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9780823077571

This Business of Music : A Practical Guide to the Music Industry for Publishers, Writers, Record Compani es, Producers, Artists, Agents

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780823077571

  • ISBN10:

    0823077578

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2000-06-01
  • Publisher: Billboard Books
  • Purchase Benefits
List Price: $29.95

Summary

This new edition addresses such important issues as the implication of MP3, the Copyright Term Extension Act, union treatment of digital music, and much more.

Table of Contents

Introduction xvii
Part One Music Business Trends and Transformations
The Music Industry in the 1990s
3(10)
Industry Growth
4(1)
Factors Relating to Growth
5(2)
Factors Inhibiting Growth
7(1)
Proposed Legislative Changes
8(5)
Part Two Record Industry Agreements and Practices
Recording Artist Contracts
13(20)
The Standard Agreement
13(1)
Duration of the Contract
14(2)
Group Artists
16(1)
Exclusivity
16(1)
Recording and Release Requirements
17(1)
The Selection of Material
18(1)
Artist Royalties
19(4)
Recording Costs
23(1)
Recording Funds
23(1)
Publishing Rights
24(1)
Controlled Compositions
25(1)
Packaging
26(1)
Tour Support
26(1)
Video Rights
26(1)
Assignment
27(1)
Ownership and Use of Masters
28(1)
Coupling
28(1)
Accountings and Defaults
29(1)
Bankruptcy
30(3)
Contracts with Minors
33(4)
Disaffirmance of an Agreement
34(1)
Ratification of an Agreement
34(1)
Statutory Provisions of Contracts with Minors
34(3)
Independent Record Producers
37(10)
The Role of the Independent Record Producer
38(1)
Label Deals and Pressing-and-Distribution Deals
39(1)
Royalty Agreements
39(1)
Recording Funds
40(1)
Production and Development Deals
41(1)
Producer Fees
42(1)
Music Publishing and Follow-up Rights
42(2)
Contractual Safeguards
44(3)
Foreign Distribution Agreements
47(12)
Royalty Provisions
48(1)
Term of Advances and Guarantees
48(1)
Centralized Manufacture and Exclusivity
49(2)
Broadcast Performance Fees
51(1)
Music Publishing Clearances
52(1)
Labels
52(1)
First Refusal
52(1)
Record Clubs
53(1)
Coupling
53(1)
Reciprocal Arrangements
53(1)
Cover Recordings
54(1)
Publishing Rights
54(1)
Samples and Materials
55(1)
Accountings and Auditing
55(1)
Termination Procedure
56(1)
Variations in Currency Values
56(1)
Transmittal of Funds
57(1)
Jurisdiction over Disputes
57(1)
Default Clauses
57(2)
Labor Agreements
59(12)
Key Labor Agreements
60(1)
Arbitration
60(1)
AFTRA and AFM Scale Payments
60(2)
AFM Special Payments and Trust Funds
62(2)
AFTRA Health and Retirement Funds
64(1)
Royalty Performers
64(1)
Contractors
65(1)
Dubbing
65(1)
AFM Interactive Department
66(1)
Protections against Illicit Practices
66(2)
Domestic and Foreign Territory
68(1)
New Rights for Performing Artists
69(1)
Promotional Videotapes
69(2)
Copyright in Sound Recordings
71(10)
Copyright Protection for Published and Unpublished Works
71(1)
Authorship
72(1)
Rights of the Copyright Owner
73(1)
Notice of Copyright
73(1)
Deposit for the Library of Congress
74(1)
Copyright Registration
74(1)
Copyrightable Works
74(2)
Foreign Sound Recordings
76(1)
Sampling
77(1)
Master Licensing
78(1)
Audio Home Recording Act
78(1)
The Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings Act of 1995
79(1)
Millennium Copyright Act of 1998
80(1)
Bootlegging, Piracy, and Counterfeiting
81(6)
Federal Legislation
82(2)
Compulsory License for Sound Recordings
84(1)
International Treaties Regarding Piracy
85(2)
Record Covers, Labels, and Liner Notes
87(8)
Album Titles
87(1)
Illustrations
88(1)
Liner Notes
89(1)
Recording Identification
89(1)
Trademarks
90(1)
Anticounterfeit Practices
90(1)
Warning Stickers and Censorship Issues
91(4)
Part Three Music Publisher and Writer Agreements and Practices
Copyright Law in the United States
95(22)
Copyright Revision, 1790 to 1976
96(1)
The Copyright Status of Sound Recordings
96(1)
Common Law Copyright
97(1)
Statutory Copyright
98(1)
Copyright Registration
98(3)
Registration of published and Unpublished Works
101(2)
The Copyright Notice
103(1)
The Deposit of Copyrighted Works
104(1)
Transfers of Copyright Ownership
105(1)
Errors in the Copyright Notice
106(2)
The Correction of Errors
