List of Figures | p. ix |
List of Tables | p. xiii |
Abstract | p. xv |
Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Report Organization | p. 1 |
Previous Investigations and Project History | p. 3 |
Prehistoric Research Themes | p. 7 |
Household and Community Organization | p. 7 |
Subsistence and Settlement | p. 8 |
Ceramic Production and Exchange | p. 8 |
Mortuary Practices | p. 9 |
Chronology | p. 9 |
Pre-Classic-Classic Period Transition | p. 9 |
Irrigation Systems | p. 10 |
Historical-Period Research Theme: Turn-of-the-Century Hispanic Homesteading | p. 11 |
Environmental Setting | p. 13 |
Hydrology | p. 13 |
Geology | p. 14 |
Alluvial Geomorphology and Geoarchaeology | p. 14 |
Soils | p. 18 |
Climate | p. 20 |
Vegetation | p. 21 |
Previous Research and Culture History | p. 23 |
Previous Research | p. 23 |
Culture Historical Background | p. 25 |
Prehistoric and Protohistoric Periods | p. 27 |
Paleoindian Period | p. 27 |
Early and Middle Archaic Periods | p. 27 |
Late Archaic Period | p. 28 |
Early Formative and Pioneer Periods | p. 31 |
Colonial Period | p. 32 |
Sedentary Period | p. 34 |
Classic Period | p. 35 |
Protohistoric to Historical Period Transition | p. 38 |
Historical Period | p. 38 |
The Spanish Era, Late 1600s-1821 | p. 39 |
The Mexican Era, 1821-1856 | p. 40 |
The American Era, 1856-Present | p. 40 |
Field Methods | p. 45 |
Backhoe Trenching | p. 45 |
Mechanical Stripping | p. 47 |
Feature Excavation | p. 48 |
Pit Houses | p. 48 |
Historical-Period Structure | p. 48 |
Ramada and Food-Preparation Area | p. 48 |
Canal | p. 50 |
Extramural Pit Features | p. 50 |
Feature Descriptions | p. 51 |
Testing Phase Features | p. 52 |
Prehistoric Features | p. 52 |
Pit Houses | p. 52 |
Feature 21 | p. 52 |
Feature 22 | p. 56 |
Feature 23 | p. 59 |
Feature 25 | p. 62 |
Feature 27 | p. 64 |
Irrigation Canal (Feature 18) | p. 68 |
Excavation Method | p. 69 |
Stratigraphic Context | p. 71 |
Canal Stratigraphy | p. 72 |
Dating | p. 72 |
Remarks | p. 72 |
Ramada and Food-Preparation Area | p. 74 |
Feature 13 | p. 74 |
Feature 15 | p. 75 |
Prehistoric Extramural Features | p. 79 |
Historical-Period Features | p. 80 |
Feature 5 | p. 80 |
Extramural Historical-Period Features | p. 85 |
Ceramics | p. 87 |
Methods | p. 88 |
Sampling | p. 88 |
Recording | p. 88 |
Painted Ceramics | p. 88 |
Unpainted Ceramics | p. 89 |
Reconstructible Vessels | p. 91 |
Sourcing Study | p. 91 |
Results | p. 91 |
Recovery Context and Abandonment Processes | p. 91 |
Pit Houses | p. 91 |
Extramural Features | p. 101 |
Basillio Cuevas Homestead (Feature 5) | p. 101 |
Painted Ceramics | p. 101 |
Rincon Red-on-brown, Style A | p. 103 |
Rincon Red-on-brown and Rincon Black-on-brown, Style B | p. 108 |
Rincon Red-on-brown and Rincon Black-on-brown, Indeterminate Style | p. 113 |
Rincon Phase Polychromes | p. 114 |
Intrusive Ceramics: Hohokam Buff Ware | p. 117 |
Unpainted Ceramics | p. 118 |
Plain Ware | p. 118 |
Intrusive Plain Ware: Gila Plain | p. 121 |
Red Ware | p. 122 |
Historical-Period Native American Pottery | p. 124 |
Research Issues Revisited | p. 124 |
Ceramic Dating | p. 124 |
Design and Technological Variability in Rincon Painted Pottery | p. 125 |
Ceramic Production and Distribution | p. 127 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 132 |
Flaked and Ground Stone Analyses | p. 135 |
Research Questions | p. 135 |
Flaked Stone Analysis | p. 135 |
Methods | p. 135 |
Results | p. 137 |
Raw Material Procurement | p. 137 |
Flakes | p. 138 |
Cores | p. 138 |
Flaked Stone Tools | p. 140 |
Ground Stone Analysis | p. 140 |
Methods and Results | p. 140 |
Utilitarian Ground Stone | p. 140 |
Nonutilitarian Ground Stone | p. 141 |
Conclusions | p. 146 |
Shell Analysis | p. 149 |
Methods | p. 149 |
Genera and Species | p. 149 |
Artifact Assemblage | p. 151 |
Finished Artifacts | p. 152 |
Beads | p. 152 |
