Systems Architecture, 3rd Edition

by Burd

• ISBN13: 9780619034184
• ISBN10: 0619034181
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-04-30
• Publisher: Course Technology

Summary

Systems Architecture, Fifth Edition is the most comprehensive introduction to information systems hardware and software in business. This new edition remains an indispensable tool for IS students. Each chapter has been thoroughly updated to reflect the changing nature of new technologies, and all of the end-of-chapter material has been enhanced and expanded.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Computer Technology: Your Need to Know	1	(20)
Technology and Knowledge	2	(1)
Acquiring and Configuring Technological Devices	2	(1)
Information System Development	3	(4)
Systems Survey	4	(1)
Systems Analysis	5	(1)
Systems Design	5	(1)
Systems Implementation	6	(1)
Systems Evaluation and Maintenance	7	(1)
Management of Computer Resources	7	(1)
Roles and Job Titles	8	(4)
Application Development Personnel	9	(1)
Systems Software Personnel	10	(1)
Hardware Personnel	10	(1)
Systems Management Personnel	10	(2)
Computer Technology Information Sources	12	(6)
Periodical Literature	13	(1)
Technology-Oriented Web Sites	14	(2)
Vendor and Manufacturer Web Sites	16	(1)
Professional Societies	17	(1)
Summary	18	(3)
KeyTerms	19	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	19	(1)
Review Questions	20	(1)
Research Problems	20	(1)
Introduction to Systems Architecture	21	(40)
Automated Computation	22	(4)
Mechanical Implementation	22	(2)
Electrical Implementation	24	(1)
Optical Implementation	24	(1)
Technology Focus: Quantum Computing	25	(1)
Computer Capabilities	26	(5)
Processor	27	(3)
Storage Capacity	30	(1)
Input/Output Capability	30	(1)
Computer Hardware	31	(5)
Central Processing Unit	33	(1)
System Bus	34	(1)
Primary Storage	34	(1)
Secondary Storage	35	(1)
Input/Output Devices	35	(1)
Computer System Classes	36	(8)
Business Focus: Bigger Isn't Always Better	38	(3)
Technology Focus: IBM POWER-Based Computer Systems	41	(1)
Business Focus: Do We Need a Mainframe?	42	(2)
The Role of Software	44	(5)
Software Types	44	(2)
System Software Layers	46	(1)
Operating Systems	47	(1)
Application Development Software	48	(1)
Economics of System and Application Development Software	49	(4)
Technology Focus: Intel CPUs and Microsoft Operating Systems	51	(2)
Computer Networks	53	(3)
External Resources	54	(1)
Network Software	55	(1)
Network Communication and the Physical Network	55	(1)
Summary	56	(5)
Key Terms	58	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	58	(1)
Review Questions	59	(1)
Research Problems	60	(1)
Data Representation	61	(48)
Data Representation and Processing	62	(1)
Automated Data Processing	62	(2)
Binary Data Representation	64	(6)
Hexadecimal Notation	69	(1)
Octal Notation	70	(1)
Goals of Computer Data Representation	70	(3)
Compactness	71	(1)
Accuracy	71	(1)
Ease of Manipulation	72	(1)
Standardization	72	(1)
CPU Data Types	73	(18)
Integers	73	(3)
Real Numbers	76	(5)
Character Data	81	(6)
Unicode	87	(1)
Boolean Data	88	(1)
Memory Addresses	89	(1)
Technology Focus: Intel Memory Address Formats	90	(1)
Data Structures	91	(10)
Pointers and Addresses	93	(1)
Arrays and Lists	93	(5)
Records and Files	98	(1)
Classes and Objects	99	(2)
Summary	101	(8)
Key Terms	103	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	103	(2)
Review Questions	105	(1)
Problems and Exercises	106	(1)
Research Problems	106	(3)
Processor Technology and Architecture	109	(46)
CPU Operation	110	(3)
Instructions and Instruction Sets	113	(11)
Data Movement	114	(1)
Data Transformations	115	(4)
Sequence Control	119	(1)
Complex Processing Operations	120	(1)
