9780071490078

Authors	p. ix
Preface	p. xiii
General Concerns
Acute Abdominal Pain: Basic Principles and Current Challenges	p. 1
Acute Abdominal Pain in the Elderly Nonsurgical Disorders Simulating the Acute Abdomen	p. 3
Evaluation of the Acute Abdomen	p. 4
Acute Appendicitis	p. 6
Unique Presentations of Appendicitis	p. 8
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Immunologic Considerations	p. 11
General Principles of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues	p. 12
Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease	p. 14
Pathogenesis of Crohn Disease: Underlying Mechanisms of Immune Dysregulation	p. 15
Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis: Immunologic Factors	p. 17
Regulatory Pathways in the Maintenance of Intestinal Tolerance	p. 18
Therapeutic Implications of the Immunobiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease	p. 19
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Medical Considerations	p. 22
General Considerations	p. 22
Clinical Findings	p. 23
Differential Diagnosis	p. 26
Complications	p. 27
Treatment	p. 28
Prognosis	p. 33
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Surgical Considerations	p. 34
Ulcerative Colitis	p. 34
Crohn Disease	p. 38
Acute Diarrheal Disorders	p. 45
Acute Diarrhea	p. 45
Acute Diarrheal Disease Caused by Specific Infections	p. 50
Mesenteric Ischemia	p. 64
Mesenteric Ischemia	p. 64
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia	p. 65
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia	p. 71
Gastrointestinal and Biliary Complications of Pregnancy	p. 75
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	p. 75
Nausea and Vomiting	p. 78
Hyperemesis Gravidarum	p. 79
Constipation	p. 81
Diarrhea	p. 82
Hemorrhoids	p. 82
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	p. 83
Fecal Incontinence	p. 85
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	p. 85
Abdominal pain	p. 88
Peptic Ulcer Disease	p. 89
Biliary Disease	p. 89
Pancreatitis	p. 90
Appendicitis	p. 91
Intestinal Obstruction, Pseudo-Obstruction, and Gastrointestinal Cancer	p. 92
Endoscopy in Pregnancy	p. 92
Hepatic Complications of Pregnancy	p. 98
Interpretation of Liver Biochemical Tests During Pregnancy	p. 98
Hepatic Conditions Unique to Pregnancy	p. 99
Conditions not Unique to Pregnancy	p. 101
State-of-the Art Imaging of the Gastrointestinal System	p. 103
Gastrointestinal Tract Imaging	p. 103
Liver Imaging	p. 116
Biliary Imaging	p. 121
Pancreatic Imaging	p. 126
Summary of Current Recommendations	p. 130
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Immunodeficiency	p. 131
General Considerations	p. 131
Pathogenesis	p. 131
Clinical Findings	p. 133
Treatment	p. 134
Esophageal Diseases
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	p. 139
General Considerations	p. 139
Clinical Findings	p. 140
Complications	p. 143
Treatment	p. 143
Course and Prognosis	p. 146
Barrett Esophagus	p. 148
General Considerations	p. 148
Clinical Findings	p. 149
Treatment	p. 151
Course & Prognosis	p. 153
Oropharyngeal & Esophageal Motility Disorders	p. 155
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia	p. 155
Cricopharyngeal Achalasia & Cricopharyngeal Bar	p. 157
Zenker Diverticulum	p. 159
Globus Pharyngeus	p. 159
Esophageal Motor Dysphagia	p. 160
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	p. 161
Esophageal Chest Pain	p. 162
Disorders of Inhibitory Innervation	p. 165
Disorders of Excitatory Nerves and Smooth Muscles	p. 169
Eosinophilic Esophagitis	p. 172
General Considerations	p. 172
Pathogenesis	p. 172
Clinical Findings	p. 173
Differential Diagnosis	p. 173
Treatment	p. 173
Course & Prognosis	p. 174
