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| List of Symbols | |
| Preface to the Tenth Edition | p. ix |
| Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| What Is Language? | p. 2 |
| Introducing the Study of Language | p. 3 |
| What You Know When You Know a Language | p. 6 |
| What You Don't (Necessarily) Know When You Know a Language | p. 12 |
| Design Features of Language | p. 17 |
| Language Modality | p. 24 |
| Practice | p. 30 |
| Phonetics | p. 37 |
| What Is Phonetics? | p. 38 |
| Representing Speech Sounds | p. 40 |
| Articulation: English Consonants | p. 45 |
| Articulation: English Vowels | p. 54 |
| Beyond English: Speech Sounds of the World's Languages | p. 59 |
| Suprasegmental Features | p. 64 |
| Acoustic Phonetics | p. 69 |
| The Phonetics of Signed Languages | p. 79 |
| Practice | p. 87 |
| Phonology | p. 99 |
| What Is Phonology? | p. 100 |
| The Value of Sounds: Phonemes and Allophones | p. 101 |
| Phonological Rules | p. 109 |
| Phonotactic Constraints and Foreign Accents | p. 117 |
| Implicational Laws | p. 122 |
| How to Solve Phonology Problems | p. 127 |
| Practice | p. 134 |
| Morphology | p. 147 |
| What Is Morphology? | p. 148 |
| Words and Word Formation: The Nature of the Lexicon | p. 149 |
| Morphological Processes | p. 155 |
| Morphological Types of Languages | p. 163 |
| The Hierarchical Structure of Derived Words | p. 168 |
| Morphological Analysis | p. 172 |
| Practice | p. 176 |
| Syntax | p. 193 |
| What Is Syntax? | p. 194 |
| Basic Ideas of Syntax | p. 195 |
| How Sentences Express Ideas | p. 199 |
| Lexical Categories | p. 204 |
| Phrase Structure | p. 208 |
| Tests for Structure and Constituency | p. 216 |
| Word Order Typology | p. 221 |
| Practice | p. 223 |
| Semantics | p. 231 |
| What Is Semantics? | p. 232 |
| An Overview of Semantics | p. 233 |
| Lexical Semantics: The Meanings of Words | p. 235 |
| Lexical Semantics: Word Relations | p. 242 |
| Compositional Semantics: The Meanings of Sentences | p. 248 |
| Compositional Semantics: Putting Words Together and Meaning Relationships | p. 252 |
| Practice | p. 259 |
| Pragmatics | p. 267 |
| What Is Pragmatics? | p. 268 |
| Language in Context | p. 269 |
| Rules of Conversation | p. 273 |
| Drawing Conclusions | p. 279 |
| Speech Acts | p. 284 |
| Presupposition | p. 292 |
| Practice | p. 297 |
| Language Acquisition | p. 309 |
| What Is Language Acquisition? | p. 310 |
| Theories of Language Acquisition | p. 311 |
| First-Language Acquisition: The Acquisition of Speech Sounds and Phonology | p. 319 |
| First-Language Acquisition: The Acquisition of Morphology, Syntax, and Word Meaning | p. 326 |
| How Adults Talk to Young Children | p. 333 |
| Bilingual Language Acquisition | p. 339 |
| Practice | p. 343 |
| Language Storage and Processing | p. 351 |
| How Do We Store and Process Language? | p. 352 |
| Language and the Brain | p. 354 |
| Aphasia | p. 360 |
| Speech Production | p. 365 |
| Speech Perception | p. 374 |
| Lexical Processing | p. 379 |
| Sentence Processing | p. 385 |
| Experimental Methods in Psycholinguistics | p. 390 |
| Practice | p. 393 |
| Language Variation | p. 405 |
| What Is Language Variation? | p. 406 |
| Language Varieties | p. 407 |
| Variation at Different Levels of Linguistic Structure | p. 414 |
| Factors Influencing Variation: Regional and Geographic Factors | p. 418 |
| Factors Influencing Variation: Social Factors | p. 427 |
| Practice | p. 434 |
| Language Contact | p. 443 |
| What Is Language Contact? | p. 444 |
| Language Contact | p. 446 |
| Borrowings into English | p. 451 |
| Pidgin Languages | p. 454 |
| Creole Languages | p. 460 |
| Societal Multilingualism | p. 463 |
| Language Endangerment and Language Death | p. 465 |
| Case Studies in Language Contact | p. 469 |
| Practice | p. 473 |
| Language Change | p. 481 |
| What Is Language Change? | p. 482 |
| Introducing Language Change | p. 483 |
| Language Relatedness | p. 486 |
| Sound Change | p. 492 |
| Morphological Change | p. 497 |
| Syntactic Change | p. 502 |
| Semantic Change | p. 505 |
| Reconstruction: Internal Reconstruction vs. Comparative Reconstruction | p. 508 |
| Practice | p. 516 |
| Language and Culture | p. 525 |
| What Is the Study of "Language and Culture"? | p. 526 |
| Language and Identity | p. 527 |
| Language and Power | p. 533 |
| Language and Thought | p. 538 |
| Writing Systems | p. 545 |
| Practice | p. 559 |
| Animal Communication | p. 565 |
| How Do Animals Communicate? | p. 566 |
| Communication and Language | p. 567 |
| Animal Communication in the Wild | p. 571 |
| Can Animals Be Taught Language? | p. 576 |
| Practice | p. 581 |
| Language and Computers | p. 585 |
| What Is Computational Linguistics? | p. 586 |
| Speech Synthesis | p. 587 |
| Automatic Speech Recognition | p. 592 |
| Communicating with Computers | p. 597 |
| Machine Translation | p. 603 |
| Corpus Linguistics | p. 607 |
| Practice | p. 610 |
| Practical Applications | p. 615 |
| What Can You Do with Linguistics? | p. 616 |
| Language Education | p. 617 |
| Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology | p. 620 |
| Language and Law | p. 622 |
| Language in Advertising | p. 625 |
| Codes and Code-Breaking | p. 631 |
| Being a Linguist | p. 637 |
| Practice | p. 639 |
| Answers to Example Exercises | p. 645 |
| Glossary | p. 649 |
| Selected Bibliography | p. 675 |
| Language Index | p. 685 |
| Subject Index | p. 689 |
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