Larger Picture

314

(1)

The Overall Cost Of Long-Term Care

314

(1)

Policy Issues

314

(1)

Long-Term Care Outside The United States

315

(2)

Questions

317

(1)

Paying For Long-Term Care

317

(6)

Calculating Costs

318

(1)

Long-Term Care Insurance

318

(1)

Questions

319

(1)

Notes and Questions

320

(1)

Tax Treatment Of Long-Term Care Expense

320

(1)

Cash Accumulation Plans

321

(1)

McCormack & Peterson, ``Living Benefits'' for the Insured, Terminally Ill Client

322

(1)

Note

323

(1)

Medicaid

323

(37)

Administration And Finance

323

(1)

State and Federal Interaction

324

(1)

Questions

324

(1)

Appeals Process

325

(1)

Scope Of Benefits

325

(1)

Waivers of Fundamental Program Rules

326

(1)

Notes and Questions

327

(1)

Medicaid Managed Care

327

(1)

Medicaid Nursing Home Discrimination

328

(2)

Questions and Note

330

(1)

Eligibility

330

(1)

Categorically Needy

330

(1)

Medically Needy

331

(1)

``Spend-Down'' Income Test

331

(1)

``Income Cap'' Income Test

332

(1)

Countable Income

333

(1)

Ceryes v. St. Louis County Welfare Board

333

(2)

Question

335

(1)

Treatment of Resources

335

(1)

Exempt Assets

335

(1)

Available Resources

336

(1)

Jackson v. Missouri Department of Social Services

337

(1)

Questions

338

(1)

Medicaid Planning

338

(1)

Unconstitutional Federal Criminal Penalties for Planners

338

(2)

Questions

340

(1)

Spending Excess Resources

340

(1)

Rules Governing Gifts

340

(2)

Questions

342

(1)

Disclaimer

342

(1)

Troy v. Hart

342

(3)

Question

345

(1)

Question

346

(1)

Transfers to Trusts

346

(1)

Nongrantor Trusts

347

(1)

Note on Supplemental Needs Trusts

347

(1)

Question

347

(1)

Spousal Impoverishment Protection

348

(1)

Treatment of Income

348

(1)

Treatment of Resources

348

(1)

Wisconsion Department of Health and Family Services v. Blumer

349

(11)

Question

360

(1)

Appropriate Care And Quality Assurance

360

(7)

Introduction: Cost, Choice And Quality

360

(4)

Level Of Care

364

(3)

Questions

367

(1)

Nursing Facility Quality Assurance

367

(13)

Licensing Requirements For Facilities, Operators, And Administrators

367

(2)

Questions

369

(1)

Nursing Facility Quality Of Care Legislation

369

(1)

Question

370

(1)

Nursing Home Staffing

370

(1)

Questions

371

(1)

Nurse Aide Training

371

(1)

Questions

372

(1)

Residents Bill Of Rights

372

(2)

Question

374

(1)

Note: The Use of Physical and Chemical Restraints

374

(1)

Senate Special Committee on Aging, Untie the Elderly: Quality Care Without Restraints

374

(2)

The Long-Term Care Ombudsman

376

(1)

Questions

376

(1)

Note: An Assessment of Regulation and Quality of Care

377

(3)

Administrative Sanctions

380

(1)

Contracts For Nursing Home Care

380

(8)

Third-Party Guarantees

381

(1)

Solicitation Of Contributions

381

(1)

Durations-Of-Stay Clauses

382

(1)

Question

382

(1)

Waivers Of Liability

382

(1)

Unfair Trade Practices

383

(1)

Slovik v. Prime Healthcare Corporation D / B / A Dadeville Convalescent Home

383

(5)

Question

388

(1)

Nursing Home Quality Of Care Litigation

388

(13)

Montgomery Health Care Facility v. Ballard

389

(3)

Parker v. Illinois Masonic Warren Barr Pavilion

392

(3)

Note

395

(1)

Schenck v. Living Centers-East, Inc.

395

(3)

Mcleod v. Plymouth Court Nursing Home

398

(3)

Housing

401

(52)

Introduction

401

(1)

Planning For Choices In Housing

402

(4)

The Continuum Of Care

402

(3)

Timothy M. Vogel, Private Sector Long-Term Care Planning

405

(1)

Jim Moore, Spending Assets Prudently for Quality Assisted Living

406

(1)

Aging In Place

406

(12)

Payment Sources For In-Home Services

407

(1)

Reverse Mortgages

407

(1)

Celeste M. Hammond, Reverse Mortgages: A Financial Planning Device for the Elderly

407

(2)

Note on Government Mortgage Assistance

409

(1)

Family Financing: Sale and Leaseback

410

(1)

House Sharing

411

(1)

Questions

412

(1)

