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9780520213623

Enhancing Biological Control

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780520213623

  • ISBN10:

    0520213629

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1998-10-01
  • Publisher: Univ of California Pr

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Supplemental Materials

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Summary

Over the past ten years an increasing number of field entomologists and farmers have recognized that conservation of natural enemies is important to effective biological control in many agricultural systems. This collection addresses an important gap in the biological control literature by providing the first comprehensive summary of recent findings on habitat manipulation to control pests.Enhancing Biological Controlincludes contributions from experts around the world: the United States, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, People's Republic of China, and Switzerland. Chapters cover habitat modification in such areas as fields, orchards, or vineyards, and along or near the perimeters of fields, including hedges or other uncultivated areas. Generalist and specialist natural enemies are described in full, as are theoretical and practical issues. Experimental designs for studying enhancement come into play, and the editors include a modeling study that explores how the dispersal of natural enemies interacts with the positioning of refuges. This volume is an invaluable source of information to researchers, progressive farmers, and agricultural consultants.

Table of Contents

Introduction: Enhancing Biological Control---Habitat Management to Promote Natural Enemies of Agricultural Pests
1(24)
Robert L. Bugg
Charles H. Pickett
Definitions
1(1)
Basis and Origin of the Practice
1(1)
Complications in Research and Implementation
2(2)
Integration with Other Aspects of Biological Control
4(1)
Integration with Cultural Control
4(1)
Vegetational Diversification
5(3)
Diets of Biological Control Agents
8(2)
Patterns of Natural Enemy Movement
10(1)
Reducing Pesticide Dependency Through Integrated Farming
11(4)
References
15(10)
The Importance of Movement in the Response of Natural Enemies to Habitat Manipulation
25(24)
Andrew Corbett
Introduction
25(1)
A Review of Field Studies
26(3)
A Mechanistic Framework for Natural Enemy Movement in Diversified Agroecosystems
29(3)
Predictions of the Model
32(6)
Integrating Movement Considerations into Habitat Management Research
38(6)
References
44(5)
Weedy Plant Species and Their Beneficial Arthropods: Potential for Manipulation in Field Crops
49(24)
Wolfgang Nentwig
Introduction
49(1)
Arthropods and Weeds
50(4)
The Best Weeds for Aphidophagous Syrphids
54(3)
Lacewings---Where to Lay the Eggs
57(3)
Coccinellids and Weeds
60(2)
Spiders Need Construction Assistance
62(2)
Conclusion
64(2)
Additional Note
66(1)
Acknowledgments
66(1)
References
67(6)
Biological Control of Aphids in Lettuce Using In-Field Insectaries
73(12)
William E. Chaney
Introduction
73(6)
Discussion
79(3)
References
82(3)
Parasitoid Activity and Plant Species Composition in Intercropped Systems
85(36)
Moshe Coll
Introduction
85(2)
Host-Parasitoid Interactions in Diverse Plant Habitats
87(3)
Effect of Plant Texture on Parasitoid Species Diversity
90(1)
Factors That Affect Parasitoids in Diverse Plant Habitats
90(6)
Effect of Pest Control Practices on Parasitoids in Intercrops
96(1)
Interactions Between Parasitoids and Nonhost Pests in Intercrops
97(1)
The Effect of Intercropping on Parasitoid Activity: A Quest for Patterns
98(12)
Concluding Remarks and Directions for Future Research
110(2)
Acknowledgments
112(1)
References
112(9)
Enhancement of Predation Through Within-Field Diversification
121(40)
Juha Helenius
Introduction
121(1)
