Theories of Development : Concepts and Applications

by Crain, William

• ISBN13: 9780139554025
• ISBN10: 0139554025
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

For courses in Theories of Development at the undergraduate or graduate level. As a supplement to Child/Life Span/Adolescent Development courses or for any course where instructors need additional coverage of developmental theories. The result of extensive scholarship and consultation with leading scholars, written in an engaging narrative for undergraduates and graduates alike, this text introduces students to twenty-four different theorists and compares and contrasts their theories on how we develop as individuals. Emphasizing the theories that follow and build upon the developmental tradition established by Rousseau, this text also covers theories in the environmental/learning tradition.

Author Biography

William Crain is professor of psychology at the City College of New York.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction	xi
Early Theories: Preformationism, Locke, and Rousseau	1	(19)
Preformationism	1	(3)
Locke's Environmentalism	4	(7)
Rousseau's Romantic Naturalism	11	(9)
Gesell's Maturational Theory	20	(13)
Biographical Introduction	20	(1)
Principles of Development	21	(6)
Philosophy of Child-Rearing	27	(3)
Evaluation	30	(3)
Ethological Theories: Darwin, Lorenz and Tinbergen, and Bowlby and Ainsworth	33	(31)
Darwin and the Theory of Evolution	33	(3)
Modern Ethology: Lorenz and Tinbergen	36	(8)
Bowlby and Ainsworth on Human Attachment	44	(20)
Montessori's Educational Philosophy	64	(22)
Biographical Introduction	64	(2)
Theory of Development	66	(3)
Early Education in the Home	69	(2)
The Montessori School	71	(11)
Evaluation	82	(4)
Werner's Organismic and Comparative Theory	86	(24)
Biographical Introduction	86	(2)
Werner's View of Development	88	(6)
Some Comparative Studies	94	(5)
Symbol Formation: An Organismic View	99	(2)
Theoretical Issues	101	(4)
Practical Applications	105	(2)
Evaluation	107	(3)
Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental Theory	110	(37)
Biographical Introduction	110	(2)
Overview of the Theory	112	(2)
Period I. Sensori-Motor Intelligence (Birth to 2 Years)	114	(5)
Periods II and III. Preoperational Thought (2 to 7) and Concrete Operations (7 to 11)	119	(11)
Period IV. Formal Operations (11 to Adulthood)	130	(2)
Theoretical Issues	132	(3)
Implications for Education	135	(4)
Evaluation	139	(8)
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development	147	(23)
Biographical Introduction	147	(1)
Piaget's Stages of Moral Judgment	148	(1)
Kohlberg's Method	149	(1)
Kohlberg's Six Stages	150	(5)
Theoretical Issues	155	(8)
Gilligan on the Feminine Voice	163	(2)
Implications for Education	165	(3)
Evaluation	168	(2)
Learning Theory: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner	170	(23)
Pavlov and Classical Conditioning	170	(3)
Watson	173	(4)
Skinner and Operant Conditioning	177	(16)
Bandura's Social Learning Theory	193	(20)
Biographical Introduction	193	(1)
Basic Concepts	194	(3)
Socialization Studies	197	(5)
Self-Efficacy	202	(2)
Abstract Modeling and Piaget's Stages	204	(4)
Practical Implications	208	(2)
Evaluation	210	(3)
Vygotsky's Social-Historical Theory of Cognitive Development	213	(31)
Biographical Introduction	213	(2)
Marx's Views on Human Nature	215	(2)
Vygotsky's Theory of Psychological Tools	217	(4)
Memory Aids	221	(1)
Speech	222	(9)
Schooling	231	(6)
Practical Applications	237	(2)
Evaluation	239	(5)
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory	244	(27)
Biographical Introduction	244	(3)
The Stages of Psychosexual Development	247	(13)
The Agencies of the Mind	260	(6)
Practical Implications	266	(1)
Evaluation	267	(4)
Erikson and the Eight Stages of Life	271	(26)
Biographical Introduction	271	(2)
Erikson's Stage Theory	273	(14)
Theoretical Issues	287	(5)
Practical Implications	292	(2)
Evaluation	294	(3)
Mahler's Separation/Individuation Theory	297	(14)
Biographical Introduction	297	(1)
Overview of Concepts and Methods	298	(2)
Phases of Normal Development	300	(6)
Practical Applications	306	(2)
Evaluation	308	(3)
A Case Study in Psychoanalytic Treatment: Bettelheim on Autism	311	(9)
Biographical Introduction	311	(1)
The Autistic Syndrome	312	(1)
Therapy	313	(5)
Evaluation	318	(2)
Schachtel on Childhood Experiences	320	(7)
Biographical Introduction	320	(1)
Basic Concepts	321	(3)
Implications for Education	324	(1)
Evaluation	325	(2)
Jung's Theory of Adulthood	327	(13)
Biographical Introduction	327	(3)
Personality Structure	330	(3)
Theory of Development	333	(4)
Practical Implications	337	(1)
Evaluation	338	(2)
Chomsky's Theory of Language Development	340	(21)
Biographical Introduction	340	(1)
Basic Concepts	341	(6)
Notes on the Growth of Grammar	347	(4)
Chomsky and Learning Theory	351	(5)
Chomsky and Piaget	356	(2)
Implications for Education	358	(1)
Evaluation	359	(2)
Conclusion: Humanistic Psychology and Development Theory	361	(13)
Humanistic Psychology	361	(7)
Developmentalists as Humanists	368	(6)
Epilogue: A Developmental Perspective on the Standards Movement	374	(11)
The Standards Movement	374	(3)
A Development Critique	377	(8)
References	385	(19)
Name Index	404	(5)
Subject Index	409