Aberration-Free Refractive Surgery: New Frontiers in Vision

by Bille, J.F.

• ISBN13: 9783540442882
• ISBN10: 354044288X
• eBook ISBN(s): 9783642979187
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: SPRINGER
• More Book Details

Summary

This comprehensive report on sight correction through laser surgery provides the practitioner with solid background information from top industry researchers. Carefully illustrated, it details the latest techniques and clinical results in wavefront technology for laser surgery, which is now defining a new standard of practice. This second edition has been significantly expanded to include in-depth descriptions of important new advances as well as glimpses of what the future holds. The book will be indispensable to all wishing to expand their knowledge of customized refractive surgery with an understanding of the underpinning technology.

Table of Contents

The Development of Wavefront Technology and its Application to Ophthalmology	1	(24)
J.F. Bille
Abstract	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(2)
History	3	(1)
Principle of Aberration Measurement	4	(3)
Definitions of Optical Imaging Quality	7	(2)
Root Mean Square	7	(1)
Optical Aberration Index	8	(1)
Modulation Transfer Function	8	(1)
Point Spread Function	9	(1)
Application of the Performance Indices in a Normal Human Eye	9	(1)
Principle of Closed Loop Adaptive Optical Control	9	(6)
Adaptive Optics in Astronomy	10	(1)
History of Adaptive Optics at the University of Heidelberg	11	(1)
Performance of Foil Mirrors	12	(3)
Comparison of Foil Mirrors and Microchip Mirror	15	(1)
CLAO/Bille Aberrometer	15	(4)
Demonstration of CLAO/Bille Aberrometer	19	(3)
Conclusion	22	(3)
References	22	(3)
Optical Quality of the Human Eye	25	(22)
J.F. Bille
J. Buchler Costa
F. Muller
Introduction	25	(1)
The Quality of the Human Eye	25	(3)
Linear Systems	28	(4)
Optical Systems	29	(3)
Representation of Aberrations	32	(4)
Simulations	36	(11)
References	45	(2)
First Clinical Results with WaveScan™	47	(10)
A. Gleibs
First Clinical Results with WaveScan™	47	(1)
The Performance of a Wavefront Measurement and the Understanding of the WavePrint™ Maps	47	(5)
Application of the WaveScan™ in Refractive Surgery	52	(1)
Results of this Study: The Reliability of the WaveScan™ Compared to Manifest Refraction	52	(2)
Final Review	54	(3)
Wavefront Analysis: Clinical Primer	57	(32)
J.F. Doane
S. Morris
A.D. Border
L.S. EuDaly
J.A. Denning
Definition of Important Terms	57	(2)
Current Ocular Refraction Evaluation Systems	59	(3)
Phoroptor and Autorefractors	59	(1)
Corneal Topography	60	(1)
20/10 Perfect Vision Wavefront System	60	(1)
Other Wavefront Sensing Devices	60	(2)
How the VISX 20/10 Wavefront System Works	62	(2)
How to Read a Wavefront Map	64	(2)
What are the Shortcomings of Shack--Hartmann Wavefront Analysis?	66	(3)
Reproducibility and Effect of Pupil Size	69	(1)
Clinical Examples	70	(19)
Case 1. Keratoconus	70	(2)
Case 2. Status Post Radial Keratotomy	72	(1)
Case 3. Posterior Subcapsular Cataract and Anterior Cortical Cataract and Anterior Cortical Cataract	72	(2)
Case 4. Status Post Penetrating Keratoplasty for Keratoconus	74	(1)
Case 5. Unoperated ``Normal'' Eyes	75	(3)
Case 6. Irregular LASIK Ablation	78	(1)
Case 7. Status Post Hyperopic LASIK	79	(1)
Case 8. Normal Examination / No Refractive Error	80	(3)
Case 9. Status Post Myopic LASIK	83	(2)
Case 10. Normal Examination / Minimal Refractive Error	85	(2)
References	87	(2)
The VISX STAR S3™ ActiveTrak™ Eye Tracker	89	(16)
J. Shimmick
K. Yee
B. Cutrer
Introduction	89	(2)
Design Requirements	91	(11)
Measured Eye Motion is of Sufficient Amplitude to Warrant an Eye Tracker	92	(3)
The Eye Tracking System Maintains the Safety of the Procedure	95	(1)
The ActiveTrak™ System Accurately Tracks Eye Movement	96	(3)
The VISX STAR S3™ Laser System Appropriately Responds to Eye Motion	99	(1)
