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9780521887267

Chaos and Complexity in Psychology: The Theory of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780521887267

  • ISBN10:

    0521887267

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2008-11-10
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press

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Summary

While many books have discussed methodological advances in nonlinear dynamical systems theory (NDS), this volume is unique in its focus on NDS's role in the development of psychological theory. After an introductory chapter covering the fundamentals of chaos, complexity, and other nonlinear dynamics, subsequent chapters provide in-depth coverage of each of the specific topic areas in psychology. A concluding chapter takes stock of the field as a whole, evaluating important challenges for the immediate future. The chapters are written by experts in the use of NDS in each of their respective areas, including biological, cognitive, developmental, social, organizational, and clinical psychology. Each chapter provides an in-depth examination of theoretical foundations and specific applications and a review of relevant methods. This edited collection represents the state of the art in NDS science across the disciplines of psychology.

Table of Contents

Contributorsp. xi
Prefacep. xiii
Introduction to Nonlinear Dynamics and Complexityp. 1
Elephants and Horsesp. 1
General Systems Theories and Paradigmsp. 2
Elements of NDS Functionsp. 4
Attractors and Chaosp. 6
Bifurcations and Chaosp. 14
Fractals and Power Lawsp. 16
Self-Organizationp. 23
Catastrophe Theoryp. 28
Computational Methods for NDSp. 31
Summaryp. 35
Referencesp. 36
Collective Intelligence: Observations and Modelsp. 41
Introductionp. 41
Models of Collective Intelligencep. 43
Observations of Social Insect Behaviorp. 49
Conclusionp. 65
Referencesp. 66
Neurodynamics and Electrocortical Activityp. 73
Introductionp. 73
Basics of Cortical Activity and EEGp. 73
Digital EEG, Records, and Measurep. 75
Clinical and Cognitive Mathematical Phenomenology of EEGp. 77
Artificial Learning and Neural Networksp. 79
Freeman Cortical Networks and Other Sigmoidal Modelsp. 81
Hopfield's Integrate and Fire Neurons: Networks of Spiking Neuronsp. 83
The Hodgkin-Huxley Circuit and Other Neurodynamic Modelsp. 85
Bifurcation, Chaos, and Stochastic Resonance in Neurodynamicsp. 88
AP Propagation and TMSp. 92
Cortex Stimulation: Associative Memory and Bindingp. 95
Concluding Remarks and Perspectivesp. 97
Spectral Coherencep. 98
Referencesp. 99
Psychophysicsp. 108
Introductionp. 108
The Ubiquitous Ogivep. 112
Transientsp. 116
Hysteresisp. 118
Dimensions in Parallelp. 119
Extensions to Networksp. 122
Fast and Slow Dynamicsp. 123
The Existence of Inversesp. 124
Variations in Response-Time Durationsp. 125
Conclusionp. 127
Referencesp. 128
Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Perceptual Behavior: Implications for Dynamical Structurep. 132
Introductionp. 132
Shifts to the NDS Paradigmp. 133
Response Time and Eye Trackingp. 135
RT, Search, and Data Skewp. 136
Measuring Temporal Dependencies, Scaling, and Rates of Decayp. 143
Changing Behavioral Patterns Across Conditions: Previous Findingsp. 148
Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Dynamics in Neural Activityp. 150
Assessing Image Complexity and Visual Search Dynamicsp. 153
Results for Image Complexity and Visual Search Dynamicsp. 159
General Discussion and Conclusionsp. 163
Referencesp. 170
Embodied and Embedded: The Dynamics of Extracting Perceptual Visual Invariantsp. 177
Perceptual Stability and Labilityp. 177
Visual Perception and Constancy of Positionp. 177
Perception of Position Constancyp. 178
Fractal Perceptual-Motor Responsesp. 180
Dynamics of Action-Perception Cyclesp. 181
Intentional Dynamics and Invariance Extractionp. 183
