9780397552764

PART I THE LAW IN GENERAL

(63)

Sources and Classification of Law

(10)

Donna Miller Rostant

Definition and Scope of the Term ``Law''

(1)

Origins of Law

(1)

Governmental Bodies and Limitations on Legislation

(6)

Statutes

(1)

Federal Statutes

(1)

State Statutes

(2)

Ordinances

(1)

Case Law

(1)

Reporting Judicial Decisions

(1)

Administrative Agency Rules

(1)

Classification of Laws--Civil and Criminal Law

(2)

Conclusion

(2)

Theories of Liability

(10)

Rebecca F. Cady

Unintentional Torts

(2)

Professional Negligence

(1)

Lack of Informed Consent

(1)

Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress

(1)

Wrongful Death

(1)

Wrongful Birth/Wrongful Life

(1)

Intentional Torts

(3)

Spoliation of Evidence

(1)

Battery

(1)

Fraud

(1)

Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress

(1)

Miscellaneous Causes of Action

(1)

Loss of Consortium

(1)

Breach of Fiduciary Duty

(1)

Invasion of Privacy

(1)

Emtala

(1)

Defenses

(1)

Conclusion

(3)

Defining the Standard of Care

(18)

Patricia Fedorka

State Statutes

(1)

Nurse practice Acts

(1)

The American Nurses Association (ANA)

(1)

National Professional Nursing Organizations

(1)

Documentary Evidence

(5)

Established references

(2)

Textbooks

(1)

In-Service Training Manuals and Information

(1)

The Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations

(1)

Hospital Policies, Procedures, and Protocols

(1)

The Expert Witness

(7)

Legal Duty Established by Law

(1)

Res ipsa loquitur-``The Thing Speaks for itself''

(1)

Not Helpful to a Jury

(3)

Professional Negligence and Nursing Malpractice

(10)

Davia Solomon

Rebecca F. Cady

Sources of Legal Responsibility

(1)

Ordinary Negligence

(1)

Professional Negligence or Malpractice

(2)

Res lpsa Loquitur

(1)

Duty/Breach

(1)

Proximate or Legal Causation

(1)

Harm

(1)

Duties of the Generalist Nurse

(1)

Advanced Practice Nurses

(1)

Case Example

(1)

Conclusion

(4)

Trial Process

(12)

Mable Smith-Pittman

Evaluation of the Case

(2)

Pleading

(1)

Complaint

(1)

Demurrer

(1)

Answer

(1)

Defenses

(1)

Statute of Limitations

(1)

Sovereign Immunity

(1)

Good Samaritan

(1)

Contributory Negligence

(1)

Assumption of the Risk

(1)

Counterclaim

(1)

Discovery

(1)

Depositions

(1)

Written or Telephone Deposition

(1)

Interrogatories

(1)

Requests for Production of Documents

(1)

Requests for Medical Examinations

(1)

Requests for Admission

(1)

Pretrial Conference

(1)

Motion for Summary Judgment

(1)

Jury

(1)

Order of the Trial

(4)

Burden of Proof

(1)

Opening Statements

(2)

Testimony

(1)

Jury Instructions

(1)

Verdict for the Defendant

(1)

Appeal

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

PART II SPECIFIC PERINATAL LIABILITY ISSUES

(110)

Scope of Perinatal Liability

(10)

Barbara Peterson Sinclair

Davia Solomon

Personal Liability

(1)

Vicarious Liability

(5)

Employer-Employee

(1)

Direct Versus Vicarious Liability

(1)

Captain of the Ship/Borrowed Servant Doctrines

(1)

Independent Contractors

(1)

Agents

(1)

Students

(1)

Corporate Liability

(2)

Types of Hospitals

(1)

Government of Public Hospitals

(1)

Charitable Nonprofit Hospitals

(1)

Corporate Negligence

(1)

For-Profit Proprietary Hospitals

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

Critical Care Obstetrics

(14)

Suzanne McMurtry Baird

Sources of Liability

(8)

Failure to Assess

(2)

Failure to Intervene

(1)

Failure to Document Accurately and Appropriately

(1)

Failure to Validate Informed Consent

(1)

