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Welcome to Achieve for Writer's Help - Hacker About Achieve for Writer’s Help - Hacker For Bedford/St. Martin's Acknowledgments Using Achieve for Writer's Help - Hacker in your writing course Achieve Writing Tools Implementation Guide Achieve Diagnostics and Study Plans Implementation Guide Submitting a writing assignment in Achieve Completing a peer review assignment in Achieve Instructor resources for Achieve for Writer's Help. iClicker Reef Slide Set 1 iClicker Reef Slide Set 2
Diagnostics and Study Plans Diagnostic and Study Plan for Sentence Grammar Practice Test for Sentence Grammar - Hacker v2 Complete 50% of the Study Plan for Sentence Grammar - Hacker v2 Complete 100% of the Study Plan for Sentence Grammar - Hacker v2 Final Test for Sentence Grammar - Hacker v2 Diagnostic and Study Plan for Punctuation, Style, and Mechanics Practice Test for Punctuation, Style, and Mechanics - Hacker v2 Complete 50% of the Study Plan for Punctuation, Style, and Mechanics - Hacker v2 Complete 100% of the Study Plan for Punctuation, Style, and Mechanics - Hacker v2 Final Test for Punctuation, Style, and Mechanics - Hacker v2 Diagnostic and Study Plan for Reading Skills Practice Test for Reading Skills - Hacker v2 Complete 50% of the Study Plan for Reading Skills - Hacker v2 Complete 100% of the Study Plan for Reading Skills - Hacker v2 Final Test for Reading Skills - Hacker v2 Diagnostic and Study Plan for Reading Strategies Practice Test for Reading Strategies - Hacker v2 Complete 50% of the Study Plan for Reading Strategies - Hacker v2 Complete 100% of the Study Plan for Reading Strategies - Hacker v2 Final Test for Reading Strategies - Hacker v2
Writing Assignments Annotated bibliography Argument essay Narrative essay Researched argument Rhetorical analysis essay
Guides to Writing in the Disciplines A Guide to Writing in Art and Art History Thinking like an art professional Questions art professionals ask Kinds of evidence art professionals use Ethical practices in art Looking at works of art Responding to a work of art Understanding different points of view in writing about art Developing the techniques of description Researching art Using databases to find scholarly publications in art Primary and secondary sources in art Academic art journals Books and online resources in art Reading the art literature Actively reading art sources How to read scholarly books on art How to read scholarly articles on art Checklists for evaluating sources in art Designing and writing papers and projects in art Considering your purpose and audience in writing in art Checklist for assessing the writing situation in art Organizing and drafting your art paper Revising and editing your art paper Writing conventions in art Word choice (art) Phrasing for clarity, concision, and directness (art) Writing effective sentences (art) Special considerations in writing about art Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in art Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in art Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing art sources Captions and lists of illustrations in your art paper MLA style for documenting sources in art Chicago style for documenting sources in art Genres of writing in art Short description of a work of art Copy for a museum label Personal response to a work of art Comparison of two works of art Formal analysis of a work of art Contextual analysis of a work of art Review of an art exhibition Research paper in art or art history Artist statement Glossary of vocabulary in art Additional resources for art and art history Practice activities (art and art history) A Guide to Writing in Criminal Justice and Criminology Thinking like a criminal justice professional or criminologist Questions criminal justice professionals and criminologists ask Ethics in criminal justice and criminology studies Kinds of evidence criminal justice professionals and criminologists use Researching criminal justice and criminology Using databases for research in criminal justice and criminology Primary and secondary sources in criminal justice and criminology Locating and evaluating online sources in criminal justice and criminology Checklists for evaluating sources in criminal justice and criminology Reading the literature in criminal justice and criminology Active reading in criminal justice and criminology Reading specific literature in criminal justice and criminology The process of writing papers and projects in criminal justice and criminology Considering your purpose and audience in criminal justice and criminology Checklist for assessing the writing situation in criminal justice and criminology Organizing your materials for writing in criminal justice and criminology Drafting and developing a thesis in criminal justice and criminology Revising your writing in criminal justice and criminology Revising and testing thesis statements in criminal justice and criminology Editing your writing in criminal justice and criminology Writing conventions in criminal justice and criminology Sentence structure (criminal justice and criminology) Word choice (criminal justice and criminology) Using visuals and presenting data in criminal justice and criminology Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in criminal justice and criminology Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in criminal justice and criminology Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing sources in criminal justice and criminology In-text citations in criminal justice and criminology