108(1)
Fair Use
108(3)
Copyright Protection of Song Titles
111(1)
Compulsory Mechanical License for Recordings
111(1)
Record Rentals
112(1)
Jukebox Public Performance Fees
113(1)
Copyright and Cable Television Transmission
114(1)
Licensing for Noncommercial Broadcasting
115(1)
Satellite Carrier Compulsory License
116(1)
The Duration of Copyright Protection and the Citation of Grants
117(14)
Terms of Copyright Protection
117(2)
The Terminal Date of Copyright Protection
119(1)
The Duration of Copyright Protection for Joint Works
119(1)
The Determination of Date of Death
119(1)
Copyright Renewal Registrations
120(1)
Limitations of Old Transfers and Licenses
121(2)
Limitations of New Transfers and Licenses
123(2)
Termination of Old Grants by Authors
125(1)
Termination of Old Grants by Nonauthors
126(1)
Termination of New Grants
126(1)
Time Period for Making Further Grants
127(1)
Music Publishers' Rights after Termination
127(1)
Aspects of the Termination of Grants
128(2)
Foreign Duration of Copyright and Protection Outside of the United States
130(1)
The Uses Of Public Domain
131(10)
Works in the Public Domain
132(1)
The Purposes of Public Domain
133(2)
Determining the Public Domain Status of Works
135(4)
Copyright Registration of New Versions and Arrangements of Works
139(1)
The Copyright Status of Sound Recordings
140(1)
Arrangements And Adaptations Of Music
141(10)
Head Arrangements of Compositions
142(1)
The Copyrighting of Arrangements
142(1)
The Statutory Treatment of Arrangements
143(1)
No Effect on Duration of Basic Work
144(1)
Standards of Originality
144(2)
Derivative Works
146(2)
Sound Recording Sound-Alikes
148(1)
Renewals of Arrangements or Abridgments
148(1)
The Arrangement of Works in the Public Domain
149(1)
Foreign Treatment of Arrangements and Abridgments
150(1)
Performing Rights Organizations
151(24)
Clearing Functions
152(1)
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers
153(1)
Broadcast Music Inc.
154(1)
SESAC
155(1)
Title Registration
156(1)
International Information Collection System
157(1)
The Relative Importance of Performance Monies
158(1)
Surveying Procedures
158(3)
Grievance Procedures
161(1)
Membership
162(2)
The Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998
164(1)
The ASCAP Payment System
164(2)
The BMI Payment System
166(2)
Advances to Writers and Publishers
168(1)
Loan Assistance
168(1)
Insurance Plans
169(1)
Writer Awards
170(1)
Foreign Collections
170(2)
Dramatic Performance Rights
172(3)
Mechanical Rights
175(12)
Parting with Possession and Returns
177(1)
Notice of Intention
178(1)
Compulsory License Accountings
178(1)
Copyright Owner Identification
179(1)
Negotiated Licenses
179(1)
The Harry Fox Agency
180(1)
Other U.S. Mechanical Rights Organizations
181(1)
The Canadian Mechanical Rights Organization
182(1)
International Mechanical Rights Societies
182(1)
The Writer's Share of Mechanical Fees
183(1)
Record Clubs
184(1)
Title Use Restrictions
184(1)
Record Rentals
184(3)
Songwriter Contracts and Royalty Statements
187(14)
Duration of Copyright Protection
187(1)
Songwriters Guild Contracts
188(1)
Copyright Divisibility
189(1)
Royalty Statements
190(1)
Recapture of Rights
190(1)
Printed Editions
191(1)
Mechanical Rights
192(1)
Accountings and Audits
193(1)
Default
194(1)
Performance Fees
195(1)
Assignments
196(1)
Lyrics versus Music
196(1)
Royalties Held in Trust Funds
197(1)
Arbitration
198(1)
Exclusive-Writer Agreements
198(3)
Works for Hire
201(6)
Factors Determining a Work-for-Hire Relationship
202(1)
Commissioned Works for Hire
203(1)
Assignments of Copyright
204(1)
Joint Work Status
205(2)
Co-Ownership and Joint Administration of Copyrights
207(12)
Registration and Notice
208(1)
The General Rights of Co-Owners
208(1)
The Problems of Co-Ownership
208(1)
Synchronization Rights
209(1)
Foreign Rights
210(1)
Consent by Silence
210(1)
Restrictions on Assignment
210(1)
The Writer's Interest in Co-Ownership
211(1)
The Cut-In
212(7)
Copyright Infringement
219(8)
Proof of Access to a Copyrighted Work
213(1)
The Use of Music in the Public Domain
214(1)
Innocence as a Defense
215(1)
Who May Sue for Infringement
216(1)
Civil Remedies for Infringement
216(2)
Court Costs and Attorney Fees
218(1)
Criminal Remedies for Infringement
