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9780471484226

JPEG2000 Standard for Image Compression Concepts, Algorithms and VLSI Architectures

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780471484226

  • ISBN10:

    0471484229

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2004-10-18
  • Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
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Summary

JPEG2000 Standard for Image Compression presents readers with the basic background to this multimedia compression technique and prepares the reader for a detailed understanding of the JPEG2000 standard, using both the underlying theory and the principles behind the algorithms of the JPEG2000 standard for scalable image compression. It introduces the VLSI architectures and algorithms for implementation of the JPEG2000 standard in hardware (not available in the current literature), an important technology for a number of image processing applications and devices such as digital camera, color fax, printer, and scanners.

Author Biography

TINKU ACHARYA, PhD, is Chief Science Officer and Senior Executive Vice President of Avisere, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, and an adjunct professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. With seventy-four U.S. patents, fourteen European patents, and more than fifty patents pending, Professor Acharya has been recognized as Intel Corporation&#146;s &quot;Most Prolific Inventor&quot; in 1999 and 2001 worldwide and for five consecutive years (1997&#151;2001) in Arizona. He has published three books and more than sixty papers in the area of multimedia computing. <BR> PING-SING TSAI, PhD, is Assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science of the University of Texas-Pan American, in Edinburg, Texas. He has published more than twenty journal and conference papers, holds thirteen patents, and has five patents pending.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
1 Introduction to Data Compression
1(22)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Why Compression?
2(3)
1.2.1 Advantages of Data Compression
3(1)
1.2.2 Disadvantages of Data Compression
4(1)
1.3 Information Theory Concepts
5(4)
1.3.1 Discrete Memoryless Model and Entropy
5(1)
1.3.2 Noiseless Source Coding Theorem
6(2)
1.3.3 Unique Decipherability
8(1)
1.4 Classification of Compression algorithms
9(2)
1.5 A Data Compression Model
11(1)
1.6 Compression Performance
12(3)
1.6.1 Compression Ratio and Bits per Sample
13(1)
1.6.2 Quality Metrics
13(2)
1.6.3 Coding Delay
15(1)
1.6.4 Coding Complexity
15(1)
1.7 Overview of Image Compression
15(2)
1.8 Multimedia Data Compression Standards
17(3)
1.8.1 Still Image Coding Standard
17(1)
1.8.2 Video Coding Standards
18(1)
1.8.3 Audio Coding Standard
18(1)
1.8.4 Text Compression
19(1)
1.9 Summary
20(1)
References
20(3)
2 Source Coding Algorithms
23(32)
2.1 Run-length Coding
23(1)
2.2 Huffman Coding
24(6)
2.2.1 Limitations of Huffman Coding
27(1)
2.2.2 Modified Huffman Coding
28(2)
2.3 Arithmetic Coding
30(4)
2.3.1 Encoding Algorithm
31(2)
2.3.2 Decoding Algorithm
33(1)
2.4 Binary Arithmetic Coding
34(10)
2.4.1 Implementation with Integer Mathematics
38(1)
2.4.2 The QM-Coder
39(5)
2.5 Ziv-Lempel Coding
44(8)
2.5.1 The LZ77 Algorithm
44(2)
2.5.2 The LZ78 Algorithm
46(3)
2.5.3 The LZW Algorithm
49(3)
2.6 Summary
52(1)
References
53(2)
3 JPEG: Still Image Compression Standard
55(24)
3.1 Introduction
55(1)
3.2 The JPEG Lossless Coding Algorithm
56(4)
3.3 Baseline JPEG Compression
60(15)
3.3.1 Color Space Conversion
60(1)
3.3.2 Source Image Data Arrangement
61(1)
3.3.3 The Baseline Compression Algorithm
62(1)
3.3.4 Discrete Cosine Transform
63(3)
3.3.5 Coding the DCT Coefficients
66(6)
3.3.6 Decompression Process in Baseline JPEG
72(3)
3.4 Progressive DCT-based Mode
75(1)
3.5 Hierarchical Mode
76(1)
3.6 Summary
77(1)
References
78(1)
4 Introduction to Discrete Wavelet Transform
79(28)
4.1 Introduction
79(1)
4.2 Wavelet Transforms
80(7)
4.2.1 Discrete Wavelet Transforms
82(1)
4.2.2 Concept of Multiresolution Analysis
83(2)
4.2.3 Implementation by Filters and the Pyramid Algorithm
85(2)
4.3 Extension to Two-Dimensional Signals
87(4)
4.4 Lifting Implementation of the Discrete Wavelet Transform
91(12)
