Surveying With Construction applications (4th Ed)

by KAVANAGH B

• ISBN13: 9780130271433
• ISBN10: 0130271438
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-05-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL

Summary

For undergraduate Engineering and Engineering Technology courses in Civil, Building, Surveying, Construction, and Natural Resources programs.This streamlined, fully updated Fourth Edition maintains the same accessible, applications-driven approach as its predecessors beginning with a firm foundation in the principles of surveying, then supporting this foundation with real-world construction applications. While Kavanagh does reflect the latest developments in techniques and instrumentation, coverage also includes in-depth discussions of more traditional topics.

Table of Contents

PART I SURVEYING PRINCIPLES	1	(340)
Surveying Fundamentals	2	(18)
Surveying Defined	2	(1)
Surveying: General	3	(1)
Control Surveys	4	(1)
Preliminary Surveys	4	(1)
Construction Surveys	5	(1)
Distance Measurement	5	(2)
Angle Measurement	7	(1)
Units of Measurement	7	(1)
Stationing	8	(1)
Types of Construction Projects	9	(2)
Errors---Random and Systematic	11	(1)
Accuracy and Precision	12	(1)
Mistakes	12	(1)
Field Notes	13	(1)
Evolution of Surveying	14	(6)
Taping	20	(30)
Methods of Linear Measurement	20	(1)
Gunter's Chain	21	(1)
Tapes	22	(1)
Steel Tapes	22	(4)
Taping Accessories and Their Use	26	(3)
Taping Techniques	29	(4)
Standard Conditions for the Use of Steel Tapes	33	(1)
Systematic Taping Errors and Corrections	34	(8)
Random Taping Errors	42	(1)
Techniques for ``Ordinary'' Taping Precision	43	(1)
Mistakes in Taping	44	(1)
Field Notes for Taping	45	(5)
Problems	47	(3)
Leveling	50	(43)
Definitions	50	(1)
Theory of Differential Leveling	50	(1)
Curvature and Refraction	51	(3)
Types of Levels---Dumpy, Tilting, Automatic, and Digital	54	(9)
Leveling Rods	63	(2)
Definitions for Leveling	65	(1)
Techniques of Leveling	66	(3)
Benchmark Leveling (Vertical Control Surveys)	69	(2)
Profile and Cross-Sectional Leveling	71	(5)
Reciprocal Leveling	76	(2)
Peg Test	78	(2)
Three-Wire Leveling	80	(1)
Trigonometric Leveling	81	(2)
Suggestions for Rod Work	83	(1)
Suggestions for Instrument Work	83	(1)
Mistakes in Leveling	84	(9)
Problems	85	(8)
Transits and Theodolites	93	(37)
Introduction	93	(1)
Vertical Angles	94	(3)
Horizontal Angles	97	(1)
Electronic Theodolites	98	(3)
Repeating Optical Theodolites	101	(3)
Direction Optical Theodolites	104	(2)
Theodolite Setup	106	(2)
Vernier Transits	108	(8)
Laying Off Angles	116	(2)
Prolonging a Straight Line (Double Centering)	118	(1)
Interlining (Balancing In)	118	(1)
Intersection of Two Straight Lines	119	(1)
Prolonging a Survey Line by Triangulation Techniques	120	(1)
Prolonging a Survey Line Past an Obstacle	121	(2)
Instrument Adjustments	123	(7)
Electronic Surveying Measurement	130	(59)
General	130	(2)
Principles of Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM)	132	(3)
EDMI Characteristics	135	(1)
Prisms	135	(2)
EDMI Accuracies	137	(1)
EDMI Operation	137	(4)
Geometry of Electronic Distance Measurements	141	(3)
EDMI Without Reflecting Prisms	144	(2)
Total Stations	146	(12)
Field Procedures for Total Stations in Topographic Surveys	158	(10)
Construction Layout Using Total Stations	168	(5)
Motorized Total Stations	173	(4)
Overview of Computerized Surveying Data Systems	177	(7)
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)	184	(1)
The New Information Utility	184	(5)
Problems	188	(1)
Traverse Surveys	189	(34)
General	189	(2)
Balancing Field Angles	191	(2)
Meridians	193	(1)
Bearings	193	(3)
Azimuths	196	(6)
Latitudes and Departures	202	(5)
Traverse Percision and Accuracy	207	(2)
Compass Rule Adjustment	209	(2)
Effects of Traverse Adjustments on Measured Angles and Distances	211	(1)
Omitted Measurement Computations	212	(1)
Rectangular Coordinates of Traverse Stations	213	(4)
Area of a Closed Traverse by the Coordinate Method	217	(6)
Problems	219	(4)
Topgraphic Surveying and Drawing Using Traditional (Preelectronics) Techniques	223	(41)
General	223	(1)
Precision Required for Topographic Surveys	224	(1)
Tie-Ins at Right Angles to Baselines	225	(1)
Cross Sections and Profiles	226	(3)
Stadia Principles	229	(2)
