3D and HD Broadband Video Networking

by Bing, Benny

• ISBN13: 9781608070510
• ISBN10: 1608070514
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-07-31
• Publisher: Artech House

Summary

Recent years have seen an exponential increase in video and multimedia traffic transported over the Internet and broadband access networks. This timely resource addresses the key challenge facing many service providers today: effective bandwidth management for supporting high-quality video delivery. Written by a recognized expert in the field, this practical book describes ways to optimize video transmission over emerging broadband networks. Moreover, the book explores new wireless access networks that can enable video connectivity both inside and outside the residential premise.

Author Biography

Benny Bing is a research faculty member with the Georgia Institute of Technology. He has published over 80 technical papers, 11 books, and holds 6 pending patents. He led a team that received the NAB Technology Innovation Award in 2010. He is the founder of a startup focused on enriching and delivering next-generation video entertainment and Services. He is an editor for IEEE Wireless Communications, an IEEE senior member, and an IEEE Communications Society Distinguished Lecturer.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Empowering High-Quality Digital Video Delivery	p. 1
Wither the Set-Top Box and Digital Video Recorder?	p. 1
The Rise of HD and 3D Video	p. 2
Video Content Distribution	p. 3
Content Quality versus Video Quality	p. 7
Multiscreen Video	p. 9
Mobile Video	p. 11
Streaming Protocols	p. 13
The User-TV Interface	p. 14
Conclusions	p. 14
References	p. 15
Exercises	p. 15
The Access and Home Networks	p. 19
Introduction	p. 19
IPTV over DSL	p. 22
Broadband Cable Networks	p. 22
DOCSIS Standard	p. 23
Switched Cable Services	p. 25
Transport and Streaming Protocols	p. 29
Real-Time Transport Protocol	p. 29
Real-Time Transport Control Protocol	p. 29
Real-Time Transport Streaming Protocol	p. 29
Real-Time Messaging Protocol	p. 30
TCP and HTTP	p. 31
TCP Operation in an Access Network	p. 32
UDP Operation in an Access Network	p. 33
Optimizing TCP Operation on the Internet	p. 33
Optimizing Transport Protocols for Video Streaming	p. 34
Link Quality Measurement	p. 34
MPEG Video Encapsulation	p. 37
IP Multicast	p. 39
Mechanisms	p. 40
Internet Group Management Protocol	p. 41
Multicast Routing Protocols	p. 41
Challenges for Multicast Access Networks	p. 42
Peer-to-Peer Multicast	p. 43
Robust Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming	p. 45
Quality of Experience versus Quality of Service	p. 46
Packet Losses versus Packet Errors	p. 46
Codec Losses	p. 46
Network Coding and Fountain Codes	p. 47
Free Video Previews and Video Pausing	p. 47
Home Entertainment Networks	p. 48
Display Technologies	p. 48
High-Speed Digital Interfaces	p. 49
Emerging Wireless Home Network Standards	p. 49
The Metro Network and Broadband Convergence	p. 50
Provider Backbone Bridges	p. 51
Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering	p. 51
Carrier-Class Ethernet OAM Tools	p. 51
Next-Generation Network Migration	p. 52
Conclusions	p. 53
References	p. 54
Selected Bibliography	p. 54
Exercises	p. 55
Video Fundamentals	p. 57
Display Resolution and Visual Quality	p. 57
Serial Digital Interface	p. 58
Video Compression	p. 58
Video Containers	p. 60
Advanced Audio Coding	p. 61
H.264 and VC-1 Standards	p. 62
H.264 Architecture	p. 63
Video Coding and Network Abstraction Layers	p. 65
VCL and NAL Packetization	p. 66
An RFC 3984 H.264 Transport Framework	p. 67
Fundamental H.264 and VC-1 Benefits	p. 69
Spatial, Temporal, and Bit Rate Scalability	p. 69
Error Resilience	p. 70
Error Concealment	p. 72
H.264 versus MPEG-2, VC-1, and VP8	p. 74
Entropy Coding	p. 74
Block Size	p. 75
In-Loop Deblocking	p. 75
Motion Compensation, Estimation, and Prediction	p. 76
Multiple Reference Frames	p. 78
Multiview Coding	p. 79
Efficient Video Network Transport	p. 79
Dealing with Packet Corruption	p. 80
Selective Information Dropping	p. 80
Impact on Perceived Video Quality	p. 82
H.264 Encoding Parameters	p. 83
Quantization	p. 84
Video Delivery Platforms	p. 86
Online versus PayTV Viewing	p. 87
Video Quality Assessment	p. 87
Subjective versus Objective Metrics	p. 88
Peak Signal to Noise Ratio	p. 89
Structural Similarity Index	p. 91
Czenakowski Distance (CZD)	p. 91
Observable versus Perceptual Visual Artifacts	p. 92
CBR versus VBR Encoding	p. 93
Scalable Video Coding	p. 97
Conclusions	p. 98