219(1)
Mechanical Right Infringement
220(1)
Infringement by Importation
220(2)
Copyright Registration
222(1)
The Recordation of Copyright Transfer
222(1)
Time Frame for Legal Actions
222(1)
Sampling and Copyright Infringement
222(5)
International Copyright Protection
227(6)
The Berne Convention
227(1)
The Effects of Berne Adherence
228(1)
Trade Negotiations and GATT
229(1)
U.S. Trade Representative
230(1)
The Buenos Aires Convention
230(1)
Geneva Phonogram Convention
231(1)
WIPO Treaties
231(2)
Foreign Publishing
233(20)
The World Market for Music
234(1)
Representation by Subpublishers
234(1)
Foreign Performing Rights Societies
235(1)
Foreign Mechanical Licensing
236(3)
Synchronization Fees
239(1)
Printed Editions
239(1)
Local Lyrics and Versions
240(1)
Local Writer Royalties
240(1)
Copyright and Term of Rights
241(1)
Fees from All Usage, Accounting, and Audits
242(1)
Subpublication for Diverse Territories
243(1)
The European Union
244(1)
Frozen Funds
245(1)
Default Clauses
246(1)
Jurisdiction over Disputes
246(1)
Catalog Agreements
246(1)
Local Firms
247(1)
Joint Firms
247(3)
The Termination of Joint Ownership
250(3)
The Writer as Publisher
253(6)
Writer-Publisher Joint Firms
254(1)
Writer Firms
254(2)
Copyright Renewal Notification
256(1)
Termination of Grants
256(1)
Reversionary Rights
257(2)
Music for Motion Pictures
259(10)
Rights Required for Films
260(1)
Employee-for-Hire Agreements
260(1)
Synchronization and Performance Licenses
261(1)
Licensing Agents and Research Firms
262(1)
Videos
263(1)
Music Publishing Rights
264(1)
Recording Artist Royalties
264(1)
Soundtrack Album Contracts with Record Companies
265(1)
Component Parts of Films
266(1)
Performances in Europe
267(1)
Foreign Productions of Motion Picture Music
267(2)
Licensing Recordings for Motion Pictures
269(6)
The Protection of Recordings
270(1)
Unfair Competition
270(1)
Common Law Copyright
270(1)
The Statutory Copyrighting of Recordings
271(1)
The Consent of the Music Publisher
271(1)
Union Reuse Fees
271(1)
Artist Contract Restrictions
272(1)
Soundtrack Albums
272(3)
Music for the Theater
275(8)
The Rights of producers and Writers
276(1)
Original-Cast Albums
277(1)
Subsidiary Rights
278(1)
American Productions Abroad
279(1)
Writing a Show
279(1)
Music in Dramatic Shows
280(1)
Investment in Musical Theater
280(1)
AFM Union Scale
280(3)
Commercial Jingles
283(10)
Uses of Music in Commercial Jingles
283(1)
ASCAP Payments for Music Used in Commercials
284(1)
Payments for Music Used in Commercials
285(1)
Negotiations for Licensing Fees
286(1)
Warranties and Indemnities
287(1)
The Packaging of Jingles
288(1)
Payments to Singers and Instrumentalists
289(1)
The Simulation of an Artist's Style in Jingles
290(3)
Buying and Selling Copyrights
293(14)
The Buying and Selling of Large Catalogs
293(2)
The Buying and Selling of Smaller Catalogs
295(1)
Sources of Individual Copyrights
296(1)
Renewal and Reversion Rights
297(2)
The Purchase of Copyrights or Stock
299(1)
The Price of Purchasing a Copyright
300(3)
Users of Copyrights
303(1)
Capital Gains
303(1)
Due Diligence
304(3)
Loans to Music Publishers
307(16)
The Special Risks in Loans to Music Publishers
308(1)
The Amount of a Loan
309(1)
Copyright Search Report
310(1)
The Recordation of Loans in the Copyright Office
311(1)
The Recordation of Loans in Local Jurisdictions
312(1)
Sale of property upon Default
313(1)
Exclusive State Recordation for Certain Rights
314(1)
Exclusive Writer Contracts
314(1)
Conditions on the Administration of a Loan
315(1)
Outstanding Advances at the Time of a Loan
316(1)
The Appraiser's Report and Representations of the Borrower
317(2)
The Bankruptcy of the Borrower
319(4)
Part Four Other Aspects of the Music Business
Privacy and Publicity Rights
323(6)
The Right of Privacy
323(2)
The Right of Publicity
325(1)
The Use of Name or Likeness for Trade or Advertising
326(1)
Privacy Contract Clauses
327(1)
Works in the Public Domain
328(1)
Remedies for the Invasion of Privacy
329(1)
The Protection of Ideas and Titles
329(6)
Compensation for Ideas
330(1)
Issues of Concreteness and Originality
330(1)
The Consideration of Unsolicited Ideas
331(2)
The Use of Titles
333(2)
Names and Trademarks
335(16)
Copyrightability
336(1)