Failure to Appropriately Use Technology and Equipment

(1)

Improper Use of Restraints

(1)

Failure to Follow Advanced Directives

(2)

Improper Administration of Medication

(1)

Strategies to Limit Liability

(5)

Standards of Care

(1)

Standing Orders

(1)

Organizational Support for Staffing and Staff Development

(1)

Consultation

(1)

Maternal Stabilizaion and Transport

(1)

Conclusion

(3)

Assessment of the Patient in Labor

(16)

Susan B. Drummond

Role of the Intrapartum Nurse

(3)

Triage Responsibilities

(1)

Admission Assessment

(2)

Stages of Labor

(4)

First Stage of Labor

(2)

Second Stage of Labor

(1)

Third Stage of Labor

(1)

Fourth Stage of Labor

(1)

Ongoing Assessment

(1)

Situations of Risk

(4)

Uterine Rupture

(1)

Fundal Versus Suprapubic Pressure

(1)

Umbilical Cord Prolapse

(1)

Abruptio Placentae

100

(1)

Strategies to Decrease Liability

101

(1)

Standards of Care

101

(1)

Documentation

101

(1)

Communication

101

(1)

Summary

102

(3)

Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring and Interpretation

105

(14)

Michelle Murray

Donna Miller Rostant

Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring

106

(1)

The Standard of Care for Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring-AWHONN

106

(4)

Antepartal Period

106

(1)

Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring

107

(3)

Communication

110

(1)

Effective Communicaton

110

(1)

Terminology

110

(1)

Nurse--Patient Communicaton

111

(1)

Common Problems with Fetal Heart Rate Interpretation

111

(1)

Individual and Institutional Responsibility

111

(2)

Standardized Educational Programs

112

(1)

Documentation

113

(1)

Illustrative Cases Involving Fetal Monitoring and Strategies to Minimize Liability

114

(2)

Failure to Respond Appropriately

114

(1)

Chain of Command

114

(1)

Failure to Interpret Fetal Distress

115

(1)

Conclusion

116

(3)

The Use of Pitocin in Labor

119

(12)

Debi Law

Review of Labor

119

(1)

Dystocia

120

(1)

Induction and Augmentation

120

(2)

Maternal and Fetal Indications for Oxytocin Administration

120

(1)

Pharmacokinetics of Pitocin

120

(1)

Risks of Oxytocin Infusion

121

(1)

Assessment

122

(1)

Staffing

123

(1)

Protocols Related to Preparation and Administration of Oxytocin

123

(1)

Nursing Care of the Patient Undergoing Induction or Augmentation

124

(1)

Nursing Care of the Patient Undergoing Rapid Augmentation

124

(2)

Case Examples

126

(1)

Strategies to Minimize Risk

127

(1)

Conclusion

128

(3)

Care of the Neonate: Nursery, Resuscitation, and Transfer Issues

131

(18)

Kimberly E. Carr

Standards of Care

131

(1)

Liability in the nursery

132

(1)

Assessment of Nursing Competency

133

(1)

Certification

133

(1)

Additional Requirements

134

(1)

Risk Areas

134

(9)

Assessment Factors

134

(2)

Assessment/Intervention Errors

136

(1)

Medication Administration

137

(2)

Rooming-In

139

(1)

Kidnapping

140

(1)

Resuscitation

140

(2)

Transport

142

(1)

Supervision

143

(1)

Strategies to Decrease Risk

143

(1)

Policies and Procedures

143

(1)

Risk Management

143

(1)

Documentation

144

(1)

Conclusion

144

(5)

Telephone Triage and the Office Nurse

149

(8)

Rebecca F. Cady

Competencies for Perinatal Telephone Triage

149

(2)

Registered Nurse

150

(1)

Acute Care Obstetric Experience

150

(1)

Clinical Competencies

150

(1)

Decision Making/Problem Solving

150

(1)

Knowledge of Protocols

150

(1)

Triage

150

(1)

Resource Identification

150

(1)

Patient Teaching and Communication

150

(1)

Patient Teaching and Communication

150

(1)

Health Assessment and History Taking

151

(1)

Communication with Physicians

151

(1)

