5 Steps to a 5 on the Advanced Placement Examinations : Biology

by ANESTIS MARK

• ISBN13: 9780071377188
• ISBN10: 0071377182
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-12-19
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill

Summary

An exciting new series of study guides that lets each student design a course of study pitched to his or her individual needs and learning style Each year, more than one million U.S. high school students take one or more advanced placement (AP) exams, and, according to official projections, that number will continue to rise in the years ahead. That is because AP exams confer important benefits on those who do well on them. High AP scores are indispensable to gaining admission to most elite colleges. They provide students with a competitive edge when competing for grants and scholarships. And they allow students to bypass required university survey courses, saving on skyrocketing tuition fees. Designed to coincide perfectly with the most current AP exams, Five Steps to a 5 on the Advanced Placement Examinations guides contain several advanced features that set them above all competitors. Each guide is structured around an ingenious Five-Step Plan. The first step is to develop a study plan, the second builds knowledge, the third and fourth hone test-taking skills and strategies, and the fifth fosters the confidence students need to ace the tests. This flexible study tool is also tailored to three types of students. For the more structured student there is a "Month-by-Month" approach that follows the school year and a "Calendar Countdown" approach that begins with the new year. For students who leave studying to the last minute "Basic Training" covers the basics in just four weeks. Other outstanding features include: Sample tests that closely simulate real exams Review material based on the contents of the most recent tests Icons highlighting important facts, vocabulary, and frequently-asked questions Boxed quotes offering advice from students who have aced the exams and from AP teachers and college professors Websites and links to valuable online test resources, along with author e-mail addresses for students with follow-up questions Authors who are either AP course instructors or exam developers

Author Biography

Grace Freedson (Syosset, NY) is president of Grace Freedson Publishing Network and a former editor in chief of Barron's Educational Series.