References	p. 98
Exercises	p. 99
The H.264 Standard	p. 105
Profiles and Levels	p. 105
CABAC versus CAVLC	p. 109
CABAC and CAVLC under VBR Mode	p. 110
CABAC and CAVLC under CBR Mode	p. 111
Rate Distortion Optimization	p. 112
RDO under VBR	p. 113
RDO under CBR	p. 113
Flexible Macroblock Ordering	p. 115
Overheads	p. 116
FMO Operating under CBR	p. 119
Conclusions	p. 119
References	p. 120
Exercises	p. 121
Short-Term H.264 Bandwidth Prediction	p. 123
Introduction	p. 123
Statistical Characteristics of H.264 Coded Videos	p. 125
Problem Formulation	p. 127
Traffic Model for B Frame Size Prediction	p. 130
Results and Discussion	p. 132
Model Enhancements	p. 134
Results and Discussion	p. 136
Traffic Model for GOP Size Prediction	p. 137
Model Enhancement with Predicted Scene Change Defector	p. 139
SAD Method for Scene Change Detection and Adaptation	p. 141
Conclusions	p. 143
References	p. 143
Exercises	p. 144
Long-Term H.264 Bandwidth Prediction	p. 145
Introduction	p. 145
Long-Range Dependency and Hurst Parameter	p. 146
Model Formulation	p. 150
Impact of Video Quality and Video Coding Standard	p. 153
Impact of Different QP Values	p. 153
Impact of Using the Same QP Value	p. 155
Global Comparison of MPEG-2 and H.264	p. 156
Impact of Multiplexing H.264 Videos	p. 156
Conclusions	p. 157
References	p. 158
Appendix: Traffic Modeling	p. 158
Exercises	p. 160
Lossless FMO Removal for H.264 Videos	p. 163
Introduction	p. 163
FMO Removal	p. 164
Visual Quality Performance Evaluation	p. 168
Using Multiple Slices	p. 169
Overheads	p. 170
Conclusions	p. 174
References	p. 175
Error Concealment Methods for Improving Video Quality	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
Error Concealment for HD Videos	p. 178
Results	p. 180
FMO Overheads	p. 183
Error Concealment for SD Videos	p. 183
Temporal Error Concealment	p. 183
Algorithm	p. 184
Performance Evaluation	p. 185
Conclusions	p. 186
Exercises	p. 187
Video Traffic Smoothing and Multiplexing	p. 189
Introduction	p. 189
Basics of Video Smoothing	p. 190
A Video Smoothing Algorithm	p. 193
Live HD Video Streaming	p. 195
Raw Streaming	p. 197
Progressive Streaming	p. 198
Frame Smoothed Streaming	p. 198
Impact of Player's Buffer Size	p. 199
Impact of Transport Protocols	p. 200
Peak to Average Rate	p. 204
Multiplexing of Composite VBR Videos	p. 208
Conclusions	p. 214
References	p. 215
Exercises	p. 215
Intelligent Policy Resource Management	p. 219
Introduction	p. 219
Policy-Based Approach to Bandwidth Management	p. 220
Scheduling Methods	p. 221
Surplus Bandwidth	p. 221
Intelligent Resource Management (IRM)	p. 222
Performance Analysis	p. 224
OPNET Simulation Setup for a Cable Network	p. 224
Dynamic Bandwidth Limitation	p. 224
Implementation and Measured Results	p. 226
Conclusions	p. 229
References	p. 229
Appendix: Optimized MAP Throughput	p. 230
Exercises	p. 232
Supporting Compressed Video Applications over DOCSIS Cable Networks	p. 233
Introduction	p. 233
Measured Performance of a DOCSIS Cable Network	p. 234
Experimental Setup	p. 235
Measured Results	p. 235
A QoS Model for the CMTS Scheduler	p. 238
Peer-to-Peer File Sharing	p. 239
Real-Time Peer-to-Peer Streaming	p. 240
Video-Aware DOCSIS 3.0 Architecture	p. 244
Program Scheduling Challenges	p. 244
Simulation Model and Results	p. 246
Conclusions	p. 249
References	p. 249
Exercises	p. 250
Intelligent Activity Detection Techniques for Advanced Video Surveillance Systems	p. 251
Introduction	p. 251
System Overview	p. 252
Suspicious Activity Detection	p. 252
Human Fall Detection	p. 254
Experimental Results	p. 256
Suspicious Activity Detection	p. 256
Human Fall Detection	p. 258
Shadow Removal Enhancement	p. 259
Conclusions	p. 261
References	p. 261
Hand Gesture Control for Broadband-Enabled HDTVs and Multimedia PCs	p. 263
Introduction	p. 263
Related Work	p. 264
Gesture Matching Methods	p. 266
Motion Pattern Matching	p. 266
Skin Color Matching and Fourier's Descriptors	p. 268
Using H.264 Motion Vectors for Motion Tracking	p. 270
Histogram Matching for Trajectory Recognition	p. 272
Hand Tracking for Mouse Cursor Control	p. 274
Trajectory Formation Using Motion History	p. 277
Using the Global Motion Vector to Track Trajectory	p. 277
Scrolling When User is Located at Varying Distances	p. 278
Experimental Setup	p. 280
Comparison of Trajectory Tracking Methods	p. 280
Hand Reference Extraction Using a Stereo 3D Webcam	p. 281
Conclusions	p. 282
References	p. 283
Glossary	p. 285
About the Author	p. 291
Index	p. 293
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.