Unresolved Issues	p. 174
Diseases of the Stomach
Peptic Ulcer Disease	p. 175
General Considerations	p. 175
Pathogenesis	p. 176
Clinical Findings	p. 177
Differential Diagnosis	p. 179
Complications	p. 179
Treatment	p. 179
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinoma)	p. 184
General Considerations	p. 184
Pathogenesis	p. 184
Clinical Findings	p. 184
Treatment	p. 187
Prognosis	p. 188
Functional (Nonulcer) Dyspepsia	p. 189
General Considerations	p. 189
Pathogenesis	p. 190
Clinical Findings	p. 192
Differential Diagnosis	p. 195
Treatment	p. 196
Course & Prognosis	p. 199
Disorders of Gastric and Small Bowel Motility	p. 200
Gastroparesis & Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction	p. 201
Dumping Syndrome & Accelerated Gastric Emptying	p. 208
Rapid Transit Dysmotility of the Small Bowel	p. 209
Treatment of Obesity: The Impact of Bariatric Surgery	p. 210
Treatment of Overweight & Obese Patients	p. 210
Indications for Bariatric Surgery	p. 212
Bariatric Surgical Procedures	p. 213
Postoperative Care & Complications	p. 216
Gastroenterology Evaluation & Treatment	p. 217
Long-Term Outcome of Bariatric Surgery	p. 220
Recommendations & Caveats	p. 221
Small Bowel Diseases
Intestinal Malabsorption	p. 223
Diseases Associated with Intraluminal Maldigestion	p. 231
Diseases Associated with Impaired Mucosal Digestion & Absorption	p. 232
Diseases Caused by Impairment of both Intraluminal Ingestion & Mucosaldigestion/Absorption	p. 240
Diseases Caused by Impairedpostmucosal Transport	p. 242
Colorectal Diseases
Diverticular Disease of the Colon	p. 243
Diverticulosis	p. 243
Acute Diverticulitis	p. 247
Diverticular Hemorrhage	p. 252
Colorectal Cancer Screening	p. 256
Risk Stratification	p. 257
Screening & Surveillance Recommendations	p. 257
Screening Modalities	p. 263
Novel Screening Modalities	p. 266
Summary of Recommendations	p. 268
Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Syndromes	p. 269
Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes	p. 269
Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes	p. 276
Other Gastrointestinal Cancer Syndromes	p. 277
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	p. 279
General Considerations	p. 279
Pathogenesis	p. 280
Clinical Findings	p. 282
Differential Diagnosis	p. 284
Complications	p. 287
Treatment	p. 287
Pancreatic Diseases
Acute Pancreatitis	p. 291
General Considerations	p. 291
Pathogenesis	p. 292
Clinical Findings	p. 292
Differential Diagnosis	p. 297
Complications	p. 297
Treatment	p. 297
Chronic Pancreatitis	p. 299
General Considerations	p. 299
Pathogenesis	p. 299
Clinical Findings	p. 300
Differential Diagnosis	p. 302
Complications	p. 302
Treatment	p. 302
Course & Prognosis	p. 304
Autoimmune Pancreatitis	p. 305
General Considerations	p. 305
Clinical Findings	p. 305
Differential Diagnosis	p. 308
Treatment	p. 308
Course & Prognosis	p. 309
Tumors of the Pancreas	p. 310
Pancreatic Cancer	p. 310
Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas	p. 316
Pancreatic Lymphoma	p. 319
Therapeutic Endoscopy & Novel Diagnostic Techniques
Polypectomy	p. 321
Equipment	p. 321
Polypectomy for Sessile Polyps	p. 322
Polypectomy for Pedunculated Polyps	p. 322
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection	p. 323
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection	p. 323
Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding	p. 324
Nonvariceal Bleeding	p. 332
Less Common Causes of Nonvariceal Bleeding	p. 338
Variceal Bleeding	p. 339
Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding	p. 343
Evaluation of Lower GI Bleeding	p. 343
Specific Causes of Acute Lower GI Bleeding	p. 348
