Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders

by Halgin, Richard; Whitbourne, Susan Krauss

• ISBN13: 9780073370699
• ISBN10: 007337069X
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-01-08
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

Presenting the Human Experience of Psychological Disorders.In Richard Halgin and Susan Krauss Whitbourne'sAbnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders, students are shown the human side of Abnormal Psychology. Through the widespread use of current and highly relevant clinical case studies, the biographies and first-person quotations in theReal Storiesfeature, and the unique case media programFaces Interactive Online, students are presented with real-life portrayals of the disorders featured in the text. The new sixth edition includes updated research coverage and increased pedagogy, designed to maximize student comprehension. The text maintains the integrative approach to treatment using the biopsychosocial model, the lifespan approach, and the succinct coverage that have been the foundations of the text's success.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 - Understanding Abnormality: A Look at History and Research Methods

CASE REPORT:Rebecca Hasbrouck

What Is Abnormal Behavior?

Defining Abnormality

Distress

Impairment

Risk to Self or Other People

Socially and Culturally Unacceptable Behavior

Challenges Involved in Characterizing Abnormal Behavior

What Causes Abnormality?

Biological Causes

Psychological Causes

REAL STORIES: Kelsey Grammer

Sociocultural Causes

Abnormality: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

Abnormal Psychology Throughout History

Prehistoric Times: Abnormal Behavior as Demonic Possession

Ancient Greece and Rome: The Emergence of the Scientific Model

The Middle Ages and Renaissance: The Re-emergence of Spiritual Explanations

Europe and the United States in the 1700s: The Reform Movement

The 1800s to the 1900s: Development of Alternative Models for Abnormal Behavior

The Late Twentieth Century: The Challenge of Providing Humane and Effective Treatment

Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology

The Scientific Method

The Experimental Method

The Correlational Method

The Survey Method

The Case Study Method

Single-Subject Design

Studies of Genetic Influence

The Human Experience of Psychological Disorders

Impact on the Individual: Stigma and Distress

Impact on the Family

Impact on the Community and Society

Reducing Stigma

Bringing It All Together: Clinical Perspectives

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 2 - Classification and Treatment Plans

CASE REPORT:Peter Dickinson

Psychological Disorder:Experiences of Client and Clinician

The Client

Definitions

Prevalence of Psychological Disorders

The Clinician

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

How the DSM Developed

Controversial Issues Pertaining to DSM

Definition of “Mental Disorder”

Assumptions of the DSM-IV-TR

Medical Model

Atheoretical Orientation

Categorical Approach

Multiaxial System

The Five Axes of the DSM-IV-TR

Axis I: Clinical Disorders

Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation

Axis III: General Medical Conditions

Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning

The Diagnostic Process

The Client’s Reported and Observable Symptoms

Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnosis

Final Diagnosis

Case Formulation

Cultural Formulation

Treatment Planning

Goals of Treatment

REAL STORIES: Patty Duke

Treatment Site

Psychiatric Hospitals

Outpatient Treatment

Halfway Houses and Day Treatment Programs

Other Treatment Sites

Modality of Treatment

Determining the Best Approach to Treatment

Treatment Implementation

The Course of Treatment

The Clinician’s Role in Treatment

The Client’s Role in Treatment

The Outcome of Treatment

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 3 - Assessment

CASE REPORT:Ben Robsham

What Is a Psychological Assessment?

Clinical Interview

Unstructured Interview

Structured and Semistructured Interviews

Mental Status Examination

Appearance and Behavior

Orientation

Content of Thought

Thinking Style and Language

Affect and Mood

Perceptual Experiences

Sense of Self

Motivation

Cognitive Functioning

Insight and Judgment

Psychological Testing

What Makes a Good Psychological Test?

Intelligence Testing

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

Wechsler Intelligence Scales

Cultural Considerations in Intelligence Testing

Personality and Diagnostic Testing

Self-Report Clinical Inventories

Projective Testing

Behavioral Assessment

Behavioral Self-Report

Behavioral Observation

Environmental Assessment

REAL STORIES: Frederick Frese

Physiological Assessment

Psychophysiological Assessment

Brain Imaging Techniques

Neuropsychological Assessment

Putting It All Together

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

CHAPTER 4 - THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

Case Report: Meera Krishnan

The Purpose of Theoretical Perspectives in Abnormal Psychology

Psychodynamic Perspective

Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory

Treatment

Evaluation of Psychodynamic Theories

Humanistic Perspective

Person-Centered Theory

Self-Actualization Theory

Treatment

Evaluation of Humanistic Theories

Sociocultural Perspective

Family Perspective

Real Stories: William Styron: Depression

Social Discrimination

Social Influences and Historical Events

Treatment

Evaluation of the Sociocultural Perspective

Behavioral and Cognitively Based Perspectives

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Social Learning and Social Cognition