Pendants | p. 152 |
Bracelets | p. 152 |
Perforated Shell | p. 154 |
Ring-Pendants | p. 154 |
Earspool? | p. 154 |
Etched Shell | p. 155 |
Manufacturing Evidence | p. 155 |
Unfinished Artifacts and Reworked Artifacts | p. 155 |
Waste Material | p. 155 |
Unmodified Valve | p. 155 |
Worked and Unworked Fragments | p. 156 |
Worked Fragments | p. 156 |
Unworked Fragments | p. 156 |
Discussion | p. 156 |
Trade | p. 159 |
Conclusion | p. 159 |
Archaeobotanical Remains | p. 161 |
Feature Discussions | p. 161 |
Feature 5 | p. 161 |
Feature 13 | p. 161 |
Feature 15 | p. 161 |
Feature 18 | p. 162 |
Feature 21 | p. 164 |
Feature 22 | p. 164 |
Feature 23 | p. 164 |
Feature 25 | p. 164 |
Feature 27 | p. 164 |
Pit Fill and Midden | p. 165 |
Vessel Fill | p. 165 |
General Patterns of Plant Use at Sunset Mesa Ruin | p. 165 |
Notable Plant Taxa at Sunset Mesa Ruin | p. 165 |
Sunset Mesa Ruin Pollen Analysis | p. 167 |
Limitations of Pollen Data | p. 167 |
Methods | p. 167 |
Analytical Methods | p. 167 |
Laboratory Methods | p. 168 |
Sample Set Overview and Pollen Types Identified | p. 168 |
Results and Interpretations | p. 169 |
Historical-Period Feature 35 | p. 169 |
Canal Feature 18 | p. 171 |
Prehistoric Pollen Analog: Canal and Surface Samples | p. 172 |
Pit House Feature 21 | p. 172 |
Pit House Feature 22 | p. 173 |
Pit House Feature 23 | p. 173 |
Pit House Feature 25 | p. 173 |
Pit House Feature 27 | p. 174 |
Kitchen Area: Features 13 and 15 | p. 174 |
Extramural Features 41, 46, 47, and 49 | p. 174 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 174 |
Faunal Analysis | p. 177 |
Analytical Methods | p. 177 |
The Modern Living Community | p. 178 |
Assemblage Composition | p. 178 |
Taxonomic Composition | p. 178 |
Mammals | p. 178 |
Aves | p. 186 |
Unidentified | p. 186 |
Modified Bone | p. 186 |
Burned and Calcined Bone | p. 186 |
Butchered Bone | p. 187 |
Bone Tools | p. 187 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 191 |
Historical-Period Resources at Sunset Mesa Ruin | p. 193 |
The Foundations of Homesteading | p. 193 |
Homesteading in Arizona | p. 194 |
The Basillio Cuevas Homestead | p. 195 |
Archaeological Investigation of Historical-Period Features at Sunset Mesa Ruin | p. 198 |
Feature 5, the Basillio Cuevas Adobe | p. 198 |
Artifacts from Surface and Overburden | p. 198 |
Artifacts from General Fill | p. 199 |
Artifacts from Room 1 | p. 199 |
Artifacts from Room 2 | p. 200 |
Artifacts from Room 3 | p. 200 |
Artifacts from Feature 5.01 (Intrusive Pit) | p. 200 |
Other Historical-Period Features | p. 201 |
Feature 19 | p. 201 |
Feature 33 | p. 201 |
Feature 34 | p. 201 |
Feature 42 | p. 202 |
Features 39, 40, and 44 | p. 202 |
Features 24, 37, 45, and 56 | p. 202 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 203 |
Chronology | p. 203 |
Household Organization and Site Structure | p. 206 |
House Types | p. 206 |
Courtyard Groups | p. 206 |
Precincts and Village Segments | p. 207 |
Villages and Communities | p. 207 |
Site Structure at Sunset Mesa Ruin | p. 208 |
Subsistence | p. 211 |
Settlement Patterns | p. 214 |
Ceramic Production and Exchange | p. 218 |
Mortuary Practices | p. 219 |
Historical-Period Homesteading | p. 219 |
Conclusions | p. 220 |
Appendixes | |
Ostracode Analysis | p. 221 |
Archaeomagnetic Sampling, Analysis, and Dating at Sunset Mesa Ruin | p. 225 |
Obsidian-Source Analysis | p. 235 |
Petrographic Analysis: Qualitative Analysis of Sedentary Period Potsherds from Tucson, Arizona, with Emphasis on Sunset Mesa Ruin | p. 237 |
Ceramic-Analysis Forms | p. 253 |
Archaeobotanical Criteria and Data Tables | p. 263 |
Sunset Mesa Pollen-Data Tables | p. 273 |
Paleohydraulic Reconstruction of the Sunset Mesa Canal, Potential Maize Yields, and Population Estimates | p. 277 |
References Cited | p. 281 |
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.