For over 50 years, the mission of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has been to conduct and support basic and applied research to better understand, treat, and prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases with the ultimate goal of improving the health of individuals in the United States and around the world. As part of its mission to foster biomedical discovery and to reduce the burden of human disease, NIAID is committed to encouraging the accelerated translation of biomedical discoveries into effective clinical care and public health practice throughout the world. In pursuit of this goal and its disease-specific scientific objectives, NIAID seeks to broaden research opportunities and collaborations involving scientists and institutions outside the United States. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH: Volume 1, Frontiers in Research contains presentations given at the 2006 NIAID Research Conference held in Opatija, Croatia which brought internationally known researchers from the United States and Central and Eastern Europe to focus together on shared interests in microbiology, infectious disease, HIV/AIDS, and basic and clinical immunology. Some of the topics covered include emerging and re-emerging infections, the development of infectious disease prophylactics and therapeutics, drug resistance, and various topics in immunomodulation, autoimmunity, infections and immunity, and the development of vaccines. Extensive and in-depth, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH: Volume 1, Frontiers in Research is a valuable, comprehensive guide to the state of research today.

Preface	p. vii
Acknowledgments	p. ix
Contributors	p. xv
Introduction
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID): An Overview	p. 3
Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections
Biotools for Determining the Genetics of Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases and Expediting Research Translation into Effective Countermeasures	p. 13
Spore Surface Components and Protective Immunity to Bacillus anthracis	p. 19
New Candidate Anthrax Pathogenic Factors	p. 25
Ehrlichiae and Ehrlichioses: Pathogenesis and Vector Biology	p. 37
Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) Analysis (MLVA) of Brucella spp. Identifies Species-Specific Markers and Insights into Phylogenetic Relationships	p. 47
Expression of the MtrC-MtrD-MtrE Efflux Pump in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Bacterial Survival in the Presence of Antimicrobials	p. 55
Tuberculosis
What can Mycobacteriophages Tell Us About Mycobacterium tuberculosis?	p. 67
Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Differ in their Intracellular Growth in Human Macrophages	p. 77
Mechanisms of Latent Tuberculosis: Dormancy and Resuscitation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	p. 83
Separating Latent and Acute Disease in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis	p. 91
Mutant Selection Window Hypothesis: A Framework for Anti-mutant Dosing of Antimicrobial Agents	p. 101
Avian Influenza
The NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project	p. 109
Lessons from the 1918 Spanish Flu Epidemic in Iceland	p. 115
Control of Notifiable Avian Influenza Infections in Poultry	p. 123
Understanding the Complex Pathobiology of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Birds	p. 131
Prophylactics and Therapeutics for Infectious Diseases
Development of Prophylactics and Therapeutics Against the Smallpox and Monkeypox Biothreat Agents	p. 145
The Hierarchic Informational Technology for QSAR Investigations: Molecular Design of Antiviral Compounds	p. 163
Antivirals for Influenza: Novel Agents and Approaches	p. 179
Anti-Infectious Actions of the Proteolysis Inhibitor ϵ-Aminocaproic Acid (ϵ-ACA)	p. 193
A New Highly Potent Antienteroviral Compound	p. 199
Russian Perspectives in Emerging and Re-Emerging and Infections Research
Reduction and Possible Mechanisms of Evolution of the Bacterial Genomes	p. 205
Interaction of Yersinia pestis Virulence Factors with IL-1R/TLR Recognition System	p. 215
IS481-Induced Variability of Bordetella pertussis	p. 227
Microarray Immunophosphorescence Technology for the Detection of Infectious Pathogens	p. 233
Development of Immunodiagnostic Kits and Vaccines for Bacterial Infections	p. 241
Perspectives in Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections—Research in Central Asia and Caucasus
Research in Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases in Central Asia and the Caucasus: Contributions by the the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institutes of Health	p. 251
Disease Surveillance in Georgia: Benefits of International Cooperation	p. 253
Epidemiology (Including Molecular Epidemiology) of HIV, Hepatitis B and C in Georgia: Experience From U.S.-Georgian Collaboration	p. 257
The National Tuberculosis Program in the Country of Georgia: An Overview	p. 263
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Aids
Virus Receptor Wars: Entry Molecules Used for and Against Viruses Associated with AIDS	p. 271
HIV Latency and Reactivation: The Early Years	p. 279
HIV-1 Sequence Diversity as a Window Into HIV-1 Biology	p. 289
Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against HIV and Emerging Viruses	p. 299
Biological Basis and Clinical Significance of HIV Resistance to Antiviral Drugs	p. 309
NIAID HIV/AIDS Prevention Research	p. 319
Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV and AIDS in Lithuania	p. 327
Immunology and Vaccines
Immunomodulation
TACI, Isotype Switching, CVID, and IgAD	p. 343
A Tapestry of Immunotherapeutic Fusion Proteins: From Signal Conversion to Auto-stimulation	p. 349
A Role for Complement System in Mobilization and Homing of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells	p. 357
Post-translational Processing of Human Interferon-¿ Produced in Escherichia coli and Approaches for Its Prevention	p. 365
Autoimmunity
B-cell dysfunctions in Autoimmune Diseases	p. 377
A Model System for Studying Mechanisms of B-cell Transformation in Systemic Autoimmunity	p. 385
Breach and Restoration of B-Cell Tolerance in Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	p. 397
Infection and Immunity
Dendritic Cells: Biological and Pathological Aspects	p. 409
Immunomic and Bioinformatics Analysis of Host Immunity in the Vaccinia Virus and Influenza A Systems	p. 429
Immunoreactions to Hantaviruses	p. 435
Innate Immunity to Mouse Cytomegalovirus	p. 445
Vaccines
Research and Development of Chimeric Flavivirus Vaccines	p. 459
Correlates of Immunity Elicited by Live Yersinia pestis Vaccine	p. 473
Building a Sustainable Personal Research Portfolio
Strategies for a Competitive Research Career	p. 483
Selecting the Appropriate Funding Mechanism	p. 487
Preparing and Submitting a Competitive Grant Application	p. 497
Identifying Research Resources and Funding Opportunities	p. 507
Index	p. 519
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH

9781934115770

1934115770

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