Cognitively Based Theory

Treatment

Evaluation of the Behavioral and Cognitively Based Perspectives

Biological Perspective

The Nervous System and Behavior

Genetic Influences on Behavior

Treatment

Evaluation of the Biological Perspective

Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Theories and Treatment: An Integrative Approach

Return to the Case

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 5 - Anxiety Disorders

Case Report: BarbaraWilder

The Nature of Anxiety Disorders

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

Characteristics of Panic Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

Specific Phobias

Characteristics of Specific Phobias

Theories and Treatment of Specific Phobias

Social Phobia

Characteristics of Social Phobia

Real Stories: Donny Osmond: Social Phobia

Theories and Treatment of Social Phobia

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Characteristics of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Characteristics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Characteristics of Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder

Theories and Treatment

Anxiety Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

Return to the Case

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 6 - Somatoform Disorders, Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions,and Dissociative Disorders

CASE REPORT:Rose Marston

Somatoform Disorders

Conversion Disorder

Somatization Disorder and Related Conditions

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Hypochondriasis

Conditions Related to Somatoform Disorders

Theories and Treatment of Somatoform Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Characteristics of the DSM-IV-TR Category of Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Theories and Treatment of the DSM-IV-TR Category of Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Stress

Emotional Expression

Personality Style

Sociocultural Factors

Treatment

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Characteristics of Dissociative Identity Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder

REAL STORIES: Anne Heche

Dissociative Identity Disorder and the Legal System

Other Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative Fugue

Depersonalization Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, and Depersonalization Disorder

Somatoform Disorders, Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions, and Dissociative Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 7 - Sexual Disorders

CASE REPORT:Shaun Boyden

What Is Abnormal Sexual Behavior?

Paraphilias

Characteristics of Paraphilias

Pedophilia

Exhibitionism

Fetishism

Frotteurism

Sexual Masochism and Sexual Sadism

Transvestic Fetishism

Voyeurism

Theories and Treatment of Paraphilias

Gender Identity Disorders

Characteristics of Gender Identity Disorders

Theories and Treatment of Gender Identity Disorders

Sexual Dysfunctions

Characteristics of Sexual Dysfunctions

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Sexual Aversion Disorder

Female Sexual Arousal Disorder

Male Erectile Disorder

Female Orgasmic Disorder

Male Orgasmic Disorder

Premature Ejaculation

Sexual Pain Disorders

Theories and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions

Biological Perspective

Psychological Perspective

REAL STORIES: Richard Berendzen

Sexual Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 8 - Mood Disorders

CASE REPORT:Janice Butterfield

General Characteristics of Mood Disorder

s

Depressive Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder

Characteristics of a Major Depressive Episode

Types of Depression

Prevalence and Course of the Disorder

Dysthymic Disorder

Disorders Involving Alternations in Mood

Bipolar Disorder

Characteristics of a Manic Episode

REAL STORIES: Kay Redfield Jamison

Types of Bipolar Disorder

Prevalence and Course of the Disorder

Cyclothymic Disorder

Theories and Treatments of Mood Disorders

Biological Perspectives

Genetics

Biochemical Factors

Psychological Perspectives

Psychodynamic Theories

Behavioral and Cognitively Based Theories

Sociocultural and Interpersonal Perspectives

Treatment

Biological Treatment

Psychological Treatment

Sociocultural and Interpersonal Intervention

Suicide

Who Commits Suicide?

Why Do People Commit Suicide?

Biological Perspective

Psychological Perspective

Sociocultural Perspective

Assessment and Treatment of Suicidality

Mood Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 9 - Schizophrenia and Related Disorders

CASE REPORT:David Marshall

Characteristicsof Schizophrenia

Phases of Schizophrenia

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Disturbance of Thought Content: Delusions

REAL STORIES: John Forbes Nash

Disturbance in Perception: Hallucinations

Disturbance of Thinking, Language, and Communication: Disorganized Speech

Disturbed Behavior

Negative Symptoms

Social and Occupational Dysfunction

Types of Schizophrenia

Dimensions of Schizophrenia

Courses of Schizophrenia

Gender, Age, and Cultural Features

Other Psychotic Disorders

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Schizophreniform Disorder

Schizoaffective Disorder

Delusional Disorders

Shared Psychotic Disorder

Theories and Treatment ofSchizophrenia

Biological Perspectives

Brain Structure and Function

Genetic Explanations

Biological Stressors and Vulnerability

Psychological Perspective

Sociocultural Perspective

Treatment of Schizophrenia

Biological Treatments

Psychological Treatments

Sociocultural Treatments

Schizophrenia: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 10 - Personality Disorders

