9781559632973

In April 1993, a national conference sponsored by the Center for Plant Conservation brought together academic biologists, agency staff members, activists, and other experts to critically explore the value of ecological restoration as a conservation strategy. Restoring Diversityexamines and expands on issues set forth at that gathering. Topics covered include: the strategic and legal context for rare plant restoration the biology of restoration use (and misuse) of mitigation in rare plant conservation case studies from across the United States Restoring Diversityis a pathbreaking work that not only unifies concepts in the field of restoration, but also fills significant technical and policy gaps, and provides operational tools for successful restorations.

Acknowledgments

ix

Foreword

xi

Reed F. Noss

Introduction The Editors

xiii

PART ONE The Environmental and Policy Context for Reintroduction

3

(118)

Plant Rarity and Endangerment in North America

7

(16)

Larry E. Morse

Reintroduction in a Changing Climate

23

(26)

Lynn S. Kutner

Larry E. Morse

Spatial and Biological Scales in Reintroduction

49

(38)

Peter S. White

The Regulatory and Policy Context

87

(14)

Charles B. McDonald

FOCUS: Reintroducing Endangered Hawaiian Plants

101

(20)

Loyal A. Mehrhoff

PART TWO The Biology of Rare Plant Reintroduction

121

(152)

Defining and Measuring Success

127

(30)

Bruce M. Pavlik

Selecting Reintroduction Sites

157

(14)

Peggy L. Fiedler

Richard D. Laven

Designing Populations: Demographic, Genetic, and Horticultural Dimensions

171

(38)

Edward O. Guerrant Jr.

Lessons from Ecological Theory: Dispersal, Establishment, and Population Structure

209

(26)

Richard B. Primack

Monitoring

235

(30)

Robert D. Sutter

FOCUS: Pinus torreyana at the Torrey Pines State Reserve, California

265

(8)

F. Thomas Ledig

PART THREE Reintroduction in a Mitigation Context

273

(122)

Rare Plant Mitigation: A Policy Perspective

279

(14)

Ken S. Berg

Translocation As a Mitigation Strategy: Lessons from California

293

(38)

Ann M. Howald

Ecological Function and Sustainability in Created Wetlands

331

(12)

Joy B. Zedler

Use of Corporate Lands

343

(20)

Brian J. Klatt

Ronald S. Niemann

New Directions for Rare Plant Mitigation Policy

363

(10)

Michael J. Bean

FOCUS: Rare Plant Mitigation in Florida

373

(22)

George D. Gann

Noel L. Gerson

PART FOUR Case Studies

395

(58)

Experimental Reintroduction of Stephanomeria malheurensis

399

(4)

Edward O. Guerrant Jr.

Knowlton's Cactus (Pediocactus knowltonii) Reintroduction

403

(8)

Ann Cully

Texas Snowbells (Styrax texana) Reintroduction

411

(6)

Charles B. McDonald

Apalachicola Rosemary (Conradina glabra) Reintroduction

417

(6)

Doria R. Gordon

Pitcher's Thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) Reintroduction

423

(10)

Marlin Bowles

Jeanette McBride

Southern Appalachian Rare Plant Reintroductions on Mountain Summits

433

(12)

Bart R. Johnson

Small Whorled Pogonia (Isotria medeoloides) Transplant Project

445

(8)

William E. Brumback

Carol W. Fyler

PART FIVE Guidelines for Developing a Rare Plant Reintroduction Plan

453

(38)

About the Contributors

491

(4)

Index

495

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Restoring Diversity

1559632976

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