Making Medicines in Africa The Political Economy of Industrializing for Local Health

This book is open access under a CC-BY license.
The importance of the pharmaceutical industry in Sub-Saharan Africa, its claim to policy priority, is rooted in the vast unmet health needs of the sub-continent. Making Medicines in Africa is a collective endeavour, by a group of contributors with a strong African and more broadly Southern presence, to find ways to link technological development, investment and industrial growth in pharmaceuticals to improve access to essential good quality medicines, as part of moving towards universal access to competent health care in Africa. The authors aim to shift the emphasis in international debate and initiatives towards sustained Africa-based and African-led initiatives to tackle this huge challenge. Without the technological, industrial, intellectual, organisational and research-related capabilities associated with competent pharmaceutical production, and without policies that pull the industrial sectors towards serving local health needs, the African sub-continent cannot generate the resources to tackle its populations' needs and demands. 
 
Research for this book has been selected as one of the 20 best examples of the impact of UK research on development. See http://www.ukcds.org.uk/the-global-impact-of-uk-research for further details.

Maureen Mackintosh is Professor of Economics at the Open University, UK. She is a development economist specialising in the analysis of markets in health care and medicines, with particular reference to African contexts.

Geoffrey Banda is a Research Fellow at the Innogen Institute within Science, Technology and Innovation Studies at The University of Edinburgh, UK. He is currently working on an ESRC-funded Regenerative Medicine project.

Paula Tibandebage is a Senior Research Associate with REPOA, a non-government policy research institute in Tanzania. She specializes in issues of social protection and social services provisioning, including health and education.

Watu Wamae is Visiting Research Fellow in the Department of Economics at The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK. Her research expertise is in the area of industrialisation and innovation policy, and she works closely with governments in Africa.

Introduction: African Industrial Development, Values And Health Care; Maureen Mackintosh, Geoffrey Banda, Paula Tibandebage and Watu Wamae
PART I: THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN AFRICA
1. Making Medicines In Africa: An Historical Political Economy Overview; Geoffrey Banda, Samuel Wangwe and Maureen Mackintosh
2. Pharmaceuticals In Kenya: The Evolution Of Technological Capabilities; Roberto Simonetti and Norman Clark
3. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Decline In Tanzania: How Possible Is A Turnaround To Growth?; Paula Tibandebage, Samuel Wangwe and Maureen Mackintosh
4. Bringing Industrial And Health Policies Closer: Reviving Pharmaceutical Production In Ethiopia; Tsige Gebre-Mariam, Kedir Tahir and Solomon Gebre-Amanuel
5. South-South Collaboration In Pharmaceuticals: Manufacturing Antiretroviral Medicines In Mozambique; Giuliano Russo and Lícia De Oliveira
6. Can Foreign Firms Promote Local Production Of Pharmaceuticals In Africa?; Sudip Chaudhuri
7. Raising The Technological Level: The Scope For API, Excipients, Additives And Biologicals Manufacture In Africa; Joseph Fortunak, Skhumbuzo Ngozwana, Tsige Gebre-Mariam, Tiffany Ellison and Paul Watts
PART II: INDUSTRIALISATION FOR HEALTH
8. Health Systems As Industrial Policy: Building Collaborative Capabilities In The Tanzanian And Kenyan Health Sectors And Their Local Suppliers; Maureen Mackintosh, Paula Tibandebage, Joan Kariuki Kungu, Mercy Karimi Njeru and Caroline Israel
9. The Dissemination Of Local Health Innovations: Political Economy Issues In Brazil; Erika Aragão, Jane Mary Guimarães and Sebastião Loureiro
10. Healthy Industries And Unhealthy Populations: Lessons From Indian Problem-Solving; Smita Srinivas
PART III: INDUSTRIAL POLICIES AND HEALTH NEEDS
11. Policies To Control Medicines Prices: Does The South African Experience Have Lessons For Other African Countries?; Skhumbuzo Ngozwana
12. African Pharmaceutical Standards: The Road To Improvement And Their Role In Technological Capability Upgrading; Geoffrey Banda, Julius Mugwagwa, Dinar Kale and Margareth Ndomondo-Sigonda
13. Innovative Procurement For Health And Industrial Development; Joanna Chataway, Geoffrey Banda, Gavin Cochrane and Catriona Manville
14. Industry Associations And The Changing Politics Of Making Medicines In South Africa; Theo Papaioannou, Andrew Watkins, Julius Mugwagwa and Dinar Kale
15. Finance And Incentives To Support The Development Of National Pharmaceutical Industries; Alastair West and Geoffrey Banda