papers (APA style) Reference section in criminal justice and criminology papers (APA style) APA manuscript format in criminal justice and criminology papers Genres of writing in criminal justice and criminology Abstract (criminal justice and criminology) Annotated bibliography (criminal justice and criminology) Argument or position paper (criminal justice and criminology) Analytical paper (criminal justice and criminology) Case brief (criminal justice and criminology) Administrative report (criminal justice and criminology) Investigative report (criminal justice and criminology) Literature review (criminal justice and criminology) Professional memo (criminal justice and criminology) Policy memo (criminal justice and criminology) Poster presentation (criminal justice and criminology) Research proposal (criminal justice and criminology) Research paper: Original empirical research (criminal justice and criminology) Glossary of vocabulary in criminal justice and criminology References (criminal justice and criminology) Resources for reading and writing in criminal justice and criminologyPractice activities (criminal justice and criminology)
A Guide to Writing in Economics Thinking like an economist Models and behavior in economics Empirical results and data in economics Distinguishing fact, opinion, and value in writing in economics Questions economists ask Types of evidence economists use Researching economics Using databases to find sources in economics Using economics journals Checklists for evaluating sources in economics Reading the economics literature The basic structure of an economics article Choosing your sources in economics literature Reading your sources actively in economics The process of writing papers and projects in economics Considering your purpose and audience in writing in economics Thesis and hypothesis in economics Checklist for assessing the writing situation in economics Considering the "So what?" question in writing in economics Organizing and drafting your economics paper Revising your economics paper Four approaches to revising thesis statements in economics Editing your economics paper Writing conventions in economics Phrasing for clarity, concision, and directness (economics) Sentence structure (economics) Vocabulary (economics) Using equations in economics Presenting data in tables and figures in economics papers Presenting and documenting code in economics papers Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in economics Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing economics sources Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in economics Documenting sources in economics Genres of writing in economics Abstract (economics) Analysis and evaluation (economics) Argumentative essay (economics) Annotated bibliography (economics) Literature review (economics) Theoretical or modeling paper (economics) Research proposal (economics) Research paper (economics) Policy memo (economics) Glossary of vocabulary in economics References (economics) Practice activities (economics)
A Guide to Writing in Engineering Thinking like an engineer The design process in engineering Questions engineers ask Kinds of evidence engineers use Ethical conduct in engineering Researching engineering Using databases to find articles in engineering research journals Strategies for optimizing your online searches in engineering Distinguishing primary and secondary sources in engineering Sources of engineering data and regulations Evaluating online resources in engineering Reading the engineering literature Actively reading an engineering textbook Active reading in engineering The structure of a research or experimental engineering report The structure of an engineering design report How to read an engineering report The process of writing papers, projects, and presentations in engineering Considering your purpose and your audience in writing in engineering Designing and writing effective documents in engineering Organizing and drafting your engineering paper Revising and editing your engineering paper Writing conventions in engineering Controlling sentence structure in engineering Using effective vocabulary in engineering Presenting data effectively in engineering Presenting equations, calculations, and data in engineering Presenting and documenting code in engineering Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in engineering Summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting engineering sources Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in engineering Using IEEE style for citing sources in engineering Genres of writing in engineering Technical, lab, or test report (engineering) Lab notebook (engineering) Literature review (engineering) Problem analysis and evaluation (engineering) Project proposal (engineering) Design report (engineering) Research report (engineering) Case study (engineering) Memo or brief (engineering) Summary, abstract, and annotated bibliography (engineering) Poster or slide presentation (engineering) Oral presentation (engineering) Glossary of vocabulary in engineering References (engineering) Additional resources for reading and writing in engineering Practice activities (engineering)