Trademarks and Service Marks
336(1)
Differentiating Between Copyrights and Trademarks
337(1)
The Selection of a Name
337(2)
Prior and Conflicting Company Names and Marks
339(1)
Search Organizations and Services
340(1)
Prior and Conflicting Names of Artists
341(1)
The Registration of Names
341(1)
The Registration of Marks
342(2)
The Advantages of Registration
344(1)
Trademark Registration at Home and Abroad
344(1)
The Ownership of Rights in an Artist's Name
345(1)
A Record Company's Rights in a Name
346(1)
Group Members' Rights in a Name
347(1)
Doing Business Under an Assumed Name
347(1)
The Protection of Names or Marks
348(3)
Agents and Managers
351(12)
The Roles of Agents and Managers
351(2)
Exclusive Representation
353(1)
The Management Contract
354(1)
Abuses by Agents and Managers
355(1)
Regulation of Agents and Managers
356(2)
Trade Organizations for Personal Managers
358(1)
Competition for Personal Managers
358(1)
Relationships Between Artists and Personal Representatives
359(1)
Notices and Payments
360(1)
Music Contractors
361(2)
Taxation in the Music Business
363(20)
Capital Gains
363(2)
Depreciation and Amortization
365(2)
Tax Treatment of Record Masters
367(2)
Research and Experimental Expenses
369(1)
Charitable Contributions
369(1)
Deductions for Home Use as Office or Studio
370(1)
Shifting Taxable Income to Persons in Lower Tax Brackets
371(1)
Shifting Income From One Year to Other Years
372(1)
Deferral of Income Through Retirement Plans
373(2)
Tax Benefits Through Business Organization
375(2)
Contractual Formats
377(1)
Royalties as Income
378(1)
Foreign Royalties Subject Only to U.S. Tax
378(1)
Tax Installment Agreement
378(1)
Retention of Tax-Related Documents
379(1)
Audit Procedures
379(4)
Record Clubs and Premiums
383(6)
Membership Plans
383(1)
Outside-Label Agreements
384(1)
Artist Royalties
385(1)
Foreign Record Clubs
385(1)
Mechanical License Fees
386(1)
Premiums
386(3)
Music Videos
389(10)
New Video Technology
390(1)
Video Licensing
391(1)
Audiovisual Rights
392(3)
Production Costs and Their Recoupment
395(1)
Musical Composition Licenses
396(1)
Trade Paper Coverage of Music Videos
397(2)
Demonstration Records
399(8)
The Costs of Making a Demo
399(2)
The Assumption of Demo Expenses
401(1)
Subsidized Demos
402(1)
The Submission of Demos
403(2)
The Independent Demo
405(2)
Payola
407(6)
The Incentive to Engage in Payola
407(1)
Commercial Bribery
408(1)
Publishing Interests and Payola
408(1)
Payola and Trade Papers
409(1)
Practices of Payola
409(4)
Trade Practice Regulations
413(6)
Discriminatory Price Differential Practices
414(1)
Proportional Equality in Advertising, Promotional Allowances, or Facilities
415(1)
Price Fixing, Tie-in Sales, and Other Deceptive Practices
416(1)
Sound-Alike Recordings
417(2)
Work Permits for Foreign Artists
419(12)
Types of Work Visas
419(1)
The Proper Petitioner and Petitions
420(2)
Types of Petitions and Accompanying Documents
422(1)
Where to File Petitions
423(1)
Artist's or Group's Accompanying Personnel
424(1)
Immigrant Status
425(1)
Rejection and the Right of Appeal
426(1)
Union Comity
427(1)
Multiple Entries into the United States plus Extensions
428(1)
Taxation
429(2)
Sources of Information
431(14)
Trade Press
431(4)
Subscription Services
435(1)
Government Institutions
436(3)
Music Organizations
439(1)
Professional Research Services
440(1)
Reference Materials
441(1)
International Trade Shows and Associations
442(3)
Technology and Music
445(21)
The New Technology
446(1)
The Market
447(1)
The Players
448(4)
Security on the Internet
452(1)
Policing the Internet
453(2)
Internet Effect on Performance Rights Organizations
455(2)
Copyright Legislation
457(2)
Other Areas of Technology
459(2)
The Future
461(5)
Appendix A WIPO Memorandum of August 1996 466(21)
Appendix B Selected Excerpts From The Berne Convention 487(10)
Appendix C United States Copyright Office Circular 38A: International Copyright Relations of the United States 497(14)
Appendix D The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 511(24)
Appendix E American Federation Of Musicians Interactive/New Media Projects [Non-Symphonic] 535(5)
Appendix F Music Resources on the Internet 540(3)
Index 543

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