Ablations Made While Using the ActiveTrak™ Eye Tracker Closely Match the Theoretical Profiles	100	(2)
Conclusion	102	(3)
References	103	(2)
Method for Wavefront Driven Custom Ablations	105	(18)
J. Watson
J. Shimmick
B. Cutrer
E. Gross
J. Wong
L. Bechtel
C.F.H. Harner
Introduction	105	(1)
Variable Spot Scanning	106	(1)
Discussion of the Computation Problem	106	(1)
Algorithm Input	106	(1)
Algorithm Output	107	(1)
VSS™ for Pure Refractive Targets	107	(2)
VSS for Arbitrary Shapes	109	(2)
Wavefront Corrections	111	(3)
VISX WaveScan Wavefront Sensor	112	(2)
Creating Corrective Ablation Targets	114	(2)
PreVue™ Lenses	116	(3)
Conclusion	119	(1)
Addendum: Search Algorithms	120	(3)
General Approach	120	(1)
References	121	(2)
Wavefront Driven Custom Ablation: First Clinical Results	123	(20)
R. Volz
U. von Pape
Introduction	123	(1)
History	123	(1)
Methods	124	(10)
Wavefronts	124	(2)
Single Pass Wavefront Measurement	126	(1)
Principle of the Shack--Hartmann Sensor	126	(2)
Techniques	128	(2)
Presentation of WaveScan™ Results	130	(1)
What a Wavefront Map Can Tell Us	130	(1)
What is the RMS/OAI?	131	(2)
Treatment Tables	133	(1)
The Study	134	(3)
Scope of Study	134	(1)
Study Group	135	(1)
Subject Eligibility	136	(1)
Results	137	(3)
Uncorrected Visual Acuity	137	(1)
Best Corrected Visual Acuity	137	(1)
Refractive Error	138	(1)
Higher Order Aberrations	138	(2)
Conclusion	140	(3)
References	141	(2)
Photorefractive Keratectomy: Indications, Surgical Techniques, Complications, and Results	143	(16)
W.B. Jackson
Introduction	143	(1)
Indications for PRK	143	(1)
Preoperative Management	144	(1)
Surgical Technique	145	(1)
Preoperative Medications	145	(1)
Epithelial Removal	145	(3)
Mechanical	146	(1)
Chemical	146	(1)
LASEK	146	(1)
Laser	147	(1)
Transepithelial	147	(1)
Stromal Treatment	147	(1)
Nomogram and Laser Algorithm	148	(1)
Centration	148	(1)
Stromal Cooling	148	(1)
Postoperative Management	149	(1)
Medications	149	(1)
Epithelial Healing	149	(1)
Complications	150	(1)
Haloes and Glare	150	(1)
Loss of Visual Performance	150	(1)
Late Complications	150	(4)
Undercorrection	150	(1)
Overcorrection	151	(1)
Haze and Regression	151	(1)
Treatment of Haze and Regression	152	(1)
Decentration	153	(1)
Irrecular Astigmatism	153	(1)
Results	154	(3)
Myopic PRK	154	(1)
Hyperopic PRK	154	(3)
Summary	157	(2)
Refractive Surgical Applications of Ultrashort Pulse Lasers	159	(42)
F.H. Loesel
L. Zickler
R. Kessler
Introduction	159	(2)
Laser--Tissue Interaction	161	(1)
All-Solid-State Femtosecond Laser Technology	162	(4)
Instrumentation	166	(4)
Femtosecond Laser Application System for Clinical Use	166	(1)
Ophthalmic Femtosecond Laser Procedures	167	(3)
Experimental Results	170	(3)
Conclusion and Outlook	173	(6)
References	174	(5)
Appendices
A Refractive Society Symposium	179	(16)
A.1 Comparing WaveScan™ and Manifest Refractions	179	(3)
D.D. Koch
A.2 Patient Selection for LVC Using Wavefront Technology	182	(2)
J.F. Doane
A.3 Multi-center Wavefront Ablations	184	(2)
Te.P. O'Brien
A.4 Six-month U.S. Refractive Wavefront Ablation Results	186	(2)
C. Kraff
A.5 Preliminary Therapeutic Wavefront Ablation Results	188	(2)
R.K. Maloney
A.6 Presbyobic LASIK Techniques	190	(2)
G.E. Tamayo
A.7 Diagnostic Wavefront Compensation with Adaptive Optics	192	(3)
F.H. Loesel
B Refractive Outcomes with ``One-Step'' Wavefront Guided LASIK	195	(6)
D.D. Koch
L. Wang
B.1 Introduction	195	(1)
B.2 Patients and Methods	195	(1)
B.2.1 Patient Selection	195	(1)
B.2.2 WaveScan™ Treatment Design	195	(1)
B.2.3 WavePrint™ Treatment Methods	196	(1)
B.2.4 Main Outcome Measures	196	(1)
B.3 Results	196	(1)
B.3.1 Cohort Description	196	(1)
B.3.2 UCVA	196	(1)
B.3.3 Change in BSCVA	197	(1)
B.3.4 Predictability	197	(1)
B.3.5 Stability	197	(1)
B.3.6 Higher Order Aberration Changes	198	(1)
B.3.7 Complications and Adverse Events	198	(1)
B.4 Conclusion	199	(2)
Index	201	(4)
About the Editors	205