A Guide to Writing in Nursing and Health Professions Thinking like a nurse or health professional Questions nurses and health professionals ask Kinds of evidence nurses and health professionals use Ethics in nursing and health professions Researching nursing and health professions Using databases to find research publications in nursing and health professions Primary and secondary sources in nursing and health professions Evaluating online resources in nursing and health professions Reading the nursing and health professions literature Active reading in nursing and health professions The range of articles in nursing and health professions The structure of research articles in nursing and health professions Hypotheses and hypothesis testing in nursing and health professions The structure of evidence-based practice review articles in nursing and health professions How to read a research study in nursing and health professions How to evaluate a research study in nursing and health professions Writing papers and projects in nursing and health professions Considering your purpose in nursing and health professions Understanding your audience and their needs in nursing and health professions Forming a thesis, hypothesis, and research question in nursing and health professions Planning, organizing, and drafting your paper in nursing and health professions Revising and editing your writing in nursing and health professions Writing conventions in nursing and health professions Phrasing for clarity, concision, and directness (nursing and health professions) Choosing vocabulary in nursing and health professions Presenting data in nursing and health professions Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in nursing and health professions Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in nursing and health professions Quoting and summarizing sources in nursing and health professions In-text citations in nursing and health professions (APA style) Reference section in nursing and health professions (APA style) APA manuscript format in papers in nursing and health professions Genres of writing in nursing and health professions Abstract (nursing and health professions) Annotated bibliography (nursing and health professions) Literature review (nursing and health professions) Best practice paper (nursing and health professions) Research proposal (nursing and health professions) Case study or observation report (nursing and health professions) Narrative, history, care and treatment plan, or clinical interview (nursing and health professions) Reflection on learning (nursing and health professions) Short-answer or descriptive response (nursing and health professions) Poster presentation or health science talk (nursing and health professions) Glossary of vocabulary in nursing and health professions Practice activities (nursing and health professions)
A Guide to Professional Writing Thinking like a professional writer Questions professional writers ask Kinds of evidence professional writers use Ethics in professional communication Researching professional writing Strategies for researching professional writing Distinguishing primary and secondary sources in professional writing Reading professional communication journals and online sources Using databases to find sources in professional writing Finding books and other resources in professional writing Evaluating online resources in professional writing Reading the professional communication literature Reading professional communication sources actively Evaluating the strength of claims in professional writing Reading theoretical articles in professional writing Reading research articles in professional writing Reading practice articles in professional writing The process of writing papers, projects, and presentations in professional writing Considering your purpose and audience in professional writing Designing texts in professional writing Using in-house and organizational style guides Writing conventions in professional writing Writing style in professional communication Phrasing for clarity, concision, and directness in professional writing Sentence structure in professional writing Preparing visuals for professional writing Vocabulary in professional writing Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in professional writing Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in professional writing Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing sources in professional writing In-text citations in professional writing (APA style) Reference list in professional writing (APA style) Genres of professional writing Technical or scientific report (professional writing) Literature review (professional writing) Manual or help system (professional writing) Procedural document (professional writing) Proposal (professional writing) Abstract or summary (professional writing) Memo or other correspondence (professional writing) Presentation or poster (professional writing) Website or multimodal document (professional writing) Glossary of vocabulary in professional writing References (professional writing) Additional resources for professional writing Practice activities (professional writing)