Perceptual Constancy and Visual Search: Predictions and Methodsp. 184
Results and Discussion for Perceptual Constancy and Visual Searchp. 192
Conclusionp. 199
Referencesp. 201
Origins of Order in Cognitive Activityp. 206
Origins of Order in Cognitive Activityp. 206
Order and Information Processingp. 207
Emergence of Order in Complex Systemsp. 211
Evidence for Self-Organized Order in Cognitionp. 218
Summary and New Questionsp. 233
Referencesp. 234
Nonlinear Complex Dynamical Systems in Developmental Psychologyp. 242
Introductionp. 242
Dynamical Systems and Explanatory Adequacyp. 243
Development and the Dynamics of Long-Term Changep. 248
Action and the Dynamics of Short-Term Changep. 252
Developmental Phenomena from the NDS Viewpointp. 256
Fuzziness, Ambiguity, and the Developmental Construction of Noveltyp. 267
And Where's the Brain?p. 270
Conclusion: The Complex Dynamics of Developmentp. 271
Referencesp. 272
Developmental Psychopathology: Maladaptive and Adaptive Attractors in Children's Close Relationshipsp. 282
Introductionp. 282
Developmental Psychopathologyp. 283
Application of NDS Theory to Developmental Psychopathologyp. 287
Relationships as Nonlinear Dynamical Systemsp. 288
NDS Analytic Methods in Developmental Psychopathologyp. 290
New Directions in the Study of Attractorsp. 295
Implications for Intervention Sciencep. 298
Referencesp. 300
Psychopathologyp. 307
Introductionp. 307
The Dynamical Disease Approachp. 308
The Complexity Theory Approachp. 314
Empirical Examination of Perceptional Organization and Schizophreniap. 317
Gestalt Studies, Complexity, and Schizophreniap. 324
General Discussion and Conclusionsp. 325
Referencesp. 330
Coherence, Complexity, and Information Flow: Self-Organizing Processes in Psychotherapyp. 335
The True Nature of Psychotherapyp. 335
From Roots to Branches: Historical Development of the Process-Oriented Psychotherapiesp. 337
The Nonlinear Elephant in the Office: The Common NDS Assumptions of Therapy Processp. 350
Empirical Validation of the 5-R Modelp. 356
Related Empirical Results Using the NDS Perspectivep. 357
Summary and Conclusionsp. 361
Referencesp. 364
The Dynamics of Human Experience: Fundamentals of Dynamical Social Psychologyp. 370
Introductionp. 370
The Dynamical Perspectivep. 372
Dynamical Minimalismp. 381
The Dynamics of Social Influencep. 383
Dynamics of Interpersonal Synchronizationp. 388
The Trajectory of Dynamical Social Psychologyp. 393
Referencesp. 395
Group Dynamics: Adaptation, Coordination, and the Emergence of Leadersp. 402
Introductionp. 402
Adaptive Behaviorp. 403
Coordination Intersection Typep. 407
Coordination: Stag Hunt Typep. 414
Self-Organization and Leadership Emergencep. 418
Summaryp. 425
Referencesp. 427
Organizational Psychologyp. 434
Introductionp. 434
Why Do We Need Complexity Science?p. 435
How Has Complexity Science Been Used to Study Organizations?p. 440
Predictions About Future Developments in Organizational Sciencep. 443
Summaryp. 445
Referencesp. 446
Complexity, Evolution, and Organizational Behaviorp. 452
Introductionp. 452
Evolutionary Drivep. 454
Ignorance and Learningp. 455
Complexity and Evolutionary Drivep. 459
Modeling Human Systemsp. 462
Conclusionsp. 470
Referencesp. 472
Agent-Based Modeling Within a Dynamic Networkp. 475
Introductionp. 475
History of Social Simulation and Network Analysisp. 477
Agent-Based Simulation as a Research Strategyp. 482
Applied Agent-Based Simulationsp. 483
Designing an Agent-Based Dynamic Network Simulationp. 485
Simulation Software Platforms and Toolsp. 494
Limitationsp. 496
Implications for Researchersp. 497
Referencesp. 498
Epilogue: Psychology at the Edge of Chaosp. 506
Introductionp. 506
Psychology as a Sleeping Beautyp. 507
The Roles of NDS in Psychologyp. 509
Context, Evolution, and Growing Pointsp. 518
Future Challengesp. 522
Referencesp. 524
Indexp. 527
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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