Shape memory materials are fascinating materials, with the potential for application as "smart materials" and also as new functional materials. This book presents a systematic and up-to-date account of all aspects of shape memory materials, from fundamentals to applications. Starting from the basic principles of the martensitic transformation, on which the shape memory effect and the superelasticity of alloys are based, the mechanisms of the two phenomena are clearly described, together with possible applications. The characteristics, fabrication techniques and thermomechanical treatment of various shape memory alloys are described in detail, with special emphasis on Ti-Ni and Ti-Ni-X (with X being Cu, Fe etc.) alloys. The book then describes various applications and design principles, for example in actuators, medical applications and as smart materials. The book contains chapters on shape memory ceramics and polymers as well as shape memory alloys, making the book a comprehensive account of the field.

List of contributors

xi

Preface

xiii

Introduction

1

(26)

K. Otsuka

C. M. Wayman

Invitation to shape memory effect and the notion of martensitic transformation

1

(4)

Martensitic transformations: crystallography

5

(16)

Martensitic transformations: thermodynamic aspects

21

(6)

Mechanism of shape memory effect and superelasticity

27

(22)

K. Otsuka

C. M. Wayman

Stress-induced martensitic transformation and superelasticity

27

(9)

Shape memory effect

36

(8)

Rubber-like behavior

44

(5)

Ti-Ni shape memory alloys

49

(48)

T. Saburi

Structure and transformations

49

(9)

Mechanical behavior of Ti-Ni alloys

58

(15)

Ternary alloying

73

(6)

Self-accommodation in martensites

79

(5)

All-round shape memory (Two-way shape memory)

84

(3)

Effects of irradiation on the shape memory behavior

87

(1)

Sputter-deposited films of Ti-Ni alloys

87

(6)

Melt-spun ribbons of Ti-Ni alloys

93

(4)

Cu-based shape memory alloys

97

(20)

T. Tadaki

Phase diagrams of typical Cu-based shape memory alloys

97

(3)

Mechanical behavior

100

(5)

Aging effects of shape memory alloys

105

(4)

Thermal cycling effects

109

(3)

Improvements of shape memory alloys

112

(5)

Ferrous shape memory alloys

117

(16)

T. Maki

Morphology and substructure of ferrous martensite

117

(1)

Ferrous alloys exhibiting shape memory effect

118

(3)

Shape memory effect associated with α thin plate martensite

121

(5)

Shape memory effect associated with &epsis; martensite in Fe--Mn--Si alloys

126

(7)

Fabrication of shape memory alloys

133

(16)

Y. Suzuki

Fabrication of Ti--Ni based alloys

134

(9)

Fabrication of Cu--Al--Zn based alloys

143

(2)

Powder metallurgy and miscellaneous methods

145

(4)

Characteristics of shape memory alloys

149

(35)

J. Van Humbeeck

R. Stalmans

Summary of the functional properties

149

(2)

A generalized thermodynamic description of shape memory behaviour

151

(8)

Two-way memory behaviour

159

(3)

Constrained recovery -- generation of recovery stresses

162

(3)

The high damping capacity of shape memory alloys

165

(3)

Cycling effects, fatigue and degradation of shape memory alloys

168

(10)

Property values

178

(6)

Shape memory ceramics

184

(19)

K. Uchino

Development trends of new principle actuators

184

(1)

Shape memory ceramics

185

(4)

Sample preparation and experiments

189

(1)

Fundamental properties of the electric field-induced phase transition

190

(8)

Comparison with shape memory alloys

198

(1)

Applications of shape memory ceramics

199

(3)

Conclusions

202

(1)

Shape memory polymers

203

(17)

M. Irie

Shape memory effect of polymer materials

203

(3)

Thermal-responsive shape memory effect

206

(6)

Photo-responsive shape memory effect

212

(6)

Chemo-responsive shape memory effect

218

(2)

General applications of SMA's and smart materials

220

(20)

K. N. Melton

Introduction

220

(1)

History of applications of SMA

221

(1)

SMA couplings

222

(4)

Electrical connectors

226

(4)

Fastener type applications

230

(2)

History of applications of superelasticity

232

(2)

Selection criteria for SMA applications

234

(3)

Smart materials

237

(3)

The design of shape memory alloy actuators and their applications

240

(27)

I. Ohkata

Y. Suzuki

Characteristics of shape memory alloy actuators

240

(2)

The design of shape memory alloy springs

242

(5)

The design of two-way actuators

247

(7)

Shape memory alloy actuator applications

254

(13)

Medical and dental applications of shape memory alloys

267

(15)

S. Miyazaki

Introduction

267

(1)

Application examples

267

(9)

Corrosion resistance

276

(2)

Elution test

278

(1)

Biocompatibility

279

(3)

Index

282

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Shape Memory Materials

9780521663847

0521663849

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