Seeing Young Children 5th Edition

by Bentzen, Warren R

• ISBN13: 9781401865566
• ISBN10: 1401865569
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-06-18
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Seeing Young Children is an extensive guide to observing and recording behavior in children from birth through age eight. It begins by addressing the basic meaning of observation and why it is so important. This includes a discussion of the theoretical and practical aspects of observing and recording behavior. Detailed information on development, behavior and functioning in children in this age group enables parents and professionals to make meaningful observation, recordings, and evaluations. A large portion of the book concentrates on in-depth reviews of recording techniques and instruments, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. Finally, the last five chapters offer a wealth of observation exercises readers can immediately put to use. Specific by age group, each of these chapters contains observation objectives, instructions as to procedure, and background information on many functional areas, all aimed at collecting and using quality data to the benefi

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
PART ONE Overview	1	(92)
Introduction	3	(17)
Observation: Some Preliminary Thoughts	3	(7)
Observation and Theory	10	(3)
You and the Observation Process	13	(7)
An Introduction to Growth and Development	20	(35)
Growth and Development: Some General Considerations	21	(6)
Development: Some Basic Meanings and Concepts	27	(3)
Development: Some Theoretical Considerations	30	(6)
Developmental Theories: A General Overview	36	(7)
Explanations or Interpretation of Growth and Development: The Practical Side to Observing Behavior	43	(12)
General Guidelines for Observing Children	55	(38)
Preparation for Observing	55	(23)
Group or Individual Observation	78	(4)
Group Components	82	(3)
Some Approaches to Group Observation	85	(8)
PART TWO The Elements of Observation	93	(124)
Introduction and Preparation	94	(1)
Methods, Behavior, Plans, and Contexts	95	(9)
How to Do It: Some Preliminary Thoughts and Cautions	95	(9)
An Introduction to Observation and Recording Methods	104	(8)
Methods of Observing and Recording Behavior: Some General Characteristics	104	(8)
Narrative Descriptions	112	(7)
General Description	112	(7)
Time Sampling	119	(18)
General Description	119	(18)
Event Sampling	137	(6)
General Description	137	(6)
Diary Description	143	(6)
General Description	143	(2)
The Diary Description and the Case Study--A Brief Comparison	145	(4)
Anecdotal Records	149	(6)
General Description	149	(6)
Frequency Counts or Duration Records	155	(6)
General Description	155	(6)
Checklists and Rating Scales	161	(25)
General Description	161	(11)
Rating Scales: General Description	172	(7)
Videotaping and Audiotaping as Observation Tools?	179	(7)
Application: Recording Methods in Action	186	(6)
Interpretation of Observations, Implementation of Findings, and Ongoing Evaluation	192	(25)
Interpretation of Observations	192	(3)
Dealing with Observation and Interpretation in a Multicultural Setting	195	(12)
Implementation of Findings	207	(10)
PART THREE Observation Exercises	217	(136)
Introduction and Preparation	217	(2)
Observing the Newborn: Birth to One Month	219	(23)
Exercise 15-1: Physical Characteristics of the Newborn	219	(2)
Exercise 15-2: Infant States and Responsiveness to Stimulation	221	(3)
Exercise 15-3: Individual Differences and the Newborn	224	(3)
Exercise 15-4: Motor Responses of the Newborn	227	(3)
Exercise 15-5: Perceptual Responses of the Newborn	230	(3)
Exercise 15-6: Emotional Functioning of the Newborn	233	(9)
Observing the Infant: One to 24 Months	242	(54)
Introduction	242	(9)
Exercise 16-1: Physical Characteristics and Motor Abilities of the Infant/Toddler (One to 24 Months)	251	(12)
Exercise 16-2: Social Behavior of The Infant (One to 24 Months)	263	(8)
Exercise 16-3: Cognitive and Language Behavior of the Infant (One to 24 Months)	271	(9)
Exercise 16-4: Emotional Development and Behavior in the Infant (Two to 18 Months)	280	(16)
The Young Child: Ages Two through Five	296	(57)
Introduction	296	(1)
Exercise 17-1: The Preschool Child in the Physical Environment	297	(2)
Exercise 17-2: Physical Growth and Motor Functioning	299	(9)
Exercise 17-3: Cognitive and Intellectual Development and Behavior	308	(6)
Exercise 17-4: Language Development	314	(1)
Piaget's and Vygotsky's Views on Children's Private Speech: A Brief Comparison and Overview	314	(7)
Exercise 17-5: Play	321	(9)
Exercise 17-6: Emotional Behavior	330	(6)
Exercise 17-7: Social Development and Peer Interactions	336	(17)
PART FOUR Middle Childhood--The School-Age Years	353	(76)
Introduction and Preparation	354	(3)
The School--Age Years: The Six--Year-Old Child	357	(42)
Physical Growth and Motor Functioning	357	(3)
Cognitive and Intellectual Development and Behavior	360	(5)
Language	365	(6)
Social and Emotional Development	371	(6)
Observation Exercise 18-1: Physical Growth and Motor Functioning	377	(1)
Observation Exercise 18-2: Cognitive and Intellectual Development and Behavior	378	(3)
Observation Exercise 18-3: Language	381	(2)
Observation Exercise 18-4: Social and Emotional Development	383	(16)
The School-Age Years: The Seven- and Eight-Year-Old Child	399	(30)
Physical Growth and Motor Development	399	(4)
Cognitive and Intellectual Development and Behavior	403	(4)
Language	407	(3)
Social and Emotional Behavior	410	(3)
Observation Exercise 19-1: Physical and Motor Skills	413	(2)
Observation Exercise 19-2: Cognitive and Intellectual Development and Behavior	415	(1)
Observation Exercise 19-3: Language	416	(1)
Observation Exercise 19-4: Social and Emotional Development and Behavior	417	(2)
Epilogue	419	(10)
Appendix 1 Developmental Checklists	429	(6)
Appendix 2 Social-Emotional Checklist	435	(2)
Appendix 3 Areas for Notice in Observing an Individual Child	437	(2)
Appendix 4 Emotional Dependency Behavior: Time Sample Procedure	439	(2)
Appendix 5 Observation Record (Social Skills)	441	(1)
Appendix 6 Observational Records	442	(2)
Appendix 7 Summary of Piaget's First Two Stages of Cognitive Development	444	(1)
Appendix 8 Havighurst's Developmental Tasks--Infancy through Middle-Childhood	445	(2)
Glossary	447	(12)
References	459	(7)
Annotated Bibliography	466	(3)
Index	469