State Property Tax Relief

412

(1)

Accessing Quality In-Home Services

413

(1)

Geriatric Care Managers

413

(1)

Abrahams & Lamb, Developing Reliable Assessment in Case-Managed Geriatric Long Term Care Programs in Case Management: Guiding Patients Through the Health Care Maze

414

(1)

Employment of Care Givers: Choices and Employer Requirements

415

(1)

Government Assistance to the Elderly in Their Homes

416

(2)

Retirement Housing

418

(4)

Restricted Communities

418

(1)

Planned Unit Development and Common Interest Communities (PUDs and CICs)

418

(2)

Age Restricted Communities

420

(1)

Low Cost Housing

421

(1)

Mobile Homes and Manufactured Housing

421

(1)

Single Room Occupancy Hotels

422

(1)

Question

422

(1)

Supportive Housing

422

(14)

Non-Medical Residential Facilities and Communities

423

(1)

Assisted Living

423

(1)

Appropriate Residents for Assisted Living

423

(1)

How Assisted Living is Financed

424

(1)

The Admissions Contract

425

(1)

Negotiated Risk

426

(1)

Notes and Questions

427

(1)

Board and Care Homes

427

(3)

Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs)

430

(2)

Questions

432

(1)

Bower v. The Estaugh

433

(3)

Legal Constraints On Living With Assistance

436

(9)

Restrictions On Group Homes

436

(4)

Erin Ziaja, Do Independent and Assisted Living Communities Violate the Fair Housing Amendments Act and the Americans With Disabilities Act?

440

(2)

Question

442

(1)

Construction And Land Use

442

(1)

Rowatti v. Gonchar

443

(2)

Questions

445

(1)

Subsidized Housing For The Elderly

445

(8)

Senate Special Committee on Aging, Developments in Aging

445

(1)

Basic Eligibility

446

(1)

Demand-Side Government Assistance Programs: Section 8 Rent Subsidies

447

(1)

Question

448

(1)

Supply-Side Government Assistance Programs

448

(1)

Public Housing

448

(1)

Kevin M. Cremin, Note: The Transition to Section 8 Housing: Will the Elderly Be Left Behind?

449

(1)

Section 202 Housing Assistance

450

(1)

Christine M. Cedrone, Public Housing for the Elderly in Massachusetts: How Federal and State Disability Laws and Regulations Have Created A Sense of Confinement

451

(1)

Notes and Questions

452

(1)

Guardianship

453

(70)

The Need For Guardianship For The Elderly

453

(2)

Webster Ross, Helen Petrovitch, and Lon R. White, Update on Dementia

454

(1)

The Development Of Guardianship Law

455

(2)

In the Matter of the Guardianship of Hedin

455

(1)

Frolik, Plenary Guardianship: An Analysis, a Critique and a Proposal for Reform

456

(1)

Fundamental Liberties And Guardianship

457

(3)

Dale v. Hahn

457

(2)

Questions

459

(1)

Note: The Vocabulary of Guardianship

459

(1)

Due Process In Guardianship Proceedings

460

(12)

Good & King, The Judges: Some Are Thorough, But Others Exercise Little Oversight

460

(1)

Notice

461

(1)

Questions

462

(1)

Expert Testimony

462

(1)

Streim, M.D., The Role of the Geriatric Psychiatrist in Evaluation of Mental Health Problems in Elderly Patients

463

(3)

Questions

466

(1)

Presence And Participation At The Hearing

466

(1)

Questions

467

(1)

Burden And Standard Of Proof

467

(1)

In re Boyer

468

(1)

Questions

469

(1)

Representation And Advocacy

469

(2)

Questions

471

(1)

Note on Guardianship Costs and Fees

471

(1)

Question

471

(1)

Ongoing Oversight By The Courts

471

(1)

Mediation In Guardianship

472

(5)

Susan N. Gary, Mediation and the Elderly: Using Mediation to Resolve Probate Disputes Over Guardianship and Inheritance

473

(1)

Susan D. Hartman, Mediation of Disputes Arising in Adult Guardianship Cases

473

(2)

Mary F. Radford, Is the Use of Mediation Appropriate in Adult Guardianship Cases?