Endoscopic Management of Acute Biliary & Pancreatic Conditions	p. 352
Acute Cholangitis	p. 352
Gallstone Pancreatitis	p. 354
Bile Duct Injuries	p. 355
Pancreatic Duct Injuries	p. 356
Hemorrhagic Biliary & Pancreatic Conditions	p. 358
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy & Double-Balloon Enteroscopy	p. 361
Capsule Endoscopy	p. 361
Double-Balloon Enteroscopy	p. 368
Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies	p. 371
General Considerations	p. 371
Clinical Findings	p. 371
Treatment	p. 372
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)	p. 377
Disorders of the Major Duodenal Papilla	p. 377
Biliary System	p. 379
Pancreas	p. 383
Endoscopic Ultrasound	p. 389
Cancer Staging	p. 391
Nonmalignant Lesions	p. 395
Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound	p. 399
Future Directions	p. 401
Liver Diseases
Approach to the Patient with Jaundice & Abnormal Liver Tests	p. 403
General Considerations	p. 403
Pathogenesis	p. 403
Clinical Findings	p. 403
Differential Diagnosis	p. 406
Acute Liver Failure	p. 410
Specific Causes of Acute Liver Failure	p. 415
Viral Hepatitis	p. 420
Hepatitis A	p. 423
Hepatitis B	p. 425
Hepatitis C	p. 434
Hepatitis D	p. 440
Hepatitis E	p. 442
Chronic Nonviral Hepatitis	p. 444
Autoimmune Hepatitis	p. 444
Wilson Diseas	p. 448
¿1-Antitrypsin Deficiency	p. 450
Hereditary Hemochromatosis	p. 452
General Considerations	p. 452
Pathogenesis	p. 452
Clinical Findings	p. 456
Treatment	p. 459
Prognosis	p. 459
Alcoholic Liver Disease	p. 460
General Considerations	p. 460
Pathogenesis	p. 460
Clinical Findings	p. 463
Differential Diagnosis	p. 464
Complications	p. 464
Treatment	p. 464
Prognosis	p. 466
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	p. 467
General Considerations	p. 467
Pathogenesis	p. 468
Clinical Findings	p. 469
Treatment	p. 470
Course & Prognosis	p. 472
Portal Systemic Encephalopathy & Hepatic Encephalopathy	p. 473
General Considerations	p. 473
Pathogenesis	p. 473
Clinical Findings	p. 474
Treatment	p. 476
Ascites & Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis	p. 478
Ascites	p. 478
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis	p. 482
Hepatorenal Syndrome	p. 485
General Considerations	p. 485
Pathogenesis	p. 485
Clinical Findings	p. 486
Differential Diagnosis	p. 486
Treatment	p. 486
Portal Hypertension & Esophageal Variceal Hemorrhage	p. 489
Gastric Varices	p. 498
Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy	p. 499
Future Treatment Trends	p. 499
Drug-Induced Liver Disease	p. 500
Drugs of Special Interest	p. 503
Liver Neoplasms	p. 506
Benign Liver Tumors	p. 506
Hepatocellular Carcinoma	p. 510
Cholangiocarcinoma	p. 515
Liver Transplantation	p. 517
Indications for Transplantation	p. 517
Pretransplant Evaluation	p. 520
Contraindications	p. 521
Transplantation Procedures	p. 521
Complications	p. 522
Infection & Liver Transplantation	p. 524
Long-Term Medical Care after Liver Transplantation	p. 526
Prognosis	p. 528
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis	p. 529
General Considerations	p. 529
Pathogenesis	p. 529
Clinical Findings	p. 530
Treatment	p. 531
Biliary Tract Diseases
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis	p. 533
General Considerations	p. 533
Clinical Findings	p. 533
Differential Diagnosis	p. 534
Treatment	p. 535
Course & Prognosis	p. 535
Gallstone Disease	p. 537
General Considerations	p. 537
Pathogenesis	p. 538
Clinical Findings	p. 541
Differential Diagnosis	p. 542
Complications	p. 542
Treatment	p. 543
Index	p. 547
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Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy

0071490078

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