Documentation

151

(1)

Development of Protocols

151

(1)

Sample Protocols

152

(3)

Bleeding in Pregnancy

152

(1)

Rule Out Labor

153

(1)

Abdominal Pain

153

(1)

Headache

153

(1)

Fetal Activity

153

(1)

Nausea and Vomiting

153

(2)

Vaginal Discharge

155

(1)

Breast Complaints

155

(1)

Conclusion

155

(2)

Home Health and Ambulatory Nursing Liabilities

157

(16)

Diana C. Ballard

Trends, Uses, and the Influence of Managed Care

157

(1)

Moving Away from Institutions: Home Care and Other Ambulatory Settings

158

(1)

Characteristics of the Environment and Legal Implications

158

(1)

Home Health Care and the Service Continuum

158

(1)

Degree of Autonomy and Responsibility

158

(1)

Important General Approaches

159

(1)

Care Planning and Communication

159

(1)

Observation and Evaluation of the Environment

159

(1)

Unique Nursing Skills Required

160

(1)

Perinatal Home Health Care Initiatives: Clinical Applications

160

(3)

Specialized Home Health Care Services

160

(1)

Early Discharge Program

160

(1)

Case Study of an Early Discharge Program: A Coordinated Approach

161

(1)

Metabolic Prescreening

161

(1)

Home Monitoring for Preterm Labor Risk

161

(1)

Breastfeeding

162

(1)

Jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia

162

(1)

Puerperal Infection

163

(1)

Areas of Risk

163

(1)

Alternate Site Provides

163

(1)

Duties of the Home Health Care Agency or Other Organization

164

(2)

Agency/Organization Licensing

164

(1)

Individual Home Health Care Provider

164

(1)

Hiring

164

(2)

Clarity of Scope of Practice: Potential for Performance of Medical Acts

166

(1)

Personnel Safety Risks

166

(1)

OSHA Advisory on Workplace Violence

166

(1)

Illegal Activities

167

(1)

Documentation

167

(2)

Primary Means of Communication to Other Caregivers

168

(1)

Computerized Patient Records

168

(1)

Reimbursement for Services

168

(1)

Continuation of Care/Duration of Payment

168

(1)

Evidence in Legal Proceedings

169

(1)

Guardianship, Child Neglect, and Custody Proceedings

169

(1)

Telemedicine

169

(1)

Conclusion

170

(3)

PART III MISCELLANEOUS LIABILITY ISSUES

173

(98)

Patient Rights

175

(12)

Mary Catherine Rubert

Advance Directives

175

(3)

The Incompetent Patient

176

(1)

Types of Advance Directives

177

(1)

The Living Will

177

(1)

Durable Health Care Power of Attorney

177

(1)

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations

178

(2)

Ramifications of Not Being Accredited by the JCAHO

179

(1)

Antidumping Legislation

180

(2)

Protected Persons

180

(1)

Emergency Room Patients

180

(1)

Women in Active Labor

180

(1)

Requirements for Transfer to Another Facility

180

(1)

Penalties

181

(1)

National Practitioner Data Bank

182

(2)

Reporting Requirements

182

(1)

Mandatory Reporting

182

(1)

Elective Reporting

183

(1)

Responsibility to Inquire

183

(1)

Summary

184

(3)

Informed Consent

187

(14)

Carolyn Harris

Carolyn Curtis

Pamela Copeland

Development of the Doctrine of Informed Consent

187

(1)

Informed Consent Process

188

(1)

Disclosure Requirements

189

(5)

Preconception Period

189

(1)

The Antenatal Period

190

(1)

Antenatal Screening and Diagnosis

191

(1)

Serum Antenatal Screening Tests

192

(1)

Antenatal Diagnostic Tests

192

(1)

Ultrasonography

193

(1)

The Intrapartal Period

193

(1)

Postnatal Issues

194

(1)

Ongoing Disclosure Responsibility

194

(1)

Decisions About Pregnancy Resolution

195

(1)

Abortion

195

(1)

Nonaggressive Management

195

(1)

Other Issues Impacting the Informed Consent Process

196

(1)

Emergencies

196

(1)

