Preface

xix

Contributors

xxi

SECTION 1 Weaving Critical Threads Through Nursing Ideas

(126)

The History of the Relationship between Feminism and Nursing

(18)

Linda C. Andrist

Nursing: The Invisible Profession

(1)

Women's Rights in the 19th Century

(3)

The Woman Movement

(1)

National Growth and Rebellion

(1)

The Birth of Modern American Nursing

(3)

Early Professional Organizations

(1)

Radical Reformers

(1)

The Henry Street Settlement

(1)

Labor: Nurses' Issues Equal Women's Issues

(1)

Labor Issues for Women

(1)

Lavinia Dock: Nurse Activist

(2)

Return of the Cult of Domesticity

(1)

The Second Wave

(3)

Towards the Future of Feminism and Nursing

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(2)

Endnotes

(1)

Oppressed Group Behavior and Nursing

(12)

Susan Jo Roberts

Oppressed Group Behavior

(1)

Liberation From Oppression

(1)

Nursing as an Oppressed Group

(2)

Liberation for Nursing

(3)

Change in the Health Care System

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(4)

Men Nurses and Women Physicians: Exploring Masculinities and Gendered and Sexed Relations in Nursing and Medicine

(10)

Joan Evans

Moving Beyond Sex Role Theory

(1)

Multiple Masculinities

(1)

Crossing Over Into Nontraditional Occupations

(3)

Gender as Status Contradiction

(1)

Reconciling the Status Contradiction: Men Nurses and Women Physicians

(1)

Gendered and Sexed Relations and the Gender Regime of Health Care

(1)

The Nurse--Physician Relationship

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(3)

Moving Towards a Culturally Competent Profession

(12)

Deborah Washington

Background

(1)

The Diaspora

(2)

Limitations of Multiculturalism

(1)

Health Disparities

(1)

Culture and Western Health Care

(2)

Nursing Lens of the Multicultural Professional

(1)

Culturally Competent Care

(1)

The Substance of Nursing: Theory and Culture

(2)

Transcultural Nursing

(2)

Purnell's Model for Cultural Competence

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(3)

Race, Race Relations, and the Emergence of Professional Nursing, 1870-2004

(10)

Patricia St. Hill

The Civil War Era

(1)

The Segregation Laws and Nursing

(3)

Nursing Practice Under the Segregation Laws

(1)

Racial Quotas and the Wars (1901-1951)

(1)

Organizing for Strength

(1)

Lowering the Racial Barriers

(1)

The Nursing Shortage and Minority Considerations

(3)

Government Intervention

(1)

Nursing Intervention

(1)

The Importation of Foreign Nurses

(1)

Facing the Challenges of Tomorrow

(1)

References

(2)

Exploring Migration and Health

(16)

Sharon McGuire

Nursing and Migration

(1)

Historical Foundations of U.S. Nursing and Immigrant Health

(2)

After Wald

(1)

The Late 20th Century and the New Millennium

(1)

Anthropological Perspectives and the History of Migration

(3)

Patterns of Migration

(1)

Trends in Migration

(1)

Women and Migration

(1)

Undocumentedness

(1)

Challenges for Nursing

(1)

References

(7)

The Concept of Community in Nursing History: Its Narrative Stream

(14)

Denise J. Drevdahl

Community Upstream

(2)

Community Submerged

(2)

Community Resurfaced

(3)

Community To Be

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(2)

Endnotes

(1)

The Evolution of the Environmental Metaparadigm of Nursing

(12)

Dorothy Kleffel

Ancient Times to the Victorian Era

(1)

Early Nurses' Comprehensive Views

(3)

Florence Nightingale

(2)

Lillian Wald

100

(1)

Shrinking Perceptions of Environment

101

(1)

Environment as a Component of Nursing Theory

102

(1)

Exploration of New Environmental Paradigms

102

(3)

Eastern, Native American, and Contemporary Environmental Views

103

(1)

Upstream Nursing Scholars

103

(2)

Theory Revision to Global Arenas

105

(1)

Reclaiming Early Nurses' Comprehensive Views

105

(1)

The 21st Century and Beyond

106

(1)

References

107

(2)

Visible Humans, Vanishing Bodies, and Virtual Nursing: Complications of Life, Presence, Place, and Identity

109

(12)

Margarete Sandelowski

The Body as Resource and Problem in Nursing

111

(2)