A Guide to Writing in Psychology Thinking like a psychologist Psychological science Questions psychologists ask Scientific ethics in psychology studies Researching psychology Finding sources in psychology Psychology databases Primary and secondary sources in psychology Reading a psychology research study The basic structure of a psychology article Choosing your sources in psychology literature Reading your sources actively in psychology Detecting bias in psychology sources Checklists for evaluating sources in psychology Drawing on expert opinion in psychology The process of writing papers and projects in psychology Considering your purpose in writing in psychology Understanding your audience and their needs in psychology Checklist for assessing the writing situation in psychology Considering the "So what?" question in writing in psychology Organizing and drafting your psychology paper Revising and editing your psychology paper Four approaches to revising thesis statements in psychology Writing conventions in psychology Sentence structure (psychology) Word choice (psychology) Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in psychology Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in psychology Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing psychology sources In-text citations in psychology papers (APA style) Reference section in psychology papers (APA style) Presenting data in psychology papers (APA style) Formatting psychology papers (APA style) Genres of writing in psychology Annotated bibliography (psychology) Abstract (psychology) Literature review (psychology) Research proposal (psychology) Institutional review board (IRB) application (psychology) Research paper (psychology) Lab report (psychology) Case study (psychology) Response paper (psychology) Poster presentation (psychology) Glossary of vocabulary in psychology Practice activities (psychology)
A Guide to Writing in Science Thinking like a scientist Writing like a scientist Questions scientists ask Kinds of evidence scientists use Distinguishing fact, opinion, and value in writing in science Ethics in science writing Researching science Using databases to find research publications in science Primary and secondary sources in science Evaluating online resources in science Reading the scientific literature Actively reading a science textbook The structure of a science paper Actively reading science papers The process of writing papers in science Considering your purpose in writing in science Understanding your audience and their needs in science Organizing and drafting your science paper Revising and editing your science paper Writing conventions in science Sentence structure (science) Phrasing for clarity, concision, and directness (science) Word choice (science) Integrating, citing, and documenting sources in science Avoiding plagiarism and recognizing intellectual property in science Presenting data in science papers CSE system for documenting sources in science writing Genres of writing in science Annotated bibliography, article summary, or abstract (science) Literature review (science) Lab report (science) Research report (science) Research proposal (science) Lab notebook (science) Short response and description (science) Oral presentation (science) Poster presentation (science) Glossary of vocabulary in science Additional resources for reading and writing in science Practice activities (science)
Drafting and Revising Planning a paper Understanding an assignment Assessing the writing situation Checklist for assessing the writing situation Subject Purpose and audience Academic, business, and public audiences Genre Length and document design Reviewers and deadlines Exploring the subject Reading and annotating texts Talking, listening, and observing Brainstorming and listing ideas Listing ideas (brainstorming): Samples Freewriting Gaining expert perspective Keeping a journal and blogging Asking questions Drafting and revising a working thesis statement Drafting a working thesis Revising a working thesis Five approaches to revising thesis statements Drafting a plan Sample informal outlines Sample formal outlines Planning an analysis essay Key features of analysis essays Exploring, drafting, revising, and presenting an analysis essay Sample student writing: Analysis essays Planning an annotated bibliography Key features of annotated bibliographies Exploring, drafting, revising, and presenting an annotated bibliography Sample student writing: Annotated bibliography Planning an argument essay Key features of argument essays Exploring, drafting, revising, and presenting an argument essay Sample student writing: Argument essays Planning a literacy narrative Key features of literacy narratives Exploring, drafting, revising, and presenting a literacy narrative Sample student writing: Literacy narrative Planning a reflective letter for a portfolio Key features of reflective letters Exploring, drafting, revising, and presenting a reflective letter Sample student writing: Reflective letterDrafting a paper Drafting an introduction Developing the thesis statement Effective introductions Drafting the body Drafting a conclusion Effective conclusions Using software tools Managing your files Naming, saving, and sharing your files Exercises: Planning and drafting (4) Reviewing, revising, and editing Effective peer reviews The writer’s role in peer review The reviewer’s role in peer review Tips for reviewers and for writers Revising with comments Global revision: Revising in cycles Checklist for global revision Revising and editing sentences Proofreading Reflecting on your writing Exercises: Reviewing and revising (2) One student’s process of revision: Literacy narrative Exploring the subject (literacy narrative) Peer review of literacy narrative Developing revision goals and revising the draft (literacy narrative) Literacy narrative (MLA): Nguyen, “A Place to Begin” Preparing a portfolio Reflection and portfolios Sample student writing: Reflective letter for a portfolio Preparing a professional portfolio Deciding on format (print vs. online) Building effective paragraphs Unifying paragraphs with topic sentences Positioning the topic sentence Developing the main point Using paragraph patterns Making paragraphs coherent Linking ideas to the topic sentence Repeating key words for coherence Using parallel structures Maintaining consistency Using transitions between sentences Using transitions between paragraphs Managing paragraph length Exercises: Paragraphs (3) LearningCurve: Paragraphs (3) Designing documents Page layout and formatting Page layout Page formatting Page elements Text formatting Line spacing Paragraph indenting and spacing Text alignment Tabbed text Font selection Font styles Headings Phrasing and formatting headings Lists Using visuals Using visuals Choosing appropriate visuals Placing and labeling visuals Types of visuals to suit your purpose Using visuals responsibly Document design gallery MLA essay format MLA works cited page APA title page APA abstract page APA essay format APA list of references Business report with a visual Business letter in full block style Résumé Professional memo Email message