Sterilization

196

(1)

Physical/Language Challenges

196

(1)

Incompetent Clients

196

(1)

Consequences for Nondisclosure

197

(1)

Documentation

198

(1)

Summary

199

(2)

The HIV-Positive Patient

201

(14)

Barbara Peterson Sinclair

Scope and Incidence of HIV/AIDS

201

(2)

Epidemiology of HIV in Women

202

(1)

Perinatal Transmission

202

(1)

Natural History of HIV Infection in Women

203

(1)

Gynecologic Manifestations

204

(1)

Pregnancy

204

(1)

An Overview of Current Treatment

204

(1)

Legal Safeguards and Issues

205

(6)

Disability Benefits

205

(1)

Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act

205

(1)

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

205

(2)

Reasonable Accommodation: Standard Precautions

207

(1)

Privacy and Confidentiality

207

(2)

Informed Consent

209

(1)

Antibody Testing

209

(1)

Clinical Trials

210

(1)

Advance Directive

210

(1)

Strategies to Reduce Risk

211

(1)

Conclusion

212

(3)

Liability Concerns in Perinatal Staffing

215

(10)

Pamela J. Reidy

Christine Sullivan

Staffing: A Planned Approach

215

(2)

Planning for Staff Competence

217

(1)

Competency: An Overview

217

(1)

Principles of Staff Competency

218

(1)

Cross-training Staff

218

(1)

Contingency Staffing

218

(2)

Criteria That Contingency Staffing Should Include

219

(1)

A Team Approach

220

(1)

Staff Assignments

221

(1)

Staffing with Unlicensed Assistive Personnel

221

(2)

Conclusion

223

(2)

Documentation

225

(18)

Trish King-Urbanski

Rebecca F. Cady

Trends in Health Care Litigation

226

(1)

Risk Management Strategies

226

(1)

Documentation Problems

227

(2)

Inadequacy

227

(1)

Late Entries

228

(1)

Inaccuracy

228

(1)

Corrections Versus Alterations

228

(1)

Incomplete or Missing Records

229

(1)

Factors That Define Quality Documentation

229

(4)

Frequency and Completeness

229

(2)

Hospital Policies

231

(1)

Legal Standards

231

(1)

Documentation Systems

232

(1)

Obstetric Documentation Issues

233

(4)

Antenatal and Ambulatory Care

233

(1)

Delay in Performing a Cesarean Section

234

(1)

Documentation of Fetal Movement

235

(1)

Telephone Triage

235

(1)

Unusual Occurrences in the Operative Delivery

236

(1)

Informed Consent

236

(1)

Fetal Monitor Strips

236

(1)

Improving Documentation

237

(2)

Nursing Process and Documentation

238

(1)

Things to Avoid

239

(1)

Conclusion

239

(4)

Liability Of The Nurse Educator

243

(14)

Jan M. Nick

Lois L. Salmeron

Responsibility of the OGN Nurse Educator

244

(1)

Application of Issues to Clinical Practice

244

(2)

Liability in the Clinical Setting

244

(1)

Clinical Negligence

244

(1)

Minimizing Clinical Liability

245

(1)

Nurse Educator Liability in the Institutional Setting

246

(6)

Academic Dismissal Liability

247

(1)

Tort Liability and Nursing Educators

247

(1)

Educator Liability and the 14th Amendment

248

(1)

Due Process Liability

248

(1)

Procedural Due Process

248

(1)

Substantive Due Process

248

(1)

Equal Protection

249

(1)

Admission Issues

249

(1)

Accessibility Issues

250

(1)

Reasonable Accommodation Issues

250

(1)

Minimizing Nurse Educator Liability

250

(2)

Other Liability Issues

252

(1)

Faculty Liability Insurance

252

(1)

Reasons for Carrying Nurse Educator Liability Insurance

252

(1)

Educational Liability

253

(1)

Conclusion

253

(4)

Nurse--Physician Communication

257

(14)

Christine A. Sullivan

Mary A. Bowden

Communication and Risk Management

258

(1)

Historical Views on Nurse--Physician Communication

258

(1)

A Model for Effective Communication

259

(1)