A Short Programming Example	121	(2)
Instruction Set Extensions	123	(1)
Instruction Format	124	(5)
Instruction Length	126	(1)
Reduced Instruction Set Computing	127	(2)
Clock Rate	129	(3)
Business Focus: RISC or CISC for the Desktop?	131	(1)
CPU Registers	132	(2)
General-Purpose Registers	132	(1)
Special-Purpose Registers	133	(1)
Word Size	134	(4)
Technology Focus: Intel Pentium Processor Family	136	(2)
The Physical CPU	138	(9)
Switches and Gates	138	(2)
Electrical Properties	140	(2)
Processor Fabrication	142	(3)
Current Technology Capabilities and Limitations	145	(2)
Future Trends	147	(2)
Optical Processing	148	(1)
Electro-Optical Processing	148	(1)
Quantum Processing	148	(1)
Summary	149	(6)
Key Terms	151	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	151	(2)
Review Questions	153	(1)
Problems and Exercises	153	(1)
Research Problems	154	(1)
Data Storage Technology	155	(46)
Storage Device Characteristics	156	(7)
Speed	157	(2)
Volatility	159	(1)
Access Method	160	(1)
Portability	161	(1)
Cost and Capacity	161	(1)
Memory-Storage Hierarchy	162	(1)
Primary Storage Devices	163	(5)
Storing Electrical Signals	163	(1)
Random Access Memory	164	(3)
Read-Only Memory	167	(1)
Memory Packaging	167	(1)
CPU Memory Access	168	(4)
Physical Memory Organization	168	(1)
Memory Allocation and Addressing	169	(3)
Magnetic Storage	172	(15)
Magnetic Decay and Leakage	174	(1)
Storage Density	175	(1)
Media Integrity	176	(1)
Magnetic Tape	176	(3)
Technology Focus: Magnetic Tape Formats and Standards	179	(1)
Magnetic Disk	180	(5)
Technology Focus: Whither the Floppy Disk?	185	(2)
Optical Mass Storage Devices	187	(7)
CD-ROM	189	(1)
WORM and CD-R	190	(1)
Magneto-Optical	190	(1)
Phase-Change Optical Discs	191	(1)
DVD-ROM	192	(1)
Business Focus: A Modern SneakerNet?	193	(1)
Summary	194	(7)
Key Terms	195	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	196	(2)
Review Questions	198	(1)
Problems and Exercises	199	(1)
Research Problems	199	(2)
System Integration and Performance	201	(38)
System Bus	202	(4)
Bus Clock and Data Transfer Rate	203	(1)
Bus Protocol	204	(2)
Logical and Physical Access	206	(2)
Device Controllers	208	(5)
Mainframe Channels	209	(1)
Technology Focus: SCSI	210	(3)
Interrupts	213	(4)
Interrupt Handlers	214	(1)
Multiple Interrupts	214	(1)
Stack Processing	215	(1)
Performance Effects	216	(1)
Buffers and Caches	217	(10)
Buffers	218	(2)
Diminishing Returns	220	(1)
Cache	221	(4)
Technology Focus: Itanium Memory Cache	225	(2)
Compression	227	(3)
Technology Focus: MPEG and MP3	229	(1)
Summary	230	(9)
Key Terms	232	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	232	(2)
Review Questions	234	(1)
Problems and Exercises	235	(2)
Research Problems	237	(2)
Input/Output Technology	239	(36)
Manual Input Devices	240	(3)
Keyboard Input	241	(1)
Pointing Devices	241	(2)
Basic Concepts of Print and Display	243	(9)
Matrix-Oriented Image Composition	243	(4)
Image Storage Requirements	247	(1)
Image Description Languages	248	(1)
Technology Focus: PostScript	249	(3)
Video Display	252	(3)
Character-Oriented Video Display Terminals	252	(1)
Graphic Video Display Devices	253	(2)
Printers and Plotters	255	(4)
Dot Matrix Printers	256	(1)
Ink-Jet Printers	257	(1)
Laser Printers	258	(1)
Plotters	259	(1)
Optical Input Devices	259	(3)
Mark Sensors and Bar Code Scanners	260	(2)
Audio I/O Devices	262	(6)
Speech Recognition	263	(2)
Speech Generation	265	(1)
General-Purpose Audio Hardware	266	(2)
Summary	268	(7)
Key Terms	270	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	271	(1)
Review Questions	272	(1)
Research Problems	273	(2)
Data and Network Communication Technology	275	(50)
Communication Protocols	277	(1)
Encoding and Transmitting Bits	278	(10)
