9780323002738

SMALL ANIMAL ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA covers the administration of anesthesia and management of pain in small animals. It includes discussions of actions and side effects of anesthetic agents; the physiology of respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure; monitoring animals' vital signs during all phases of anesthesia; emergency response; anesthetic equipment; and specialized techniques, such as local anesthesia, postoperative analgesia, and the use of muscle-paralyzing agents and ventilators. * Contains the latest drugs and procedures for small animals. * Features over 100 clear and useful illustrations, clarifying procedures and explaining concepts in the text. * Provides a handy, practical text that is easy to read and logically organized. * Includes objectives, key points, and review questions to help reinforce learning. * Balances theory with clinical application for sound small animal instruction.

The Preanesthetic Period

1

(45)

Patient Evaluation

2

(12)

Patient History

2

(3)

Physical Examination

5

(6)

Diagnostic Tests

11

(3)

Classification of Patient Status

14

(1)

Selection of the Anesthetic Protocol

14

(2)

Factors That Influence Selection

14

(2)

Preanesthetic Patient Care

16

(5)

Withholding Food Before Anesthesia

16

(1)

Correction of Preexisting Problems

17

(1)

Intravenous Catheterization

17

(4)

Other Preanesthetic Patient Care

21

(1)

Preanesthetic Agents

21

(25)

Reasons for the Use of Preanesthetic Agents

21

(2)

Anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics)

23

(5)

Tranquilizers and Sedatives

28

(1)

Phenothiazines

28

(2)

Benzodiazepines

30

(2)

Thiazine Derivatives

32

(3)

Opioids (Narcotics)

35

(11)

General Anesthesia

46

(63)

Definition of General Anesthesia

47

(1)

Components of General Anesthesia

47

(2)

Preanesthesia

48

(1)

Induction

48

(1)

Maintenance

48

(1)

Recovery

48

(1)

Safety of General Anesthesia

49

(1)

Classical Stages and Planes of Anesthesia

50

(5)

Stage I

51

(1)

Stage II

51

(1)

Stage III

51

(3)

Stage IV

54

(1)

Overview of Anesthetic Stages and Planes

54

(1)

Induction Techniques and Agents

55

(6)

Induction Using Injectable Agents

55

(1)

Induction Using Inhalation Agents

56

(4)

Monitoring During the Induction Period

60

(1)

Endotracheal Intubation

61

(10)

Advantages of Endotracheal Intubation

61

(1)

Problems Associated with Endotracheal Intubation

62

(9)

Maintenance of Anesthesia

71

(28)

Monitoring Vital Signs

72

(6)

Use of Instruments to Monitor Vital Signs

78

(10)

Reflexes and Other Indicators of Anesthetic Depth

88

(6)

Judging Anesthetic Depth

94

(1)

Recording Information During Anesthesia

95

(4)

Patient Positioning and Comfort During Anesthesia

99

(1)

Recovery from General Anesthesia

100

(9)

Stages of Recovery

101

(1)

Anesthetist's Role in the Recovery Period

101

(8)

Anesthetic Agents and Techniques

109

(38)

Comparison of Inhalation and Injectable Anesthesia

110

(1)

Injectable Anesthetics

111

(17)

Barbiturates

111

(9)

Cyclohexamines

120

(5)

Neuroleptanalgesia

125

(1)

Propofol

126

(2)

Etomidate

128

(1)

Inhalation Anesthetics

128

(12)

Characteristics of an Ideal Agent

128

(1)

Classes of Inhalation Anesthetic

129

(3)

Mechanism of Action of Inhalation Agents

132

(1)

Distribution and Elimination of Inhalation Agents

132

(1)

Properties of Inhalation Agents

132

(2)

Halothane

134

(2)

Isoflurane

136

(1)

Methoxyflurane

137

(1)

Other Chlorofluorocarbon Agents

138

(1)

Nitrous Oxide

139

(1)

Agents Used in the Postanesthetic Period

140

(1)

Doxapram

141

(6)

Anesthetic Equipment

147

(44)

Equipment Needed for Anesthesia

148

(24)

Endotracheal Tubes

148

(3)

Anesthetic Machines

151

(14)

Vaporizers

165

(7)

Operation of the Anesthetic Machine

172

(11)

Rebreathing Systems

173

(1)

Nonrebreathing Systems

173

(4)

Choice of Rebreathing Versus Nonrebreathing

177

(1)

Carrier Gas Flow Rates

178

(2)

Safety Concerns When Using a Total Rebreathing System

180

(3)

Care and Use of Anesthetic Equipment

183

(8)

Setting Up Anesthetic Equipment

183

(1)

Maintenance of Anesthetic Equipment

183

(8)

Workplace Safety

191

(19)

Hazards of Waste Anesthetic Gas

191

(14)

Short-term Problems

192

(1)

Long-term Effects

192

(2)

Assessment of Risk

194

(2)

Reducing Exposure to Waste Anesthetic Gas

196

(8)

Monitoring Waste Gas Levels

204

(1)

Safe Handling of Compressed Gases

205

(5)

Fire Safety Precautions

205

(1)

Use and Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders

205

(5)

Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies

210

(42)

Reasons Why Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies Arise

211

(14)

Human Error

211

(2)

Equipment Failure

213

(2)

Anesthetic Agents

215

(1)

Patient Factors

216

(9)

Response to Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies

225

(27)

Role of the Veterinary Technician in Emergency Care

225

(1)

General Approach to Emergencies

226

(16)

Problems That May Arise in the Recovery Period

242

(10)

Special Techniques

252

(25)

Local Analgesia

253

(11)

Agents Used in Veterinary Anesthesia

253

(1)

Characteristics of Local Analgesia

253

(1)

Mechanism of Action

254

(1)

Route of Administration

255

(7)

Toxicity

262

(2)

Controlled Ventilation

264

(6)

Types of Assisted or Controlled Ventilation

264

(1)

Ventilation in the Awake Animal

264

(1)

Ventilation in the Anesthetized Animal

265

(1)

Manual Ventilation

266

(2)

Mechanical Ventilation

268

(2)

Risks of Controlled Ventilation

270

(1)

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

270

(7)

Analgesia

277

(30)

Introduction

277

(2)

What is Analgesia?

277

(1)

Why Treat Pain?

278

(1)

General Principles of Analgesia

279

(5)

Physiology of Pain

279

(1)

Monitoring Signs of Pain

279

(3)

Methods of Pain Control

282

(2)

Pharmacologic Analgesia

284

(23)

Delivery of Analgesic Drugs

285

(1)

Classes of Analgesic Drugs

286

(1)

Opioid Agents

286

(9)

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs

295

(5)

Combination Therapy

300

(1)

Other Agents

300

(7)

Appendix A Standard Values and Equivalents

307

(4)

Appendix B Catheter Comparison Scale

310

(1)

Appendix C Equipment and Drugs for Use in an Emergency Crash Kit

311

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Small Animal Anesthesia and Analgesia

0323002730

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