9780761827122

Troubled Journey: Nigeria Since the Civil War probes into Nigeria's unique experience as modern African state. It pulls together a talented group of Nigerian historians writing on Nigeria since Independence Day on October 1, 1960, through the devastating Civil War of 1967-1970 into present day. This book is a major contribution to the on-going debate about how the country can best be politically restructured and socio-economically reformed.

Gloria Chuku (Ph.D.) is Assistant Professor of history at South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, U.S.A. where she teaches African history and World Civilizations Jerry I. Dibua (Ph.D.) is Associate Professor of History at Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland Stella A. Effa-Attoe (Ph.D.) is Senior Lecturer in history at the University of Calabar in Nigeria Onwuka N. Njoku (Ph. D.) is a professor of African Economic History and the current Head of Department of History, University of Nigeria Levi A. Nwachuku is currently Professor and Chair of the History Department as well as coordinator of the African-American Experience at Lincoln University, Pennsylvania Okechukwu Okeke (Ph.D.) is a senior lecturer of African History at Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria G.N. Uzoigwe is currently Professor and Head of the Department of History at Mississippi State University

Foreword by Martin Kilson

xi

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xxi

Milestones in Nigerian History

xxiii

PART I: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

1. Nigeria to 1960: An Overview

1

(20)

Introduction

1

(1)

Geography and Environment

2

(2)

Ancestry of Nigerians

4

(6)

State Formation

10

(2)

External Influence

12

(4)

Conclusion

16

(5)

G.N. Uzoigwe

2. Survey of Nigerian History Since Independence

21

(30)

Introduction

21

(2)

The Test of the Nigerian State

23

(1)

Census Crisis, 1962-1963

24

(2)

Creation of the Midwest State

26

(1)

Lagos University Vice Chancellorship Crisis, 1965

27

(1)

Prelude to the First Military Coup

28

(1)

Western Region Election, November, 1965

29

(3)

The Coup d'etat, 1966 and the Subsequent Break-up of the Nigerian Federation

32

(6)

Aftermath of the Civil War: A Federal Omnipotence

38

(1)

Social Ethics

39

(1)

The Igbo Experience

40

(2)

Nigeria 1970-1980: The Boom Decade, An Overview

42

(2)

Nigeria 1980-1990's: The Troubled Years, An Overview

44

(7)

Levi A. Nwachuku

PART II: FROM GOWON TO ABUBAKAR

3. Era of Misguided Good Feeling: Yakubu Gowon and the Birth of a New Nigeria, 1970-1975

51

(28)

Background

51

(1)

Silver Lining

52

(2)

Reconstruction and Rehabilitation

54

(6)

Economic Mismanagement

60

(4)

Corruption, Extravagance and Inequality

64

(4)

Foreign Policy

68

(3)

Broken Covenant

71

(2)

Conclusion

73

(6)

O.N. Njoku

4. The Quest for National Purification: Murtala Muhammed's New Vision, 1975-1976

79

(32)

Introduction

79

(1)

Civil and Public Service Purge

80

(6)

Transition to Civil Rule

86

(1)

Relocation of the Federal Capital

87

(1)

Creation of More States

88

(1)

Abandoned Property Issue

89

(1)

Leadership Style and Political Structure

90

(3)

Socio-Economic Problems

93

(5)

Foreign Policy

98

(2)

Exit of a Hero and Soldier-Statesman

100

(1)

Conclusion

101

(10)

Gloria Ifeoma Chuku

5. Vision Betrayed?: Olusegun Obasanjo, 1976-1979

111

(22)

Introduction

111

(2)

The Economy

113

(3)

Social Cultural Forces

116

(5)

Foreign Policy

121

(2)

Political Development

123

(3)

Obasanjo: An Assessment

126

(7)

Levi A. Nwachuku

6. Vision Lost: Restoration of Civilian Rule and Shehu Shagari's Missed Opportunity, 1979-1983

133

(54)

Introduction

133

(3)

Shehu Shagari: A Profile

136

(3)

Politics of Survival

139

(8)

Reassertion of State Power and Central Government Response

147

(4)

Economic Crisis

151

(6)

The Public Sector

157

(5)

Social Forces

162

(7)

Foreign Policy

169

(3)

The 1983 Elections and the Fall of the Second Republic

172

(7)

Conclusion

179

(8)

G.N. Uzoigwe with Stella A. Effah-Attoe

7. Crisis of Purpose: Muhammadu Buhari's Renaissance of National Sanitation, 1984-1985

187

(20)

Introduction

187

(2)

General Muhammadu Buhari: A Profile

189

(2)

Economic, Social and Political Inheritance

191

(1)

Redemptive Economic Measures

192

(2)

Education

194

(2)

Ethical Purification

196

(1)

Foreign Policy

197

(3)

Conclusion

200

(7)

Levi A. Nwachuku

8. Collapse of Purpose: Ibrahim Babangida, 1985-1993

207

(30)

Introduction

207

(2)

The Political Bureau

209

(3)

Mass Mobilization

212

(2)

Administrative Reforms

214

(3)

Rural Development

217

(3)

Economic Policy

220

(4)

Transition to Civil Rule Program

224

(4)

Foreign Policy

228

(3)

Conclusion

231

(6)

J.L. Dibua

9. Legacy of National Paralysis: Ernest Shonekan and Sani Abacha, 1993-1998

237

(32)

Rise and Fall of Shonekan

237

(5)

Political Developments Under the Abacha Regime

242

(4)

Economic and Social Developments

246

(11)

Foreign Affairs

257

(2)

Conclusion

259

(1)

The Abacha Regime, 1997-1998: A Post Script

260

(9)

Okechukwu Okeke

10. Abdulsalaam Abubakar's Interregnum, 1998-1999

269

(14)

Introduction

269

(1)

Transition to Civil Rule

270

(2)

Social Policy

272

(3)

The Economy

275

(4)

Foreign Policy

279

(1)

Conclusion

280

(3)

Gloria Ifeoma Chuku

11. The Future of Nigeria: Problems and Prospects in the Twenty-First Century

283

(40)

The Paradox of Nigeria

283

(1)

Importance of Nigeria

284

(2)

Primacy of Politics: "Seek Ye First the Political Kingdom"

286

(12)

Secularity versus Theocracy: Religion as the Opiate of the People

298

(4)

The Military Factor: The Soldier as Citizen

302

(3)

Foreign Policy: Charity Begins at Home

305

(1)

Economic and Social Imperatives: Leadership and Reform

306

(5)

Vision 2010 Report: A Retrospective Look

311

(2)

Economic Reform

313

(3)

Social Reform

316

(1)

Conclusion

317

G.N. Uzoigwe

Appendix

323

(4)

Select Bibliography

327

(4)

Index

331

(8)

Notes on Contributors

339

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Troubled Journey Nigeria Since the Civil War

0761827129

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