Place, Presence and Telenursing

113

(3)

Toward an Informatics of the Body and an Embodied Informatics in Nursing

116

(1)

References

117

(4)

Machine Technologies and Caring in Nursing

121

(6)

Rozzano C. Locsin

A Model of Technologic Competence and Caring for Nursing

122

(3)

References

125

(2)

SECTION 2 Application of the Scholarship of Nursing Ideas

127

(174)

Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing

129

(10)

Barbara A. Carper

Identifying Patterns of Knowing

129

(1)

Empirics: The Science of Nursing

129

(2)

New Perspectives

130

(1)

Current Stages

130

(1)

Esthetic: The Art of Nursing

131

(2)

Esthetics Versus Scientific Meaning

131

(1)

Esthetic Pattern of Knowing

132

(1)

The Component of Personal Knowledge

133

(1)

Ethics: The Moral Component

134

(1)

Using Patterns of Knowing

135

(1)

References

136

(3)

Patterns of Knowing: Review, Critique, and Update

139

(12)

Jill White

Empirics: The Science of Nursing

140

(2)

Ethics: The Moral Component

142

(1)

Personal Knowing

143

(2)

Esthetics: The Art of Nursing

145

(2)

Sociopolitical Knowing: Context of Nursing

147

(2)

References

149

(2)

An Example of Personal Knowledge: Spirituality

151

(6)

Janice Bell Meisenhelder

Spirituality: Definition

151

(1)

Spirituality in Nursing Practice

152

(1)

Spirituality and Ways of Knowing

153

(1)

References

154

(3)

What Is Nursing Science?

157

(16)

Elizabeth Ann Manhart Barrett

Definition of Nursing

157

(1)

Definition of Science

158

(1)

What is Nursing Science? Prelude

158

(1)

Context of Nursing Science

159

(1)

Schools of Thought

160

(1)

Unique Research and Practice Methodologies

161

(1)

Nursing Theory--Guided Practice

162

(1)

Nursing as a Discipline

163

(1)

What Nursing Science Is Not

164

(1)

Public's View of Nursing

165

(1)

What Is Nursing Science? Revisited

165

(1)

The Significance of Nursing Science

166

(1)

The Courage of Nurse Scholars

167

(1)

Present Challenges

167

(1)

Future Optimism

168

(1)

Cultural Creatives of Nursing

169

(1)

References

170

(3)

Toward a Theory of Nursing Art

173

(12)

Peggy L. Chinn

Developmental Background

173

(1)

Steps for Personal Grounding

174

(1)

Exploratory Course Offering

174

(1)

Assumptions

175

(1)

Conceptual Meanings of Nursing Art

176

(1)

Conceptual Definition of the Form of Nursing Art

177

(1)

Ontology of Nursing Art

177

(2)

How Nursing Art Evolves

179

(1)

Refining Synchronous Narrative Skills

179

(1)

Refining Synchronous Movement Skills

180

(1)

Rehearsal and Connoisseurship

180

(2)

Rehearsal Purpose

181

(1)

Connoisseur Role

181

(1)

Reflective Practice with a Connoisseur

182

(1)

Concluding Statement

182

(1)

References

182

(3)

Wading Through Muddy Waters: The Intersection of Feminist Theory, Cultural Competence, and Ethics in the Care of Battered Women

185

(8)

Ursula Kelly

Introduction

185

(1)

Domestic Abuse, Ethics, and Nursing

185

(1)

Ethics and Domestic Abuse: The Historical View

186

(1)

Ethics and Domestic Abuse: The 21st Century

186

(2)

Feminist Theory

187

(1)

Cultural Competence

188

(1)

Feminism and Cultural Competence

188

(1)

Application to Advanced Nursing Practice

189

(2)

Clinical Exemplar

190

(1)

Conclusion

191

(1)

References

191

(2)

Healthy Death: The Ethics of Care at the End of Life

193

(10)

Inge B. Corless

Patrice K. Nicholas

Background

193

(2)

Caregiving Issues

195

(4)

Patient-Centered Care

199

(1)

References

200

(3)

Grief and Bereavement: Guidance for Primary Care Providers

203

(14)

Angela S. Pizzo

Background

203

(7)

Definitions of Grief and Bereavement

204

(1)

Reactions to Grief

204

(1)

Factors Influencing Grief Reactions

205

(1)

Health Consequences of Grief and Bereavement

206

(1)