475

(2)

The Determination Of Incapacity

477

(11)

Shamblin v. Collier

478

(2)

Questions

480

(1)

Functional Concepts Of Impairment

480

(2)

Assessing Mental Capacity

482

(1)

Medical Assessment

482

(1)

Psychological Assessment

482

(1)

Functional Assessment

483

(1)

The Quality of the Respondent's Decisionmaking

484

(1)

Tennessee Department of Human Services v. Northern

484

(2)

Questions

486

(1)

Vulnerability

486

(1)

Deffenbaugh v. Claphan

486

(2)

Question

488

(1)

Allocation Of Powers Between Guardian And Ward

488

(17)

Personal And Property Decisionmaking Powers

489

(1)

Questions

489

(1)

The Doctrine Of The Least Restrictive Alternative

489

(1)

Questions

490

(1)

Limited Guardianship

490

(1)

In re Boyer

490

(2)

Question

492

(1)

Lawrence A. Frolik, Guardianship Reform: When the Best is the Enemy of the Good

492

(3)

Representative Payee For Government Benefits

495

(1)

Questions

495

(1)

Conservatorship

496

(1)

Harvey v. Meador

496

(3)

Questions

499

(1)

Voluntary Guardianship And Guardianship Diversion

499

(1)

Bryan v. Century National Bank

500

(4)

Questions

504

(1)

Scope Of The Guardian's Authority

505

(8)

In re Medworth

507

(1)

Questions

507

(1)

Financial Duties And Property Planning

508

(2)

Alison Barnes, The Liberty and Property of Elders: Guardianship and Will Contests as the Same Claim

510

(1)

Questions

511

(1)

Specific Powers Requiring Court Order

512

(1)

In the Matter of the Guardianship of Agnes T

512

(1)

Who Should Serve As Guardian?

513

(7)

Priority Of Appointment

513

(1)

Glatthar v. Hoequist

514

(2)

Questions

516

(1)

Public And Professional Guardians

516

(2)

Alison Barnes, The Virtues of Corporate and Professional Guardians

518

(1)

Question and Notes

519

(1)

Removal Of Guardians And Termination Of Guardianship

520

(3)

In re Harris

520

(1)

Question

521

(2)

Property Management

523

(24)

Durable Power Of Attorney

523

(13)

Capacity To Create A Power Of Attorney

524

(1)

Formalities Of Execution

525

(1)

Questions

526

(1)

Revocation

526

(1)

Question

527

(1)

In re Ord Brubaker

527

(2)

Determining Incapacity: ``Springing'' Powers

529

(1)

Questions

530

(1)

Scope And Use Of The Power

531

(1)

Questions

532

(1)

Gifts By the Attorney in Fact

532

(1)

Mower v. Eddie

533

(1)

Question

534

(1)

Safe Deposit Box Access

534

(1)

Other Issues

534

(1)

Questions

535

(1)

Question

536

(1)

Joint Ownership

536

(5)

Kitchen v. Guarisco

538

(2)

Note, The Right of Survivorship in Joint Bank Accounts and Safe Deposit Boxes --- The Search for a Solution

540

(1)

Questions

541

(1)

Revocable Trusts

541

(6)

Question

545

(2)

Health Care Decision Making

547

(84)

The Doctrine Of Informed Consent

547

(4)

Scott v. Bradford

548

(2)

The Emergency Care Exception

550

(1)

Therapeutic Privilege Exception

550

(1)

Patient Waiver

551

(1)

Informed Consent: Myth Or Reality?

551

(2)

Questions

552

(1)

The Right Of A Competent Patient To Die

553

(5)

The Common Law Right To Die

553

(1)

Superintendent of Belchertown State School v. Saikewicz

553

(1)

Question

554

(1)

Question

555

(1)

The Constitutional Right To Die

556

(1)

Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health

557

(1)

Informed Consent: The Mentally Incapacitated Patient

558

(12)

Does The Patient Have The Requisite Mental Capacity?

558

(1)

Questions

558

(1)

Payne v. Marion General Hospital

559

(5)

Questions

564

(1)

Note, Determining Patient Competency

564

(2)

Incapacitated Or Just Eccentric?

566

(1)

In re Milton

567

(3)

Terminal Illness, Brain Death, And Persistent Vegetative State

570

(3)

Terminal Illness

570

(1)

Brain Death

570

(1)

Persistent Vegetative State Or Permanent Unconsciousness

571

(2)

Questions

573

(1)

Surrogate Decision Making For The Incapacitated Patient: Advance Health Care Directives

573

(9)

Living Wills

574

(1)

The Terminal Illness Requirement

574

(1)

Questions

575

(1)

Questions

576

(1)

Irreversible Brain Disease

576

(1)

Foregoing Nutrition and Hydration

577

(1)

Questions

578

(1)

Formalities of Execution

579

(1)

Duration of Validity and Revocation of the Directive

579

(1)

Questions

580

(1)

Question

581

(1)

Validity in Other Jurisdictions

581

(1)

Notification and Liability

581

(1)

Appointment Of A Surrogate Decisionmaker

582

(3)

Edward J. Larson and Thomas A. Eaton, The Limits of Advance Directives: A History and Assessment of the Patient Self-Determination Act

582

(2)

Questions

584

(1)

Termination Of Life-Sustaining Treatment Without A Formal Advance Directive

585

(28)