Mark Anestis teaches test preparation courses in AP, SAT I and SAT II, and other major standardized tests. He has taught AP level biology in Connecticut high schools.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Acknowledgments	x
PART I HOW TO USE THIS BOOK	1	(10)
The Basics	3	(1)
Organization of the Book	3	(1)
Introduction to the Five-Step Program	4	(1)
Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Biology Exam	5	(2)
Calendar for Each Plan	7	(3)
Introduction to the Graphics Used in This Book	10	(1)
PART II WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE AP BIOLOGY EXAM	11	(20)
Background of the Advanced Placement Program	13	(1)
Who Writes the AP Biology Exam	13	(1)
The AP Grades and Who Receives Them	13	(1)
Reasons for Taking the AP Biology Exam	13	(1)
Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Biology Exam	14	(3)
Tips for Taking the AP Biology Exam	17	(2)
Getting Started: The Diagnostic Exam	19	(12)
PART III COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW	31	(210)
Chemistry	33	(12)
Introduction	33	(1)
Elements, Compounds, Atoms, and Ions	33	(2)
Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Proteins	35	(4)
Enzymes	39	(1)
pH: Acids and Bases	40	(1)
Reactions	41	(1)
Review Questions	42	(1)
Answers and Explanations	43	(1)
Rapid Review	44	(1)
Cells	45	(9)
Introduction	45	(1)
Types of Cells	45	(1)
Organelles	45	(2)
Cell Membranes: Fluid Mosaic Model	47	(1)
Types of Cell Transport	48	(2)
Review Questions	50	(1)
Answers and Explanations	51	(1)
Rapid Review	52	(2)
Respiration	54	(11)
Introduction	54	(1)
Aerobic Respiration	54	(6)
Anaerobic Respiration	60	(2)
Review Questions	62	(1)
Answers and Explanations	62	(1)
Rapid Review	63	(2)
Photosynthesis	65	(12)
Introduction	65	(1)
The Players in Photosynthesis	65	(2)
Reactions of Photosynthesis	67	(5)
Types of Photosynthesis	72	(1)
Review Questions	73	(1)
Answers and Explanations	74	(1)
Rapid Review	75	(2)
Cell Division	77	(12)
Introduction	77	(1)
Cell Division in Prokaryotes	77	(1)
The Cell Cycle	77	(1)
Mitosis	78	(2)
Control of Cell Division	80	(1)
Haploid versus Diploid Organisms	80	(1)
Meiosis	81	(2)
Life Cycles	83	(1)
Sources of Cell Variation	84	(1)
Review Questions	85	(1)
Answers and Explanations	86	(1)
Rapid Review	87	(2)
Heredity	89	(18)
Introduction	89	(1)
Terms Important in Studying Heredity	89	(1)
Mendel and His Peas	90	(2)
Intermediate Inheritance	92	(1)
Other Forms of Inheritance	92	(2)
Sex Determination and Sex Linkage	94	(1)
Linkage and Gene Mapping	95	(1)
Heads or Tails?	96	(1)
Pedigrees	97	(2)
Common Disorders	99	(1)
Chromosomal Complications	99	(1)
Review Questions	100	(2)
Answers and Explanations	102	(3)
Rapid Review	105	(2)
Molecular Genetics	107	(18)
Introduction	107	(1)
DNA Structure and Function	107	(1)
RNA Structure and Function	107	(1)
Replication of DNA	108	(3)
Transcription of DNA	111	(1)
RNA Processing	112	(1)
Translation of RNA	112	(1)
Gene Expression	113	(2)
The Genetics of Viruses	115	(1)
The Genetics of Bacteria	116	(2)
Genetic Engineering	118	(2)
Review Questions	120	(1)
Answers and Explanations	121	(2)
Rapid Review	123	(2)
Evolution	125	(16)
Introduction	125	(1)
Definition of Evolution	125	(1)
Natural Selection	126	(1)
Lamarck and Darwin	127	(1)
Adaptations	128	(1)
Types of Selection	128	(2)
Evolution Patterns	130	(1)
Sources of Variation	130	(1)
Speciation	131	(1)
When Evolution Is not Occurring: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium	132	(1)
The Evidence for Evolution	133	(1)
Macroevolution	134	(1)
How Life Probably Emerged	135	(2)
Review Questions	137	(1)
Answers and Explanations	138	(1)
Rapid Review	139	(2)
Taxonomy and Classification	141	(14)
Introduction	141	(1)
Five or Six Kingdoms?	141	(1)
Kingdom Monera	142	(1)
Endosymbiotic Theory	143	(1)
Kingdom Protista	143	(2)
Kingdom Plantae	145	(3)
Kingdom Fungi	148	(1)
Kingdom Animalia	148	(3)
Review Questions	151	(1)
Answers and Explanations	152	(1)
Rapid Review	152	(3)
Plants	155	(10)
Introduction	155	(1)
Anatomy of Plants	155	(1)
Roots	156	(1)
The Shoot System	157	(1)
Plant Hormones	158	(1)
Plant Tropisms	159	(1)
Photoperiodism	159	(1)
Go with the Flow: Osmosis, Capillary Action, Cohesion-Tension Theory, and Transpiration	160	(1)
The Changing of the Guard: Regulating Stomata Activity	161	(1)
``Move over, Sugar'': Carbohydrate Transport through Phloem	161	(1)
Review Questions	161	(1)
Answers and Explanations	162	(1)
Rapid Review	163	(2)
Human Physiology	165	(21)
Introduction	165	(1)
Circulator System	165	(2)
Respiratory System	167	(1)
Digestive System	168	(1)
Control of the Internal Environment	169	(3)
Nervous System	172	(2)
Muscular System	174	(2)
Endocrine System	176	(3)
Immune System	179	(2)
Review Questions	181	(1)
Answers and Explanations	182	(1)
Rapid Review	183	(3)
Human Reproduction	186	(12)
Introduction	186	(1)
Sex Differences	186	(1)
Anatomy	186	(4)
Embryonic Development	190	(3)
The Influence of Hormones	193	(1)
Review Questions	194	(1)
Answers and Explanations	195	(1)
Rapid Review	196	(2)
Behavioral Ecology and Ethology	198	(8)
Introduction	198	(1)
Types of Animal Learning	198	(1)
Animal Movement	199	(2)
Animal Communication	201	(1)
Review Questions	202	(1)
Answers and Explanations	203	(1)
Rapid Review	203	(3)
Ecology in Further Detail	206	(16)
Introduction	206	(1)
Population Ecology and Growth	206	(3)
Life History Strategies	209	(1)
Community and Succession	210	(3)
Trophic Levels	213	(1)
Biomes	214	(2)
Biogechemical Cycles	216	(1)
Review Questions	217	(1)
Answers and Explanations	218	(2)
Rapid Review	220	(2)
Laboratory Review	222	(19)
Introduction	222	(1)
Laboratory Experiment 1: Diffusion and Osmosis	222	(2)
Laboratory Experiment 2: Enzyme Catalysis	224	(1)
Laboratory Experiment 3: Mitosis and Meiosis	225	(1)
Laboratory Experiment 4: Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis	226	(2)
Laboratory Experiment 5: Cell Repiration	228	(1)
Laboratory Experiment 6: Molecular Biology	229	(2)
Laboratory Experiment 7: Genetics of Organisms	231	(1)
Laboratory Experiment 8: Population Genetics and Evolution	232	(1)
Laboratory Experiment 9: Transpiration	233	(1)
Laboratory Experiment 10: Physiology of the Circulatory System	234	(1)
Laboratory Experiment 11: Animal Behavior	235	(1)
Laboratory Experiment 12: Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity	235	(1)
Review Questions	236	(1)
Answers and Explanations	237	(1)
Rapid Review	238	(3)
PART IV PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT	241	(60)
AP Biology Practice Exam 1	243	(30)
AP Biology Practice Exam 2	273	(28)
Appendix	301	(2)
Bibliography	303	(1)
Websites	304	(1)
Glossary	305