Types of Grief

207

(2)

Effects on Family

209

(1)

Cultural Perspectives

209

(1)

Bereavement Care

210

(4)

General Principles of Bereavement Care

211

(1)

Types of Help

211

(3)

Conclusion

214

(1)

References

214

(3)

Family Coping and Adaptation In Planning Support Services for Parents of Children with Chronic Disabilities

217

(20)

Nancy M. Terres

Chronic Illness and Disability as a Family Crisis

217

(1)

Factors Involved in Parent Coping

218

(3)

The Role of Appraisal in Coping

218

(1)

Levels of Meaning

218

(1)

Steps to Coping

219

(1)

Parent Personality Factors and Coping

220

(1)

Family Adaptation

221

(3)

Family Types

222

(1)

Family Characteristics Contributing to Adaptation

222

(1)

Stages of Adaptation

223

(1)

Social Support and Family Adaptation

224

(4)

Types of Social Support

225

(1)

Parent Perceptions of Support

226

(1)

Support Groups

227

(1)

Encouraging Support Use

228

(1)

References

229

(8)

Common Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly: Application of the Neuman Systems Model and the Role of Nursing

237

(14)

Debra C. Sylvester

Background

238

(1)

Coexisting Illness

238

(1)

Patient Expectations

238

(1)

Age-Related Considerations

238

(1)

Review of the Literature

239

(3)

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

240

(1)

Antihypertensive Drugs

240

(1)

Cardiovascular Drugs

241

(1)

Anticoagulants

241

(1)

Psychotropic Medications

241

(1)

Distinguishing ADRs from Geriatric Syndromes

242

(3)

Drug-Induced Urinary Incontinence

242

(1)

Drug-Induced Falls

243

(1)

Drug-Induced Cognitive Impairments

244

(1)

Application of the Neuman Systems Model

245

(1)

Discussion

246

(1)

Recommendations for Nursing

246

(1)

Patient Education

247

(1)

Conclusion

247

(1)

References

248

(3)

Delirium in the Hospitalized Older Adult: Development of a Delirium Risk Stratification Tool

251

(16)

Deborah A. Rosenbloom-Brunto

Background

252

(6)

Defining Characteristics of Cognitive Disturbances

252

(1)

Etiology of Delirium

253

(1)

Management of Delirium

254

(1)

Screening Tools

255

(1)

Application of the Neuman Systems Model

256

(2)

Review of the Literature

258

(1)

Discussion

259

(1)

Interpretation of the Risk Stratification Tool

259

(1)

Conclusion

260

(1)

References

260

(4)

Appendix A

264

(1)

Appendix B

264

(1)

Appendix D

265

(1)

Appendix C

265

(2)

Providing a Framework for the Nurse--Patient Relationship: The Nursing Theory of Hildegard Peplau

267

(10)

Lea A. Johnson

Peplau's View of Nursing Roles

268

(1)

Stranger

268

(1)

Resource

268

(1)

Teacher

268

(1)

Leadership

269

(1)

Surrogate

269

(1)

Counselor

269

(1)

Four Phases of the Nurse--Patient Relationship

269

(1)

Orientation

269

(1)

Identification

270

(1)

Exploitation

270

(1)

Resolution

270

(1)

Comparing Peplau's Phases to the Nursing Process

270

(1)

Clinical Application

271

(2)

Orientation

271

(1)

Identification

272

(1)

Exploitation

272

(1)

Resolution

273

(1)

Applying Theory in Everyday Nursing Practice

273

(1)

Communication Skills

273

(1)

Time

273

(1)

Staff Support

274

(1)

Conclusion

274

(1)

References

274

(3)

Development and Psychometric Analysis of the Cancer Rehabilitation Questionnaire

277

(10)

Patrice K. Nicholas

Jean D. Leuner

Tamara Hammer

Inge B. Corless

Background

278

(1)

Theoretical Framework

279

(1)

Method

279

(2)

Instruments

280

(1)

Results

281

(2)

Study Sample

281

(1)

Mean, Standard Deviations, and Ranges of Scores

282

(1)

Content Validity

282

(1)

Internal Consistency Reliability

282

(1)

Test-Retest Reliability

282

(1)

Construct Validity

282

(1)

Concurrent Validity

283

(1)

Discriminant Validity

283

(1)

Implications for Theory Development and Instrument Development in Nursing

283

(1)

References

284

(3)

