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9781586032371

A New Model for Analyzing Antimicrobial Peptides With Biomedical Applications

by
  • ISBN13:

    9781586032371

  • ISBN10:

    1586032372

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2002-09-01
  • Publisher: IOS PRESS INC

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Summary

This book is aimed at two audiences. First, it will present evidence for the earthworm's immune system. Second, the results strongly suggest that certain molecules of the earthworm's immune system may be exploited as natural antibiotics--thus the biomedical applications. There are two advantages for using earthworms. First, they are an inexpensive, non-controversial invertebrate model. Second, in contrast to other invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila, C elegans) they are essential for maintaining the integrity of soil. Earthworms have a highly effective immune system since cancer cannot be induced in them nor does it seem to occur in natural populations. Cytotoxicity of cancer cells has been examined in relation to two earthworm leukocytes based upon: structure; cell differentiation antigens; function revealed by FACS and mAbs. These cells are SMALL (8-11 µm) electron dense (SC), positive for human cell adhesion molecules (CD11a, CD45RA, CD45RO, CDw49b, CD54, for ?2-microglobulin and for Thy-1; LARGE (12-15 µm) electron lucent cells (LC), negative for these same markers. Leukocytes synthesize and secrete lytic molecules (fetidins, CCF-1, lysenin, eiseniapore) participate in recognition of, binding to, killing and sequestration of cancer cells in vitro. Earthworm lytic levels are significantly higher than those of human NK cells. Earthworms possess a highly evolved, unique and efficient immune system that has facilitated long-term survival.

Table of Contents

Welcome addressp. v
Welcome addressp. vii
Prefacep. ix
List of speakers and other participantsp. xi
Introduction to the Earthworm Immune System
The Earthworm: A New Model with Biomedical Applicationsp. 3
Coelomocytes (Leukocytes)
Cytochemical Properties of Earthworm Coelomocytes Enriched by Percollp. 29
Earthworm Coelomocytes: Convenient Model for Basic and Applied Sciencesp. 38
Use of Fluorescent Probes to Analyze the Killing, Encapsulation and Chemotaxis Functions of Coelomocytes of the Earthwormp. 47
Comparative Analysis of Earthworm Immune System Using Cell Surface and Intracellular Markersp. 53
Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity
Coelomic Fluid from Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia foetida inhibits Escherichia colip. 61
Earthworm Humoral Immune System: Interaction of Hemolysins with Lipid Membranes Requires Sphingolipidsp. 65
Evidence for a Perforin-like Cell-mediated Cytolysis by Earthworm Coelomocytesp. 73
The Evolution of Cell Killing: When a Target Cell Became "Invited" to Choose How to Diep. 82
Other Annelid Models: Leeches
Leech Immune Responses: Contributions and Biomedical Applicationsp. 93
New Powerful Cascade Coagulant Inhibitors Isolated from the Gut of the Leech Theromyzon Tessulatump. 103
Other Invertebrate Models
The Ancient Principle of Membrane Permeabilization: Structure and Function of Evolutionarily Divergent Cytolytic and Antimicrobial Polypeptidesp. 115
From Earthworm to Mussel Innate Immunityp. 122
The Prophenoloxidase Activating System in Invertebrates: A Short Reviewp. 131
Mitogenic, Lectin and Cytokine-like Activities
Mitogenic Factors in Eisenia Foetida Coelomic Fluid as Regulatory Moleculesp. 145
TNF Analogue in Earthworms and the Role of Lectin-Saccharide Interactions in Regulatory Function of Primitive Cytokinesp. 149
The Functional Relevance of the Lectin-like Activities of Cytokines: TNF as an Illustrative Examplep. 157
Activities against Parasites
Invertebrate Immune Responses to Eukaryotic Parasites: Reaction of Coelomocytes of Lumbricus Terrestris to Native and Non-native Parasitep. 167
Summary and Perspectives
An Overview of Cytolytic Factors in Eisenia Foetida Coelomic Fluidp. 177
Bibliography of Edwin L. Cooper emphasizing on earthworms (1966-2002)p. 185
Author Indexp. 193
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

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