DNA Engineered Noble Metal Nanoparticles Fundamentals and State-of-the-Art of Nanobiotechnology

There is a growing interest in the use of nanoparticles modified with DNAs, viruses, peptides and proteins for the rational design of nanostructured functional materials and their use in biosensor applications. The challenge is to control the organization of biomolecules on nanoparticles while retaining their biological activity as potential chemical and gene therapeutics. These noble metal nanoparticles/biomolecules conjugates have specific properties and therefore they are attractive materials for nanotechnology in biochemistry and  medicine.

In this book, the author review work performed dealing with the DNA structure and functionalities, interactions between DNA, noble metal nanoparticles, surface active agents, solvents and other additives. Particular attention is given to how the DNA's chain length and the DNA conformation affect the interaction and structure of the nanoconjugates and nanostructures that are formed. Also discussed are the recent advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of noble metal nanoparticles that are conjugated with DNA aptamers and oligomers. The advantages and disadvantages of functionalized nanoparticles through various detection modes are highlighted, including colorimetry, fluorescence, electrochemistry, SPR, and, mass spectrometry for the detection of small molecules and biomolecules. The functionalized noble metal nanoparticles are selective and sensitive for the analytes, showing their great potential in biosensing. Furthermore, this book reviews recent progress in the area of DNA-noble metal nanoparticles based artificial nanostructures, that is, the preparation, collective properties, and applications of various DNA-based nanostructures are also described.

Professor Ivan Capek is author and co-author of 3 scientific books and 20 chapters, 20 review articles,? ca.170 articles? with and 1000 citations and? more? than? 20 ?patents. He is Head of the Department at the Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Acknowledgement ix

Preface xi

1 Introduction 1

2 Nucleic Acids 29

2.1 DNA/RNA Basics 29

2.2 Aptamers, Telomers and Oligonucleotides 50

2.3 Techniques and Approaches 63

2.4 DNA-Based Molecular Nanomachines 90

2.5 Peptide Nucleic Acid 104

2.6 Nanobiotechnology 112

3 Noble Metal Nanoparticles 121

3.1 Preparation and Modification 121

3.2 Optical and Physical Properties 137

3.3 Conjugates 144

4 DNA-Based Conjugates 149

4.1 General 149

4.2 Condensation 152

4.3 Conjugates 170

5 DNA-Noble Metal Nanoparticle Conjugates 173

5.1 General Approaches 173

5.2 DNA Monomers and Oligomers 178

5.2.1 Gold Nanoparticles 178

5.2.2 Silver Nanoparticles 207

5.3 Hybridization and Denaturation 224

5.4 DNA Biotemplates 273

6 DNA-Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates 281

6.1 DNA-Gold Zero-Dimensional Nanoparticle Conjugates 281

6.2 DNA One-Dimensional Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates 295

7 PNA-Noble Metal Nanoparticles Conjugates 315

7.1 PNA-Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates 315

7.2 PNA-Silver Nanoparticle Conjugates 328

8 DNA-Silver Nanoparticles Conjugates 335

9 The Structure of DNA-Noble Metal Nanoparticles Conjugates 345

9.1 Configuration of DNA-Noble Metal Nanoparticles Conjugates 345

9.2 Stabilization of DNA Conjugates 358

9.3 Nanostructures and Nanoconstructs 369

9.4 Colorimetric and Sensing Assays 385

10 Photochemical and Photophysical Events 403

10.1 Noble Metal Nanoparticles 403

10.2 DNA Nucleobases 406

10.3 DNA/PNA 417

10.4 DNA-Dyes Conjugates 429

10.5 DNA-AuNP-Dye Conjugates 443

10.6 DNA-Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates 455

10.7 DNA-AgNPs 465

10.8 Hot Gold Nanoparticles 475

11 Nanoparticle Therapeutics 481

11.1 Biodecorated Nanoparticle-Based Therapies 481

11.2 Photothermal Therapy 489

11.3 Cells 495

11.4 Gene Therapy 499

11.5 Blood Fluid Effect 505

11.6 Other Application Approaches 507

12 Conclusion 515

Nomenclature 533

DNA Entities 545

Vocabulary and Definitions 549

References 564

Index

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