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Summary

Accessing the WAN CCNA Exploration Companion Guide Bob Vachon Rick Graziani Accessing the WAN, CCNA Exploration Companion Guideis the official supplemental textbook for the Accessing the WAN course in the Cisco Networking Academy CCNA Exploration curriculum version 4. This course discusses the WAN technologies and network services required by converged applications in enterprise networks. The Companion Guide, written and edited by Networking Academy instructors, is designed as a portable desk reference to use anytime, anywhere. The bookrs"s features reinforce the material in the course to help you focus on important concepts and organize your study time for exams. New and improved features help you study and succeed in this course: Chapter objectives: Review core concepts by answering the focus questions listed at the beginning of each chapter. Key terms: Refer to the updated lists of networking vocabulary introduced and turn to the highlighted terms in context in each chapter. Glossary: Consult the all-new comprehensive glossary with more than 250 terms. Check Your Understanding questions and answer key: Evaluate your readiness with the updated end-of-chapter questions that match the style of questions you see on the online course quizzes. The answer key explains each answer. Challenge questions and activities: Strive to ace more challenging review questions and activities designed to prepare you for the complex styles of questions you might see on the CCNA exam. The answer key explains each answer. Bob Vachon is the coordinator of the Computer Systems Technology program and teaches networking infrastructure courses at Cambrian College in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Bob has worked and taught in the computer networking and information technology field for 25 years and is a scholar graduate of Cambrian College. Rick Graziani teaches computer science and computer networking courses at Cabrillo College in Aptos, California. Rick has worked and taught in the computer networking and information technology field for 30 years. How To: Look for this icon to study the steps that you need to learn to perform certain tasks. Packet Tracer Activities: Explore networking concepts in activities interspersed throughout some chapters using Packet Tracer v4.1 developed by Cisco. The files for these activities are on the accompanying CD-ROM. Also available for the Accessing the WAN Course Accessing the WAN, CCNA Exploration Labs and Study Guide ISBN-10: 1-58713-201-X ISBN-13: 978-1-58713-201-8 Companion CD-ROM The CD-ROM provides many useful tools and information to support your education: Packet Tracer Activity exercise files A Guide to Using a Networkerrs"s Journal booklet Taking Notes: A .txt file of the chapter objectives More IT Career Information Tips on Lifelong Learning in Networking This book is part of the Cisco Networking Academy Series from Cisco Press. The products in this series support and complement the Cisco Networking Academy online curriculum.

Introduction to WANs	p. 1
Objectives	p. 1
Key Terms	p. 1
Introducing Wide-Area Networks (WANs)	p. 3
What Is a WAN?	p. 3
Why Are WANs Necessary?	p. 5
The Evolving Enterprise	p. 5
Businesses and Their Networks	p. 5
Small Office (Single LAN)	p. 6
Campus (Multiple LANs)	p. 6
Branch (WAN)	p. 8
Distributed (Global)	p. 9
The Evolving Network Model	p. 11
The Hierarchical Design Model	p. 11
The Enterprise Architecture	p. 13
WAN Technology Concepts	p. 17
WAN Technology Overview	p. 17
WAN Physical Layer Concepts	p. 18
WAN Data Link Layer Concepts	p. 23
WAN Switching Concepts	p. 26
WAN Connection Options	p. 29
WAN Link Connection Options	p. 29
Dedicated Connection Link Options	p. 31
Circuit-Switched Connection Options	p. 32
Packet-Switched Connection Options	p. 35
I nternet Connection Options	p. 38
Choosing a WAN Link Connection	p. 44
Summary	p. 48
Labs	p. 49
Check Your Understanding	p. 50
Challenge Questions and Activities	p. 54
PPP	p. 55
Objectives	p. 55
Key Terms	p. 55
Introducing Serial Communications	p. 56
How Does Serial Communication Work?	p. 56
Serial Communication Standards	p. 59
TDM	p. 61
Demarcation Point	p. 66
Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communications Equipment	p. 67
HDLC Encapsulation	p. 72
Configuring HDLC Encapsulation	p. 75
Troubleshooting Serial Interfaces	p. 76
PPP Concepts	p. 83
Introducing PPP	p. 83
PPP Layered Architecture	p. 84
PPP Frame Structure	p. 87
Establishing a PPP Session	p. 88
Establishing a Link with LCP	p. 89
NCP Explained	p. 95
PPP Configuration Options	p. 97
PPP Configuration Commands	p. 98
Verifying a Serial PPP Encapsulation Configuration	p. 101
Troubleshooting PPP Encapsulation	p. 102
PPP Authentication Protocols	p. 108
Password Authentication Protocol	p. 109
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)	p. 110
PPP Encapsulation and Authentication Process	p. 112
Configuring PPP with Authentication	p. 115
Troubleshooting a PPP Configuration with Authentication	p. 118
Summary	p. 120
Labs	p. 120
Check Your Understanding	p. 122
Challenge Questions and Activities	p. 126
Frame Relay	p. 127
Objectives	p. 127
Key Terms	p. 127
Introduction	p. 128
Basic Frame Relay Concepts	p. 128
Introducing Frame Relay	p. 128
Virtual Circuits	p. 134
Frame Relay Encapsulation	p. 140
Frame Relay Topologies	p. 141
Frame Relay Address Mapping	p. 145
Configuring Frame Relay	p. 152
Enabling Frame Relay Encapsulation	p. 153
Configuring Static Frame Relay Maps	p. 156
Advanced Frame Relay Concepts	p. 159
Solving Reachability Issues	p. 159
Frame Relay Subinterfaces	p. 161
Paying for Frame Relay	p. 162
Frame Relay Flow Control	p. 166
Configuring Advanced Frame Relay	p. 168
Configuring Frame Relay Subinterfaces	p. 168
Verifying Frame Relay Operation	p. 171
Troubleshooting Frame Relay Configuration	p. 178
Summary	p. 180
Labs 181
Check Your Understanding	p. 182
Challenge Questions and Activities	p. 188
To Learn More	p. 188
Network Security	p. 189
Objectives	p. 189
Key Terms	p. 189
Introduction to Network Security	p. 190
Why Is Network Security Important?	p. 190
Common Security Threats	p. 199
Types of Network Attacks	p. 206
General Mitigation Techniques	p. 219
The Network Security Wheel	p. 226
The Enterprise Security Policy	p. 229
Securing Cisco Routers	p. 232
Router Security Issues	p. 232
Applying Cisco IOS Security Features to Routers	p. 235
Securing Router Network Services	p. 250
Vulnerable Router Services and Interfaces	p. 250
Securing Routing Protocols	p. 256
Lockin
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Supplemental Materials