The Annual-Field Crop Habitat
121(2)
The Arthropod Predators
123(11)
Diversity and Predation
134(5)
Management Considerations
139(9)
Summary and Conclusions
148(1)
Acknowledgments
149(1)
References
149(12)
Natural Regulation at the Farm Level
161(50)
Fritz J. Hani
Ernst F. Boller
Siegfried Keller
Introduction
161(1)
Farming Systems
162(3)
Implementation, Certification, and Economic Evaluation of Ecologically Oriented Farming Systems
165(7)
Farming Systems and Bioindicators
172(2)
Structure of Agroecosystems
174(1)
The Elements of Agroecosystems and Examples of Natural Regulation of Pests and Diseases
174(24)
Conclusion
198(1)
Acknowledgment
199(1)
References
199(12)
The Role of Spiders and Their Conservation in the Agroecosystem
211(28)
Susan E. Riechert
Generalist vs. Specialist Predators
213(3)
The Agroecosystem---a Spider-Poor Habitat
216(4)
Habitat Manipulations
220(4)
The Benefits of Mulching
224(5)
On Polycultures and Intercropping
229(1)
Spiders vs. Other Arthropod Generalist Predators
230(1)
No-Till Agriculture
231(1)
Conclusion
232(1)
References
232(7)
Natural and Artificial Shelter to Enhance Arthropod Biological Control Agents
239(16)
Kerry A. Beane
Robert L. Bugg
Introduction
239(1)
Foraging
239(1)
Resting
240(1)
Seasonal Dormancy
241(5)
Nesting and Other Ovipositional Sites
246(3)
Integrating Shelter with Other Habitat Components and with Practical Farm Management
249(1)
References
250(5)
Habitat Management for Biological Control, Examples from China
255(16)
William Olkowski
Anghe Zhang
On-farm Cropping Practices
256(8)
Field Enhancement of Natural Enemies
264(2)
Field Transport of Natural Enemies
266(1)
Conservation of Natural Enemies
267(1)
Summary
268(1)
Acknowledgment
268(1)
References
268(3)
The Role of Experimentation in the Development of Enhancement Strategies
271(26)
Steve E. Schoenig
Robert L. Bugg
Jessica Utts
Introduction
271(1)
Experimental Design
272(4)
Execution
276(2)
Analysis
278(1)
Case Study #1
279(9)
Case Study #2
288(1)
New and Promising Analytical Techniques
289(3)
Interpretation
292(1)
Conclusion
293(1)
Acknowledgments
294(1)
References
294(3)
Measuring the Impact of a Natural Enemy Refuge: The Prune Tree/Vineyard Example
297(14)
Brook C. Murphy
Jay A. Rosenheim
Jeffrey Granett
Charles H. Pickett
Robert V. Dowell
Prune Refuge/Grape Vineyard System
297(7)
Leafhopper Nymph Densities
304(1)
Discussion
305(2)
Conclusion
307(1)
References
308(3)
Spiders and Vineyard Habitat Relationships in Central California
311(28)
William Roltsch
Rachid Hanna
Frank Zalom
Harry Shorey
Mark Mayse
Introduction
311(1)
General Life History Characteristics of Spiders
312(2)
Spiders in Agroecosystems
314(3)
Spider Sampling and Evaluation of Several Techniques in San Joaquin Valley Grape Vineyards
317(5)
Vineyard Spider Populations and the Influence of Habitat Characteristics
322(10)
A Perspective on Habitat Management in Woody Perennial Systems
332(1)
Summary and Future Research Needs
333(1)
Acknowledgments
334(1)
References
334(5)
Farmscaping in California: Managing Hedgerows, Roadside and Wetland Plantings, and Wild Plants for Biointensive Pest Management
339(36)
Robert L. Bugg
John H. Anderson
Craig D. Thomsen
Jeff Chandler
Introduction
339(1)
The Elements of Farmscaping: Historical and Philosophical Overview
340(9)
Practical Implementation
349(9)
Arthropods Associated with Farmscaping Features
358(8)
Conclusion
366(4)
References
370(5)
Within-field and Border Refugia for the Enhancement of Natural Enemies
375(30)
Steve D. Wratten
Helmut F. van Emden
Matthew B. Thomas
Introduction
375(2)
Field Boundaries
377(1)
Overwintering Sites for Predators
378(20)
Conclusion
398(1)
References
398(7)
Index 405

Supplemental Materials

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The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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