CASE REPORT:Harold Morrill

The Nature of Personality Disorders

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Characteristics of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Biological Perspectives

Psychological Perspectives

Sociocultural Perspectives

Treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

Characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder

Biological Perspectives

REAL STORIES: Susanna Kaysen

Psychological Perspectives

Sociocultural Perspectives

Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Dependent Personality Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Personality Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 11 - Development-Related Disorders

Case Report: Jason Newman

Introductory Issues

Mental Retardation

Characteristics of Mental Retardation

Theories and Treatment of Mental Retardation

Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Characteristics of Autistic Disorder

Theories of Autistic Disorder

Treatment of Autistic Disorder

Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Real Stories: Edward Hallowell: Attention Deficit Symptoms

Conduct Disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Theories and Treatment of ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Learning, Communication, and Motor Skills Disorders

Learning Disorders

Communication Disorders

Motor Skills Disorders

Theories and Treatment of Learning, Communication, and Motor Skills Disorders

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Characteristics of Separation Anxiety Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder

Other Disorders That Originate in Childhood

Childhood Eating Disorders

Tic Disorders

Elimination Disorders

Selective Mutism

Development-Related Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

Return to the Case

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 12 - Aging-Related and Cognitive Disorders

Case Report: IreneHeller

The Nature of Cognitive Disorders

Delirium

Amnestic Disorders

Traumatic Brain Injury

Dementia

Characteristics of Dementia

Alzheimer’s Disease (Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type)

Real Stories: John Bayley and Iris Murdoch: Caring for a Person with Alzheimer’s Disease

Dementia Caused by Other Conditions

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Theories and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cognitive Disorders:The Biopsychosocial Perspective

Return to the Case

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 13 - Substance-Related Disorders

CASE REPORT:Carl Wadsworth

The Nature of Substance Abuse and Dependence

Behaviors Associated with Substance-Related Disorders

Substance-Induced Disorders

Substance Use Disorders

Alcohol

Patterns of Use and Abuse

REAL STORIES: Ben Affleck

Effects of Alcohol Use

Immediate Effects

Long-Term Effects

Theories of Alcohol Dependence

Biological Perspective

Psychological Perspective

Sociocultural Perspective

Treatment of Alcohol Dependence

Biological Treatment

Psychological Treatment

Alcoholics Anonymous

Substances Other Than Alcohol

Stimulants

Amphetamines

Cocaine

Caffeine

Cannabis

Hallucinogens

MDMA

Heroin and Opioids

Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics

Barbiturates

Barbiturate-Like Substances

Anxiolytics

Other Drugs of Abuse

Treatment for Substance Abuse and Dependence

Biological Treatment

Nonmedical Therapies

Substance Abuse and Dependence:The Biospychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 14 - Eating Disorders and Impulse-ControlDisorders

CASE REPORT:Rosa Nomirez

Eating Disorders

Characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa

Characteristics of Bulimia Nervosa

REAL STORIES: Tracey Gold

Theories and Treatment of Eating Disorders

Theories

Treatment

Impulse-Control Disorders

Kleptomania

Characteristics of Kleptomania

Theories and Treatment of Kleptomania

Pathological Gambling

Characteristics of Pathological Gambling

Theories and Treatment of Pathological Gambling

Pyromania

Characteristics of Pyromania

Theories and Treatment of Pyromania

Sexual Impulsivity

Characteristics of Sexual Impulsivity

Theories and Treatment of Sexual Impulsivity

Trichotillomania

Characteristics of Trichotillomania

Theories and Treatment of Trichotillomania

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Characteristics of Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Theories and Treatment of Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Internet Addiction

Characteristics of Internet Addiction

Theories and Treatment

Eating Disorders and Impulse-Control Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 15 - Ethical and Legal Issues

CASE REPORT:Mark Chen

Ethical Issues

Roles and Responsibilities of Clinicians

Therapist Competence

Informed Consent

Confidentiality

Relationships with Clients

The Business of Psychotherapy

Special Roles for Clinicians

Commitment of Clients

Right to Treatment

Refusal of Treatment

Forensic Issues in Psychological Treatment

Insanity Defense

REAL STORIES: John Hinckley

Competency to Stand Trial

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Glossary

References

Credits

Name Index

Subject Index