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Excerpts

Introduction IntroductionThe Cisco Networking Academy is a comprehensive e-learning program that provides students with Internet technology skills. A Networking Academy delivers web-based content, online assessment, student performance tracking, and hands-on labs to prepare students for industry-standard certifications. The CCNA curriculum includes four courses oriented around the topics on the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification.Accessing the WAN, CCNA Exploration Companion Guideis the official supplement textbook to be used with version 4 of the CCNA Exploration Accessing the WAN online curriculum of the Networking Academy.This book goes beyond earlier editions of the Cisco PressCompanion Guidesby providing many alternative explanations and examples as compared with the course. You can use the online curriculum as normal and use thisCompanion Guideto help solidify your understanding of all the topics through the alternative examples.The basis for this book as well as the online curriculum is to help you understand several WAN technologies, including PPP and Frame Relay, and related topics, such as access control lists and Network Address Translation. This book also introduces other WAN technologies, such as DSL, cable modems, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Goals of This BookFirst and foremost, by providing a fresh, complementary perspective on the topics, this book is intended to help you learn all the required materials of the Exploration Accessing the WAN course in the Networking Academy CCNA curriculum. As a secondary goal, the text is intended as a mobile replacement for the online curriculum for individuals who do not always have Internet access. In those cases, you can instead read the appropriate sections of the book, as directed by your instructor, and learn the same material that is covered in the online curriculum. Another secondary goal is to serve as your offline study material and help you prepare for the CCNA exam. Audience for This BookThis book's main audience is anyone taking the CCNA Exploration Accessing the WAN course of the Cisco Networking Academy curriculum. Many Academies use this textbook as a required tool in the course, and other Academies recommend the Companion Guides as an additional source of study and practice materials.The secondary audience for this book includes people taking CCNA-related classes from professional training organizations. This book can also be used for college- and university-level networking courses, as well as by anyone who wants to gain a detailed understanding of wide-area networks. Book FeaturesThe educational features of this book focus on supporting topic coverage, readability, and practice of the course material to facilitate your full understanding of the course material. Topic CoverageThe following features give you a thorough overview of the topics covered in each chapter so that you can make constructive use of your study time:Objectives: Listed at the beginning of each chapter, the objectives reference the core concepts covered in the chapter. The objectives match the objectives stated in the corresponding chapters of the online curriculum. However, the question format in theCompanion Guideencourages you to think about finding the answers as you read the chapter."How-to" feature: When this book covers a set of steps that you need to perform for certain tasks, this book lists the steps as a how-to list. When you are studying, the How To icon helps you easily find this feature as you skim through the book.Notes, tips, cautions, and warnings: These are sidebars that point out interesting facts, time-saving methods, and important safety issues.Chapter summaries: At the