Reading, Writing, and Speaking Reading and analyzing written texts Reading a written text actively Reading a written text actively Previewing a written text Annotating a written text Conversing with a written text Asking the “So what?” question Outlining a written text Summarizing a written text Analyzing a written text Balancing summary with analysis for a written text Drafting an analytical thesis statement for a written text Analysis of an article (MLA): Sanchez, “Rethinking Big-Box Stores”Video tutorials: Analytical essay What is an analytical essay? (video+assessment) How to read actively (video+assessment) How to draft an analytical thesis statement (video+assessment) How to balance summary and analysis (video+assessment) LearningCurve: Critical reading (4) Reading and analyzing multimodal texts Reading a multimodal text actively Previewing a multimodal text Annotating a multimodal text Sample annotated multimodal texts Conversing with a multimodal text Outlining a multimodal text Summarizing a multimodal text Analyzing a multimodal text Balancing summary with analysis for a multimodal text Drafting an analytical thesis statement for a multimodal text Analysis of an advertisement (MLA): Yoshida, “Sometimes a Cup of Coffee Is Just a Cup of Coffee” Reading arguments Reasonable vs. fallacious arguments Making generalizations (inductive reasoning) Drawing analogies Tracing causes and effects Weighing options Making assumptions Deducing conclusions (deductive reasoning) Legitimate vs. unfair emotional appeals Evaluating appeals (ethos, logos, pathos) as a reader Judging how a writer handles opposing views Writing arguments Placing an issue in context Addressing skeptical audiences Using appeals (ethos, logos, pathos) as a writer Stating your position in your introduction Backing up the thesis Sample lines of argument: Using subclaims to support the thesis Supporting claims with evidence Facts and statistics as support for claims Examples and illustrations as support for claims Visuals as support for claims Expert opinion as support for claims Anticipating objections and countering opposing arguments Building common ground Argument paper (MLA): Jacobs, “From Lecture to Conversation: Redefining What's 'Fit to Print'” Video tutorials: Researched argument What is a researched argument? (video+assessment) How to ask a research question (video+assessment) How to develop an argumentative thesis (video+assessment) How to address a counterargument (video+assessment) Exercise: Argument (1) LearningCurve: Argument (4) Speaking confidently Speaking with a sense of purpose, audience, and context Developing a clear structure Using visuals purposefully Preparing to present with slides, from memory, or from a text Rehearsing the presentation Delivering the presentation Being an audience member Remixing a paper for a presentation
Researching Managing a research project Exploring the research topic Writing a research proposal Posing questions worth exploring Developing focused, challenging, and grounded questions Mapping out a search strategy Tips for smart searching Going beyond a Google search Library searches Database searches Web searches Citations, bibliographies, and literature reviews Field research Managing information responsibly Avoiding plagiarism with careful note taking Summarizing without plagiarizing Paraphrasing without plagiarizing Quoting without plagiarizingEvaluating sources Checklists for evaluating sources Detecting unreliable and misleading sources Functions of sources Selecting articles in databases Selecting books Selecting web sources Selecting versions of electronic sources Reading sources critically Creating an annotated bibliography Video tutorials: Annotated bibliography What is an annotated bibliography? (video+assessment) How to enter a research conversation (video+assessment) How to write an annotation: The language of summary and evaluation (video+assessment) How to evaluate a source (video+assessment) Exercise: Researching (1)