Communication Standards

260

(1)

Factors Affecting Communication

261

(4)

Patient Care and Communication

263

(2)

Patient Care Practice Guidelines

265

(1)

Patient Care Redesign

265

(1)

Nursing Process

265

(2)

The Chain of Command

267

(3)

Pitfalls in Nurse--Physician Communication

268

(2)

Conclusion

270

(1)

PART IV CONTEMPORARY PERINATAL NURSING

271

(56)

The Nurse as an Expert Witness

273

(10)

Paula DiMeo Grant

Professional Obligation and Value of the Expert Witness

273

(2)

Qualifications of the Expert Witness

275

(1)

Role of the Nurse as Expert Witness

275

(6)

Overview of the Nurse's Role

275

(1)

Three Phases of the Nurse Expert Role

276

(1)

The Initial Phase

276

(1)

The Pretiral Phase

277

(1)

Trial Phase

278

(3)

Conclusion

281

(2)

Professional Liability Insurance

283

(12)

Paula Lashenske Burgess

Beverly Bulter Karasick

Purposes of Liability Insurance Coverage

283

(1)

Anatomy of a Liability Insurance Policy

284

(7)

Declarations

284

(1)

Coverage (Insuring) Agreement

285

(1)

Key Phrase Indicates Types of Coverage

285

(1)

Key Phrase Indicates Supervisory Coverage

286

(1)

Key Phrase Indicates Extent of Coverage

286

(1)

Supplementary Payments

286

(1)

Limits of Liability

286

(1)

Defense and Settlement

287

(1)

Policy Territory and Worldwide Protection

288

(1)

Exclusions and Restrictions

288

(1)

Conditions

288

(1)

Notice of an Adverse Occurrence

289

(1)

If a Claim Occurs

289

(1)

If You Wish to Cancel

290

(1)

Endorsements

290

(1)

If You Want to Transfer Coverage

290

(1)

If You Have Multiple Policies

290

(1)

If You Want to Subrogate

291

(1)

To Understanding Limitations of Insured and Insurer

291

(1)

Guidelines for Selection of a Policy

291

(1)

The Application Process

292

(1)

Summary

292

(3)

Advanced Practice Nursing

295

(22)

Teresa Dossey James

Defining Advanced Practice Nursing

295

(1)

Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)

295

(1)

Certified Nurse Medwife (CNM)

296

(1)

Nurse Practitioner (NP)

296

(1)

Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)

296

(1)

State Nurse Practice Acts and Advanced Practice Nursing

296

(2)

Licensure

297

(1)

Certification

297

(1)

Hospital Privileges

298

(1)

Scope of Practice

298

(1)

Standards of Care

299

(1)

Standardized Procedures/Protocols/Guidelines

300

(1)

Liability

301

(2)

Primary Liability

301

(1)

Vicarious Liability

302

(1)

Independent Practice

302

(1)

Hospital or Physician Employee

302

(1)

Impact of Managed Care

303

(1)

Expanded Scope of Practice

303

(1)

Patient Educator

303

(1)

Professional Educator

303

(1)

Consultant

304

(1)

Clinical Research

304

(1)

Prescriptive Authority

304

(1)

Reimbursement

305

(10)

Conclusion

315

(2)

Computer Technologies: Legal and Practice Issues

317

(10)

Cathy Beffa

The Legal Basis: Privacy and Confidentiality

318

(1)

The Automated Medical Record

318

(1)

Computer Safeguards

318

(2)

Nursing Practice Safeguards for Computer Use

319

(1)

Public Versus Private Information

320

(1)

Legislation: Medical Records on the Internet

321

(1)

Ethical Responsibilities

321

(1)

Computer Privacy Guidelines for Nurses

322

(2)

Employer/Employee Information

322

(1)

Family Members Seeking Family Information

323

(1)

Employee Information

323

(1)

Clinical Information in a Non-Clinical Setting

323

(1)

Third Party Disclosure

323

(1)

Confidentiality Guidelines

324

(1)

Conclusion

324

(3)

Glossary

327

(2)

Index

329

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AWHONN's Liability Issues in Perinatal Nursing

0397552769

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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