Carrier Waves	278	(3)
Modulation Methods	281	(3)
Analog Signals	284	(1)
Digital Signals	284	(2)
Signal Capacity and Errors	286	(2)
Transmission Media	288	(10)
Speed and Capacity	290	(1)
Frequency and Bandwidth	290	(3)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio	293	(2)
Electrical and Optical Cabling	295	(2)
Wireless Data Transmission	297	(1)
Channel Organization	298	(9)
Simplex, Half Duplex, and Full Duplex	298	(3)
Parallel and Serial Transmission	301	(1)
Channel Sharing	302	(4)
Technology Focus: Asynchronous Transfer Mode	306	(1)
Clock Synchronization	307	(3)
Error Detection and Correction	310	(7)
Parity Checking	312	(1)
Block Checking	312	(1)
Cyclic Redundancy Checking	313	(1)
Technology Focus: 802.11 Wireless Network Standards	313	(2)
Business Focus: Upgrading Network Capacity (Part I)	315	(2)
Summary	317	(8)
Key Terms	319	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	319	(3)
Review Questions	322	(1)
Problems and Exercises	323	(1)
Research Problems	323	(2)
Computer Networks	325	(34)
Network Topology	326	(7)
Addressing and Routing	333	(3)
Local Area Network Routing	333	(2)
Wide Area Network Routing	335	(1)
Media Access Control	336	(2)
Network Hardware	338	(6)
Network Interface Units	339	(1)
Hubs	339	(1)
Bridges	340	(1)
Routers	341	(1)
Switches	341	(1)
Technology Focus: Home Networks	342	(2)
OSI Network Layers	344	(3)
Application Layer	344	(1)
Presentation Layer	345	(1)
Session Layer	345	(1)
Transport Layer	346	(1)
Network Layer	346	(1)
Data Link Layer	346	(1)
Physical Layer	347	(1)
TCP/IP	347	(2)
Network Standards	349	(4)
Technology Focus: Ethernet	351	(1)
Business Focus: Upgrading Network Capacity (Part II)	352	(1)
Summary	353	(6)
Key Terms	354	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	355	(1)
Review Questions	356	(1)
Research Problems	357	(2)
Application Development	359	(44)
The Application Development Process	360	(6)
Systems Development Life Cycle	362	(1)
Methodologies and Models	363	(2)
Tools	365	(1)
Programming Languages	366	(9)
First Generation Languages	367	(1)
Second Generation Languages	367	(1)
Third Generation Languages	368	(1)
Fourth Generation Languages	369	(2)
Fifth Generation Languages	371	(2)
Object-Oriented Programming Languages	373	(1)
Programming Language Standards	374	(1)
Compilation	375	(7)
Data Declarations	376	(1)
Data Operations	377	(1)
Control Structures	378	(2)
Function Calls	380	(2)
Link Editing	382	(5)
Dynamic and Static Linking	385	(2)
Interpreters	387	(3)
Technology Focus: Java	388	(2)
Symbolic Debugging	390	(2)
Integrated Application Development Tools	392	(6)
Programmer's Workbenches	392	(2)
Technology Focus: Microsoft Developer Studio	394	(1)
CASE Tools	395	(1)
Business Focus: Building the Next Generation of Application Software	396	(2)
Summary	398	(5)
Key Terms	399	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	399	(1)
Review Questions	400	(1)
Problems and Exercises	401	(1)
Research Problems	402	(1)
Operating Systems	403	(48)
Operating System Overview	404	(5)
Operating System Management Functions	405	(1)
Operating System Layers	406	(3)
Resource Allocation	409	(4)
Single Process Resource Allocation	409	(1)
Multiple Process Resource Allocation	410	(1)
Resource Allocation Goals	410	(1)
Resource Allocation Processes	411	(1)
Real and Virtual Resources	412	(1)
Process Management	413	(2)
Process Control Data Structures	413	(1)
Threads	414	(1)
CPU Allocation	415	(13)
Thread States	416	(1)
Interrupt Processing	417	(2)
Scheduling	419	(5)
Technology Focus: Windows 2000 Scheduling	424	(2)
Business Focus: Which Windows for the Business Desktop?	426	(2)
Memory Allocation	428	(13)
Single-Tasking Memory Allocation	428	(1)