In re Quinlan

585

(4)

Questions

589

(1)

Termination Of Life-Sustaining Treatment Based Upon Substituted Judgement

589

(1)

In re Tavel

590

(6)

Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health

596

(10)

Questions

606

(1)

In re Fiori

607

(3)

Questions

610

(1)

Termination Of Life-Sustaining Treatment Based Upon A Best Interest Test

610

(1)

In re Guardianship of Hamlin

610

(1)

Questions

611

(1)

The Future

612

(1)

Euthanasia And Physician-Assisted Suicide

613

(18)

Tom L. Beauchamp, The Justification of Physician- Assisted Suicide

614

(1)

Judicial Response

615

(1)

Washington v. Glucksberg

616

(6)

Robert J. Burt, Rationality and Injustice in Physician- Assisted Suicide

622

(1)

Marshall B. Kapp, ``Old Folks on the Slippery Slope'': Elderly Patients and Physician Assisted Suicide

623

(2)

Statutory Response

625

(1)

Edward R. Grant, Paul B. Linton, Relief or Reproach?: Euthanasia Rights in the Wake of Measure 16

626

(1)

Paul J. Zwier, Looking for a Nonlegal Process: Physician-Assisted Suicide and the Care Perspective

627

(1)

Question

628

(1)

The Netherlands Experience

629

(1)

Potts, Looking for the Exit Door

629

(1)

Julia Belian, Deference to Doctors in Dutch Euthanasia Law

629

(1)

Questions

630

(1)

Elder Abuse, Neglect, And Crime

631

(1)

Introduction

631

(1)

Questions

632

(1)

Defining Abuse And Neglect

632

(4)

Note, Elder Abuse in California

633

(1)

Elder Abuse: A Decade of Shame and Inaction (Report of the Subcommittee on Health and Long-term Care of the House Select Committee on Aging)

634

(2)

Question

636

(1)

Who Are The Victims Of Elder Abuse?

636

(1)

Questions

637

(1)

Who Abuses Older People And Why?

637

(4)

Questions

638

(1)

Domestic Caregivers

638

(1)

Questions

639

(1)

Institutional Caregivers

640

(1)

Self-Neglect

641

(5)

Elder Abuse: A Decade of Shame and Inaction (Report of the Subcommittee on Health and Long-term Care of the House Select Committee on Aging)

641

(1)

Questions

642

(1)

In re Herbert Byrne & re Norma Turner

643

(3)

Questions

646

(1)

Adult Protective Services Systems

646

(14)

Procedures

646

(2)

Consent To Protective Services

648

(1)

Nonconsensual And Emergency Intervention

649

(1)

Questions

650

(1)

Mandatory Reporting

651

(1)

Questions

652

(1)

Confidentiality Of Abuse Report Records

652

(1)

Civil Constraints And Criminal Penalties For Abusers

653

(1)

Note: The Not-So Golden Years: The Legal Response to Elder Abuse

653

(1)

People v. Heitzman

654

(6)

Financial Abuse

660

(11)

Carolyn L. Dessin, Financial Abuse of the Elderly

660

(3)

In re the Estate of Gasparac

663

(4)

In re Estate of Ostrowski

667

(4)

Older Persons And The Criminal Justice System

671

(1)

Elderly People As Targets Of Crime

671

(1)

Questions

671

(2)

Questions

673

(1)

``Vulnerable Victim'' Sentencing Standards

673

(1)

United States v. Feldman

674

(2)

United States v. Charles Lowell Kentz

676

(2)

United States v. Rumsavich

678

(4)

Abrams v. Delaware

682

(2)

Elderly Criminals

684

(1)

William E. Adams, Jr., The Incarceration of Older Criminals: Balancing Safety, Cost and Humanitarian Concerns

684

(2)

Questions

686

(1)

Reduced Sentences Due To Age And Physical Condition

686

(1)

United States v. Brooke

686

(3)

Questions

689

(1)

Elderly Prisoners

689

(1)

William E. Adams, Jr., The Incarceration of Older Criminals: Balancing Safety, Cost and Humanitarian Concerns

689

(1)

Patricia S. Corwin, Comment: Senioritis: Why Elderly Federal Inmates are Literally Dying to Get Out of Prison

690

(2)

Nadine Curran, Note: Blue Hairs in the Bighouse: The Rise in the Elderly Inmate Population, Its Effects on the Overcrowding Dilemma and Solutions to Correct It

692

(1)

Susan Lundstrom, Dying to Get Out: A Study on the Necessity, Importance, and Effectiveness of Prison Early Release Programs for Elderly Inmates Suffering from HIV Disease and Other Terminal-Centered Illnesses

693

(1)

Question

694

Table of Cases

(1)

Index