Structuring Nursing Knowledge: A Priority for Creating Nursing's Future

287

(6)

Rozella M. Schlotfeldt

Nursing as a Profession

288

(3)

Knowledge of the Discipline

289

(2)

References

291

(2)

A World of No Boundaries

293

(8)

Margaret A. Newman

There Is No Boundary Between Art and Science

294

(1)

There Is No Boundary Between Research and Practice

295

(1)

There Are No Boundaries Between Nursing Theories

296

(1)

Letting Go of Boundaries

297

(1)

References

298

(3)

SECTION 3 Advancing the Profession

301

(188)

The Slow March to Professional Practice

305

(14)

Karen A. Wolf

Nursing as a Profession: Key Ideas For Integration

305

(2)

Roots of Nursing Contradictions

307

(1)

Nursing Takes Root in the United States

308

(1)

The Changing Organization of Work

309

(1)

Instability in the Nursing Labor Force

310

(1)

Militancy Rocks the Hospital Boat

311

(1)

Nursing is Not Alone: The National Crisis in the Quality of Work Life

312

(1)

Patient-Centered Care and the Emergence of Primary Nursing

313

(1)

The Missing Links: Shared Governance and Recognition

314

(2)

The Attraction of Magnet Hospitals

316

(1)

Professional Nursing and Nurse Staffing: Chicken or Egg?

316

(1)

Conclusion

316

(1)

References

317

(2)

Nursing Centers and the Autonomy of Nursing Work

319

(14)

Melinda L. Jenkins

Nurse Pioneers in Community-Based Practice

320

(3)

Lillian Wald

320

(1)

Margaret Sanger

321

(1)

Mary Breckinridge

322

(1)

The Evolving Context of Health Care

323

(1)

The Nursing Centers of Today

324

(3)

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Nursing

325

(1)

East Tennessee State University College of Nursing

325

(1)

Michigan Academic Consortium

326

(1)

National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties

327

(1)

National Nursing Centers Consortium

327

(1)

Money, Money, Money: Overcoming the Barriers to Funding Nursing Centers

328

(1)

The Potential for Vibrant Growth in the Future

329

(1)

References

330

(3)

The Power of the Written Word: The Influence of Nursing Journals

333

(24)

Diana J. Mason

Maureen Shawn Kennedy

Thelma Schorr

Annette Flanagin

Purpose of a Journal

333

(1)

Evolution of Nursing Journals in the United States

334

(3)

The American Journal of Nursing

334

(1)

Nursing Research Journals

335

(1)

Society and Specialty Journals

336

(1)

International Nursing Journals

337

(1)

The Journal as a Reflection of the Times

337

(3)

Impact of Nursing Journals

340

(6)

Communication

340

(1)

Development of the Profession

341

(1)

Advancement of the Art and Science of Nursing

342

(1)

Development of Standards and Practice

343

(1)

Furthering Nurses' Education

344

(1)

Development and Promotion of Nursing Leaders

345

(1)

Impact on Nursing's Role Within Society

346

(1)

Challenges Confronting Today's Nursing Journals

347

(5)

Challenges of the Publishing World

347

(1)

Impact of the Internet

348

(2)

Impact of Peer Review

350

(1)

Ethical Challenges

350

(2)

Conclusion

352

(1)

References

352

(5)

Education for Entry into Nursing Practice: Revisited for the 21st Century

357

(6)

Lucille A. Joel

Current Reality

357

(1)

An Analytical Framework

358

(1)

The Growth and Development of Professional Areas of Work

359

(2)

And for Nursing, the Past is Prologue

361

(1)

References

362

(1)

The Elephant in Our Living Room: Associate Degree Education in Nursing

363

(12)

Elizabeth Speakman

Introduction

363

(1)

Early Nursing Education

363

(1)

Nursing in the 20th Century

364

(2)

Nursing During World War I

366

(1)

Nursing and World War II

367

(1)

The Technical Nurse: The Conception of the Associate Degree Program

368

(2)

The Coming of Age of Associate Degree Education

370

(2)

References

372

(3)

Advanced Practice Nursing: Moving Beyond the Basics

375

(8)

Joyce Pulcini

Educational Standards

378

(1)

Theoretical Issues and Challenges

378

(2)

Conclusion

380

(1)

References

380

(3)

The Evolution of Doctoral Education in Nursing

383

(10)