4.4.1 Finite Impulse Response Filter and Z-transform
92(1)
4.4.2 Euclidean Algorithm for Laurent Polynomials
93(1)
4.4.3 Perfect Reconstruction and Polyphase Representation of Filters
94(2)
4.4.4 Lifting
96(6)
4.4.5 Data Dependency Diagram for Lifting Computation
102(1)
4.5 Why Do We Care About Lifting?
103(1)
4.6 Summary
103(1)
References
104(3)
5 VLSI Architectures for Discrete Wavelet Transforms
107(30)
5.1 Introduction
107(2)
5.2 A VLSI Architecture for the Convolution Approach
109(9)
5.2.1 Mapping the DWT in a Semi-Systolic Architecture
110(2)
5.2.2 Mapping the Inverse DWT in a Semi-Systolic Architecture
112(4)
5.2.3 Unified Architecture for DWT and Inverse DWT
116(2)
5.3 VLSI Architectures for Lifting-based DWT
118(15)
5.3.1 Mapping the Data Dependency Diagram in Pipeline Architectures
119(1)
5.3.2 Enhanced Pipeline Architecture by Folding
120(1)
5.3.3 Flipping Architecture
121(1)
5.3.4 A Register Allocation Scheme for Lifting
121(3)
5.3.5 A Recursive Architecture for Lifting
124(1)
5.3.6 A DSP-Type Architecture for Lifting
125(1)
5.3.7 A Generalized and Highly Programmable Architecture for Lifting
126(1)
5.3.8 A Generalized Two-Dimensional Architecture
127(6)
5.4 Summary
133(1)
References
133(4)
6 JPEG2000 Standard
137(26)
6.1 Introduction
137(2)
6.2 Why JPEG2000?
139(3)
6.3 Parts of the JPEG2000 Standard
142(3)
6.4 Overview of the JPEG2000 Part 1 Encoding System
145(1)
6.5 Image Preprocessing
145(2)
6.5.1 Tiling
145(1)
6.5.2 DC Level Shifting
146(1)
6.5.3 Multicomponent Transformations
146(1)
6.6 Compression
147(11)
6.6.1 Discrete Wavelet Transformation
149(3)
6.6.2 Quantization
152(1)
6.6.3 Region of Interest Coding
153(3)
6.6.4 Rate Control
156(1)
6.6.5 Entropy Encoding
157(1)
6.7 Tier-2 Coding and Bitstream Formation
158(1)
6.8 Summary
158(1)
References
159(4)
7 Coding Algorithms in JPEG2000
163(50)
7.1 Introduction
163(1)
7.2 Partitioning Data for Coding
164(1)
7.3 Tier-1 Coding in JPEG2000
164(31)
7.3.1 Fractional Bit-Plane Coding
165(12)
7.3.2 Examples of BPC Encoder
177(8)
7.3.3 Binary Arithmetic Coding MQ-Coder
185(10)
7.4 Tier-2 Coding in JPEG2000
195(16)
7.4.1 Basic Tag Tree Coding
196(1)
7.4.2 Bitstream Formation
197(4)
7.4.3 Packet Header Information Coding
201(10)
7.5 Summary
211(1)
References
211(2)
8 Code-Stream Organization and File Format
213(14)
8.1 Introduction
213(1)
8.2 Syntax and Code-Stream Rules
213(5)
8.2.1 Basic Rules
215(1)
8.2.2 Markers and Marker Segments Definitions
216(1)
8.2.3 Headers Definition
216(2)
8.3 File Format for JPEG2000 Part 1: JP2 format
218(5)
8.3.1 File Format Organization
220(1)
8.3.2 JP2 Required Boxes
220(3)
8.4 Example
223(2)
8.5 Summary
225(1)
References
225(2)
9 VLSI Architectures for JPEG2000
227(26)
9.1 Introduction
227(1)
9.2 A JPEG2000 Architecture for VLSI Implementation
228(3)
9.3 VLSI Architectures for EBCOT
231(11)
9.3.1 Combinational Logic Blocks
233(2)
9.3.2 Functionality of the Registers
235(2)
9.3.3 Control Mechanism for the EBCOT Architecture
237(5)
9.4 VLSI Architecture for Binary Arithmetic Coding: MQ-Coder
242(3)
9.5 Decoder Architecture for JPEG2000
245(1)
9.6 Summary of Other Architectures for JPEG2000
246(3)
9.6.1 Pass-Parallel Architecture for EBCOT
246(1)
9.6.2 Memory-Saving Architecture for EBCOT
247(1)
9.6.3 Computationally Efficient EBCOT Architecture by Skipping
248(1)
9.7 Summary
249(1)
References
249(4)
10 Beyond Part 1 of JPEG2000 Standard 253(16)
10.1 Introduction
253(1)
10.2 Part 2: Extensions
253(8)
10.2.1 Variable DC Offset
254(1)
10.2.2 Variable Scalar Quantization Offsets
254(1)
10.2.3 Trellis-Coded Quantization
254(1)
10.2.4 Visual Masking
255(1)
10.2.5 Arbitrary Wavelet Decomposition
256(1)
10.2.6 Arbitrary Wavelet Transformation
257(1)
10.2.7 Single Sample Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transformation
257(1)
10.2.8 Multiple Component Transforms
258(1)
10.2.9 Nonlinear Transformations
259(2)
10.2.10 Region of Interest Extension
261(1)
10.2.11 File Format Extension and Metadata Definitions
261(1)
10.3 Part 3: Motion JPEG2000
261(3)
10.4 Part 4: Conformance Testing
264(1)
10.5 Part 5: Reference Software
265(1)
10.6 Part 6: Compound Image File Format
265(1)
10.7 Other Parts (7-12)
265(1)
10.8 Summary
266(1)
References
267(2)
Index 269(4)
About the Authors 273

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