1989

by Sarotte, Mary Elise

• ISBN13: 9780691143064
• ISBN10: 0691143064
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-09-14
• Publisher: Princeton University Pres

Summary

There are unique periods in history when a single year witnesses the total transformation of international relations. The year 1989 was one such crucial watershed. This book uses previously unavailable sources to explore the momentous events following the fall of the Berlin Wall twenty years ago and the effects they have had on our world ever since.Based on documents, interviews, and television broadcasts from many different locations, including Moscow, Berlin, Bonn, Paris, London, and Washington, 1989 describes how Germany unified, NATO expansion began, and Russia got left on the periphery of the new Europe. Mary Sarotte explains that while it was clear past a certain point that the Soviet Bloc would crumble, there was nothing inevitable about what would follow. A wide array of political players--from leaders like Mikhail Gorbachev, Helmut Kohl, George H. W. Bush, and James Baker, to organizations like NATO and the European Community, to courageous individual dissidents--all proposed courses of action and models for the future. In front of global television cameras, a competition ensued, ultimately won by those who wanted to ensure that the "new" order looked very much like the old. Sarotte explores how the aftermath of this fateful victory, and Russian resentment of it, continue to shape world politics today.Presenting diverse perspectives from the political elite as well as ordinary citizens, 1989 is compelling reading for anyone who cares about international relations past, present, or future.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	p. ix
Preface: A Brief Note on Scholarship and Sources	p. xi
Abbreviations	p. xvi
Introduction Creating Post-Cold War Europe: 1989 and The Architecture of Order	p. 1
What Changes in Summer and Autumn 1989?	p. 11
Tiananmen Fails to Transfer	p. 16
The Americans Step Back	p. 22
The Status Quo Ceases to Convince	p. 25
East German Self-Confidence Rises	p. 28
Television Transforms Reality	p. 38
Restoring Four-Power Rights, Reviving a Confederation in 1989	p. 48
On the Night of November 9	p. 50
What Next?	p. 62
The Four (Occupying?) Powers	p. 65
Candy, Fruit, and Sex	p. 68
The Portugalov Push	p. 70
Specters Revive	p. 76
The Restoration and Revival Models Fall Apart	p. 81
Heroic Aspirations in 1990	p. 88
The Round Table	p. 92
Counterrevolution?	p. 95
The Consequences of the Brush with A stage of Terror	p. 99
Emerging Controversy over Reparations and NATO	p. 103
ôNato's Jurisdiction would Not shift one Inch Eastwardö	p. 107
Property Pluralis	p. 115
Prefab Prevails	p. 119
The security Solution: Two plus Four Equals NATO	p. 120
The Political Solution: Article 23	p. 129
The Economic solution: Monetary Union	p. 132
The Election Campaign and the ways of the ward Heeler	p. 135
The Results of March 18	p. 142
Reassuring European Neighbors	p. 145
Securing Building Permits	p. 150
The First Carrot: Money	p. 152
The Washington Summit	p. 160
The Second Carrot: NATO Reform	p. 169
Breakthrough in Russia	p. 177
Pay Any Price	p. 186
Conclusion The Legacy of 1989 and 1990	p. 195
Counterfactuals	p. 196
Consequences	p. 201
Acknowledgments	p. 215
Notes	p. 219
Bibliography	p. 287
Index	p. 309
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