Michael Carter

Introduction

383

(1)

A Brief History of Doctoral Education

383

(2)

Doctoral Programs in and for Nursing

385

(2)

Clinical Doctoral Programs

387

(2)

Future Doctoral Education

389

(1)

Conclusion

390

(1)

References

390

(3)

Knowledge Development in Nursing: Our Historical Roots and Future Opportunities

393

(16)

Susan R. Gortner

The Early Years

393

(4)

The Transition Years

397

(2)

Nursing Research Becomes Nursing Science

399

(1)

Nursing Science Comes of Age

400

(3)

Future Opportunities

403

(1)

Acknowledgment

404

(1)

Notes

404

(1)

References

404

(5)

Reflective Practice: Empowering Nursing Knowledge

409

(8)

Hollie Noveletsky

Reflective Practice: What is it?

409

(1)

Reflective Practice and Nursing Knowledge Development

410

(3)

Practice

411

(1)

Education

412

(1)

Future Directions for Reflective Practice in Nursing

413

(1)

References

414

(3)

Reclaiming Spirituality in Nursing

417

(10)

Patricia Maher

Introduction

417

(2)

Historical Roots

419

(2)

Nursing Informed by Spirituality: What Nurses Know

421

(2)

Barriers Separating the Disciplines of Nursing and Spirituality

423

(1)

Language

423

(1)

Lack of Paradigms that Integrate Spirituality and Nursing

424

(1)

Nursing Education

424

(1)

Conclusion

424

(1)

References

425

(2)

Nursing as a Context for Alternative/Complementary Modalities

427

(8)

Noreen Cavan Frisch

Nursing as a Framework for Alternative/Complementary Modalities

427

(1)

Alternative/Complementary Modalities

428

(1)

The Context for Professional Nursing

428

(5)

Nursing Theories/Conceptual Models

429

(2)

Nursing Taxonomies of Nursing Practice

431

(2)

Discussion

433

(1)

References

433

(2)

The Role of Codes of Ethics in Nursing's Disciplinary Knowledge

435

(14)

John G. Twomey

Views of Ethics for Nursing

435

(2)

Founders' Views

435

(1)

Views on Codes of Ethics

436

(1)

A Code of Ethics for Nursing

437

(4)

Metaethics---Where Theories Live

437

(1)

Descriptive Ethics---Where Codes Live

438

(1)

Normative Ethics---Where Codes Are Interpreted

439

(1)

The Role of Codes

440

(1)

The ANA Code of Ethics

441

(5)

Reading the Code

442

(4)

Alternative Codes

446

(1)

Conclusion

447

(1)

References

447

(2)

Contributions of the Professional, Public, and Private Sectors in Promoting Patient Safety

449

(12)

Evelyn D. Quigley

Responses by Professional Associations

450

(1)

American Nurses Association Response

450

(1)

American Medical Association Response

451

(1)

First Institute of Medicine Report and Responses

451

(3)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Response

452

(1)

The Leapfrog Response

453

(1)

Quality Interagency Coordination Task Force Response

453

(1)

Second IOM Report and Response

454

(2)

Medicare Response

454

(1)

National Nursing Home Response

455

(1)

Joint Efforts

455

(1)

JCAHO Response

455

(1)

Nursing's Role

456

(2)

Summary

458

(1)

References

458

(3)

The Nursing Shortage: Solutions for the Short and Long Term

461

(12)

Brenda Nevidjon

Jeanette Ives Erickson

Trends to Consider

462

(1)

Image

463

(1)

Recruitment of Students

464

(1)

Retention of Nurses

465

(1)

Models of Care

466

(2)

Regulatory and Policy Issues

468

(2)

Summary

470

(1)

References

471

(2)

Nightingale's Passion for Advocacy: Local to Global

473

(16)

Deva-Marie Beck

Reintroducing Nightingale

473

(1)

Her Worldwide Legacy

474

(2)

Nurses As Humanitarians

476

(1)

Nurses As Environmentalists

476

(2)

Nightingale as Opinion Molder: Lessons for Nursing

478

(1)

Nurses as Change Agents

479

(1)

Nightingale's Broad Scope of Nursing Practice

480

(1)

Nightingale's Top Priority

481

(1)

Building a Nursing Network for Humanitarianism and Health

482

(3)

References

485

(4)

Index

489

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A History of Nursing Ideas

9780763722890

0763722898

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Table of Contents

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