Inclined Stadia Measurements	231	(7)
Examples of Stadia Measurement Computations	238	(4)
Stadia Field Practice	242	(2)
Self-Reducing Stadia Theodolite	244	(1)
Summary of Stadia Field Procedure	245	(1)
Survey Drafting	245	(4)
Contours	249	(15)
Problems	256	(8)
Construction Control Surveys	264	(37)
General	264	(7)
Positional Accuracies (ISO 4463)	271	(4)
Specifications for Short Lines	275	(3)
Coordinate Grid Systems	278	(1)
Universal Transverse Mercator Grid System	278	(2)
State Plane Coordinate Grid Systems	280	(6)
Utilization of Grid Coordinates	286	(9)
Project Control	295	(3)
Level Loop Adjustments	298	(3)
Problems	299	(2)
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)	301	(40)
Background	301	(2)
Global Positioning	303	(1)
Receivers	304	(4)
Satellites	308	(2)
Satellite Signals	310	(1)
Positionl Measurements	311	(7)
Errors	318	(1)
Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS)	319	(1)
Canadian Active Control System	320	(1)
Survey Planning	320	(6)
GPS Field Procedures	326	(4)
GPS Applications	330	(3)
Vertical Positioning	333	(4)
Conclusion	337	(4)
Recommended Readings	339	(2)
PART II CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS	341	(206)
Grade	342	(1)
Machine Guidence and Control	342	(3)
Highway Curves	345	(63)
Route Surveys	345	(1)
Circular Curves: General	345	(1)
Circular Curve Geometry	346	(7)
Circular Curve Deflections	353	(1)
Chorde Calculations	354	(1)
Metric Considerations	355	(1)
Field Procedure	356	(1)
Moving Up on the Curve	357	(1)
Offset Curves	358	(7)
Compound Circular Curves	365	(2)
Reverse Curves	367	(1)
Vertical Curves: General	368	(2)
Geometric Properties of the Parabola	370	(1)
Computation of the High or Low Point on a Vertical Curve	370	(2)
Procedure for Computing a Vertical Curve	372	(3)
Design Considerations	375	(2)
Spiral Curves: General	377	(1)
Spiral Curve Computations	378	(8)
Spiral Layout Procedure Summary	386	(7)
Approximate Solution for Spiral Problems	393	(2)
Superelevation: General	395	(1)
Superelevation Design	395	(13)
Problems	405	(3)
Highway Construction Surveys	408	(22)
Preliminary (Preengineering) Surveys	408	(4)
Highway Design	412	(6)
Highway Construction Layout	418	(1)
Clearing, Grubbing, and Stripping Topsoil	418	(1)
Placement of Slope Stakes	419	(4)
Layout for Line and Grade	423	(3)
Grade Transfer	426	(3)
Ditch Construction	429	(1)
Municipal Street Construction Surveys	430	(25)
General	430	(1)
Classification of Roads and Streets	431	(1)
Road Allowances	431	(1)
Road Cross Sections	431	(1)
Plan and Profile	432	(3)
Establishing Centerline (cL)	435	(1)
Establishing Offset Lines and Construction Control	436	(3)
Construction Grades for a Curbed Street	439	(5)
Street Intersections	444	(3)
Sidewalk Construction	447	(1)
Site Grading	447	(8)
Problems	450	(5)
Pipeline and Tunnel Construction Surveys	455	(27)
Pipeline Construction	455	(2)
Sewer Construction	457	(2)
Layout for Line and Grade	459	(8)
Catch-Basin Construction Layout	467	(1)
Tunnel Construction	468	(14)
Problems	478	(4)
Culvert and Bridge Construction Surveys	482	(18)
Culvert Construction	482	(1)
Culvert Reconstruction	482	(3)
Bridge Construction: General	485	(4)
Contract Drawings	489	(3)
Layout Computations	492	(1)
Offset Distance Computations	492	(3)
Dimension Verification	495	(3)
Vertical Control	498	(1)
Cross Sections for Footing Excavations	499	(1)
Building Construction Surveys	500	(19)
Building Construction: General	500	(1)
Single-Story Construction	500	(12)
Multistory Construction	512	(7)
Quantity and Final Surveys	519	(28)
Construction Quantity Measurements: General	519	(4)
Area Computations	523	(4)
Area by Graphical Analysis	527	(6)
Construction Volumes	533	(2)
Cross Sections, End Areas, and Volumes	535	(5)
Prismoidal Formula	540	(1)
Volume Computations by Geometric Formulas	541	(1)
Final (As-Built) Surveys	541	(6)
Problems	544	(3)
Appendix A: Trigonometry and Coordinate Geometry Review	547	(14)
A-1 Trigonometric Definitions and Identities	547	(4)
A-2 Coordinate Geometry	551	(10)
Appendix B: Surveying and Mapping Internet Web Sites	561	(2)
Appendix C: Glossary	563	(8)
Appendix D: Typical Field Projects	571	(19)
Appendix E: Answers to Selected Problems	590	(2)
Appendix F: Examples of Emerging Technology	592	(1)
Index	593