The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 left Americans wondering how such a breach of security could have occurred. Relatives and friends of the victims pushed for the creation of a National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States to investigate the government's preparedness for and response to the attacks and to provide recommendations for preventing future disasters. As Senior Advisor to the 9/11 Commission, Ernest R. May provides students with a firsthand account of the commission's methods and actions. His introduction, which describes the drafting process and the collaboration of the commissioners despite the bitter political divisions surrounding them, allows students to view the report as an historical document. The report itself has been carefully abridged for the classroom while preserving the essence of the complete version. A cast of characters, a glossary of political acronyms, a chronology, a selected bibliography, and questions for consideration make this edition ideal for students.

ERNEST R. MAY is Charles Warren Professor of History at Harvard University, where he has served as dean of Harvard College, associate dean of Faculty of Arts and Sciences, director of the Institute of Politics at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, chair of the history department, and director of the Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History. In 1988 he won the Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Contributing to World Order and in 2001 the American Historical Association's Distinguished Scholar Award. His most recent books include Strange Victory: Hitler's Conquest of France (2000) and The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis (1997).

Foreword	p. v
Preface	p. vii
Introduction: The Making of The 9/11 Commission Report	p. 1
The Politics of the 9/11 Era	p. 2
The Creation of the 9/11 Commission	p. 6
Battles between the Commission and the Administration	p. 10
The Public Hearings of the Commission	p. 13
The Commission Report	p. 15
Shortcomings of the Report	p. 19
What's Missing?	p. 25
Cast of Characters	p. 27
Glossary of Acronyms	p. 32
Document: The 9/11 Commission Report	p. 35
Preface	p. 35
"We Have Some Planes"	p. 37
Inside the Four Flights	p. 37
Boston: American 11 and United 175	p. 37
Washington Dulles: American 77	p. 38
Newark: United 93	p. 39
The Hijacking of American 11	p. 39
The Hijacking of United 175	p. 42
The Hijacking of American 77	p. 43
The Battle for United 93	p. 44
Improvising a Homeland Defense	p. 47
National Crisis Management	p. 48
The President and the Vice President	p. 49
United 93 and the Shootdown Order	p. 50
The Foundation of the New Terrorism	p. 52
A Declaration of War	p. 52
Bin Ladin's Appeal in the Islamic World	p. 54
Islam	p. 54
Bin Ladin's Worldview	p. 55
History and Political Context	p. 57
Social and Economic Malaise	p. 57
Bin Ladin's Historical Opportunity	p. 58
The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988-1992)	p. 58
Attacks Known and Suspected	p. 61
Al Qaeda's Renewal in Afghanistan (1996-1998)	p. 62
The Embassy Bombings	p. 64
Counterterrotism Evolves	p. 65
From the Old Terrorism to the New: The First World Trade Center Bombing	p. 65
Adaptation-and Nonadaptation-in the Law Enforcement Community	p. 67
The Justice Department and the FBI	p. 67
Legal Constraints on the FBI and "the Wall"	p. 68
Other Law Enforcement Agencies	p. 69
...and in the Intelligence Community	p. 70
The CIA	p. 71
Clandestine and Covert Action	p. 71
Analysis	p. 72
Early Counterterrorism Efforts	p. 72
...and in the State Department and the Defense Department	p. 73
The State Department	p. 73
The Department of Defense	p. 74
...and in the White House	p. 74
...and in the Congress	p. 76
Responses to al Qaeda's Initial Assaults	p. 77
Before the Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania	p. 77
Early Efforts against Bin Ladin	p. 77
The CIA Develops a Capture Plan	p. 78
Crisis: August 1998	p. 80
A Follow-on Campaign?	p. 84
Covert Action	p. 35
Searching for Fresh Options	p. 88
"Boots on the Ground?"	p. 88
The Desert Camp, February 1999	p. 90
Looking for New Partners	p. 90
Kandahar, May 1999	p. 91
Al Qaeda Aims at the American Homeland	p. 93
Terrorist Entrepreneurs	p. 93
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed [KSM]	p. 93
The "Planes Operation"	p. 95
The Plan Evolves	p. 97
The Hamburg Contingent	p. 98
Mohamed Atta	p. 98
Ramzi Binalshibh	p. 99
Marwan al Shehhi	p. 100
Ziad Jarrah	p. 101
Requirements for a Successful Attack	p. 104
From Threat to Threat	p. 104
The Millennium Crisis	p. 105
"Bodies Will Pile Up in Sacks"	p. 105
Ressam's Arrest	p. 106
Emergency Cooperation	p. 106
A Lost Trail in Southeast Asia	p. 108
Post-Crisis Reflection: Agenda for 2000	p. 109
"Afghan Eyes"	p. 109
The Attack on the USS Cole	p. 110
Considering a Response	p. 111
Change and Continuity	p. 113
Early Decisions	p. 115
Starting a Review	p. 116
The New Administration's Approach	p. 116
September 2001	p. 117
The Attack Looms	p. 118
First Arrivals in California	p. 118
The 9/11 Pilots in the United States	p. 120
The Fourth Pilot: Hani Hanjour	p. 121
Assembling the Teams	p. 122
Dissent within the al Qaeda Leadership	p. 126
Moving to Departure Positions	p. 127
"The System Was Blinking Red"	p. 128
The Summer of Threat	p. 128
Zacarias Moussaoui	p. 131
Time Runs Out	p. 134
Heroism and Horror	p. 134
Emergency Response at the Pentagon	p. 137
Wartime	p. 138
Immediate Responses at Home	p. 139
Planning for War	p. 142
"Phase Two" and the Question of Iraq	p. 145
Foresight-and Hindsight	p. 148
Imagination	p. 149
Historical Perspective	p. 149
Understanding the Danger	p. 150
Institutionalizing Imagination: The Case of Aircraft as Weapons	p. 152
Policy	p. 154
Capabilities	p. 157
Management	p. 159
Operational Management	p. 159
Institutional Management	p. 161
The Millennium Exception	p. 162
What to Do? A Global Strategy	p. 163
How to Do It? A Different Way of Organizing Government	p. 165
Related Documents	p. 167
Declarations by Usama Bin Ladin, August 23, 1996; May 10, 1997; February 23, 1998	p. 169
From The President's Daily Brief, December 4, 1998, and August 6, 2001	p. 173
The 9/11 Commission, Final Report on 9/11 Commission Recommendations, December 5, 2005	p. 177
Appendixes
A 9/11 Chronology (1978-2005)	p. 185
Questions for Consideration	p. 190
Selected Bibliography	p. 191
Index	p. 195
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.