Multitasking Memory Allocation	429	(3)
Memory Fragmentation	432	(1)
Noncontiguous Memory Allocation	433	(1)
Virtual Memory Management	434	(2)
Memory Protection	436	(1)
Memory Management Hardware	437	(1)
Technology Focus: Intel Pentium Memory Management	437	(4)
Interprocess Communication	441	(4)
Interprocess Signals	441	(2)
Interprocess Data Communication	443	(2)
Summary	445	(6)
Key Terms	446	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	447	(1)
Review Questions	448	(1)
Research Problems	449	(2)
File Management Systems	451	(38)
File Management Systems	452	(6)
Logical and Physical Storage Views	454	(2)
File Content and Type	456	(2)
Directory Content and Structure	458	(4)
Hierarchical Directory Structure	460	(1)
Graph Directory Structure	461	(1)
Storage Allocation	462	(7)
Allocation Units	462	(1)
Storage Allocation Tables	463	(2)
Blocking and Buffering	465	(3)
An Example	468	(1)
File Manipulation	469	(2)
File Open and Close Operations	469	(1)
Delete and Undelete Operations	470	(1)
Access Controls	471	(3)
Technology Focus: Windows NTFS	472	(2)
File Migration, Backup, and Recovery	474	(9)
File Migration	475	(1)
File Backup	476	(2)
Transaction Logging	478	(1)
File Recovery	478	(1)
Fault Tolerance	479	(1)
Mirroring	480	(1)
Technology Focus: RAID	480	(3)
Summary	483	(6)
Key Terms	484	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	485	(1)
Review Questions	486	(1)
Problems and Exercises	486	(1)
Research Problems	486	(3)
Internet and Distributed Application Services	489	(38)
Distributed Computing	490	(3)
Client-Server Architecture	491	(1)
N-Layer Client-Server Architecture	491	(2)
Network Resource Access	493	(5)
Protocol Stacks	493	(2)
Accessing Remote Resources	495	(3)
Interprocess Communication	498	(5)
Sockets	499	(1)
Named Pipes	500	(1)
Remote Procedure Calls	501	(1)
Technology Focus: Distributed Computing Environment	502	(1)
The Internet	503	(7)
Standard Web Protocols and Services	504	(4)
The Internet as an Application Platform	508	(2)
Components and Distributed Objects	510	(5)
Component-Based Software	511	(1)
Components and Objects	512	(1)
Connection Standards and Infrastructure	512	(2)
CORBA	514	(1)
COM+	515	(1)
Directory Services	515	(6)
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)	516	(2)
Technology Focus: Microsoft Active Directory	518	(3)
Summary	521	(6)
Key Terms	522	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	523	(1)
Review Questions	524	(1)
Research Problems	525	(2)
System Administration	527	(38)
System Administration	528	(5)
Strategic Planning	529	(1)
Hardware and Software as Infrastructure	530	(1)
Standards	531	(1)
Competitive Advantage	531	(1)
Business Focus: A Standard Hardware Platform?	532	(1)
The Acquisition Process	533	(4)
Determining and Stating Requirements	534	(1)
Request for Proposals	535	(1)
Evaluating Proposals	536	(1)
Determining Requirements and Evaluating Performance	537	(13)
Modeling Concepts	539	(1)
Computer System Models	540	(1)
Application Demand Models	541	(1)
Resource Availability Models	542	(1)
Model Manipulation and Analysis	543	(4)
Measuring Resource Demand and Utilization	547	(1)
Technology Focus: Windows 2000 Performance Monitoring	548	(2)
Security	550	(4)
Access Controls	551	(1)
Password Controls and Security	552	(2)
Physical Environment	554	(5)
Electrical Power	554	(2)
Heat Dissipation	556	(1)
Moisture	557	(1)
Cable Routing	557	(1)
Fire Protection	558	(1)
Disaster Planning and Recovery	559	(1)
Summary	559	(6)
Key Terms	561	(1)
Vocabulary Exercises	562	(1)
Review Questions	563	(1)
Research Problems	564	(1)
Appendix: Measurement Units	565	(3)
Time Units	566	(1)
Capacity Units	566	(1)
Data Transfer Rates	567	(1)
Glossary	568	(27)
Index	595