Documenting Sources: MLA Style Forming and supporting a thesis (MLA) Organizing your evidence (MLA) Using sources for different purposes (MLA) Avoiding plagiarism and integrating sources (MLA) Quick help: Reviewing an MLA paper: Use of sources Using quotation marks with borrowed language (MLA) Using quotations appropriately (MLA) Using the ellipsis mark to limit quoted material (MLA) Using brackets to make quotations clear (MLA) Indenting long quotations (MLA) Summarizing and paraphrasing in your own words (MLA) Using signal phrases to integrate sources (MLA) Marking boundaries between your words and the source’s words (MLA) Establishing authority (MLA) Introducing summaries and paraphrases (MLA) Putting direct quotations in context (MLA) Integrating statistics and other facts (MLA) Synthesizing sources (MLA) Considering how sources relate to your argument (MLA) Placing sources in conversation (MLA)MLA in-text citations Directory to MLA in-text citation models Basic format for in-text citations (MLA) Variations on authors (MLA in-text citations) Variations on types and parts of works (MLA in-text citations) Literary works and sacred texts (MLA in-text citations) MLA list of works cited Directory to MLA works cited models General guidelines for the MLA works cited list Quick help: MLA works cited Authors and other contributors (MLA works cited) Articles and other short works (MLA works cited) Websites and parts of websites (MLA works cited) Blogs, comments, social media (MLA works cited) Books and book-length works (MLA works cited) Video, audio, software, video games (MLA works cited) TV, radio, performance, lecture, music (MLA works cited) Visuals (artwork, photograph, graphics) (MLA works cited) Letters and interviews (MLA works cited) Government and legal documents (MLA works cited) Citation at a glance and other models (MLA) Citation at a glance and other models (MLA) Citation at a glance: Article from a database (MLA) Citation at a glance: Article in an online journal (MLA) Citation at a glance: Book (MLA) Citation at a glance: Selection from an anthology or a collection (MLA)Citation at a glance: Work from a website (MLA) How to answer the basic question “Who is the author?” (MLA) How to cite a source reposted from another source (MLA) Video tutorials: Citing sources (MLA) MLA documentation style (video) How to cite a book in MLA style (video+assessment) How to cite an article in a database in MLA style (video+assessment) How to cite an online article in MLA style (video+assessment) How to cite a selection from an anthology in MLA style (video+assessment) How to cite a work from a Web site in MLA style (video+assessment) How to format a paper in MLA style (video) MLA information notes (optional) Formatting an MLA research paper; sample student writing MLA guidelines, body of paper MLA guidelines, works cited list Research paper (MLA): Harba, “What’s for Dinner? Personal Choices vs. Public Health” Directory to sample student writing in MLA style Exercises: MLA documentation (15) LearningCurve: Working with sources (MLA)
Documenting Sources: APA Style Forming and supporting a thesis (APA) Organizing your evidence (APA) Using sources for different purposes (APA) Avoiding plagiarism and integrating sources (APA) Quick help: Reviewing an APA paper: Use of sources Using quotation marks with borrowed language (APA) Using quotations appropriately (APA) Using quotations appropriately (APA) Using the ellipsis mark to limit quoted material (APA) Using brackets to make quotations clear (APA) Indenting long quotations (APA) Summarizing and paraphrasing in your own words (APA) Using signal phrases to integrate sources (APA) Marking boundaries between your words and the source’s words (APA) Introducing summaries and paraphrases (APA) Putting direct quotations in context (APA) Integrating statistics and other facts (APA) Synthesizing sources (APA) APA in-text citations Directory to APA in-text citation models Basic format for in-text citations (APA) Multiple works (APA in-text citations) Web sources (APA in-text citations) Other sources (APA in-text citations) APA list of references Directory to APA reference list models General guidelines for the APA reference list Quick help: APA reference list Authors and other contributors (APA reference list) Articles and other short works (APA reference list) Websites and parts of websites (APA reference list) Books and book-length works (APA reference list) Audio, visual, and multimedia sources (APA reference list) Visuals (artwork, photograph, graphic, data set) (APA reference list) Personal communication and social media (APA reference list) Citation at a glance (APA style) Citation at a glance: Article in an online journal or magazine (APA) Citation at a glance: Article from a database (APA) Citation at a glance: Book (APA) Citation at a glance: Section in a web document (APA) Video tutorials: Citing sources (APA) APA documentation style (video) How to cite an article in a database in APA style (video+assessment) How to cite a book in APA style (video+assessment) How to cite an online article in APA style (video+assessment) How to cite a web document in APA style (video+assessment) Formatting an APA paper; sample student writing APA guidelines, body of paper APA guidelines, reference list Review of the literature (APA): Wang, "Technology and the Shift From Teacher-Delivered to Student-Centered Learning" Directory to sample student writing in APA style Exercises: APA documentation (17) LearningCurve: Working with sources (APA)
Documenting Sources: Chicago Style Forming and supporting a thesis (Chicago) Organizing your evidence (Chicago) Using sources for different purposes (Chicago) Avoiding plagiarism and integrating quotations (Chicago) Quick help: Reviewing a Chicago paper: Use of sources Using quotation marks with borrowed language (Chicago) Using quotations appropriately (Chicago) Using the ellipsis mark to limit quoted material (Chicago) Using brackets to make quotations clear (Chicago) Indenting long quotations (Chicago) Summarizing and paraphrasing in your own words (Chicago) Using signal phrases to integrate sources (Chicago) Marking boundaries between your words and the source’s words (Chicago) Introducing summaries and paraphrases (Chicago) Putting direct quotations in context (Chicago) Integrating statistics and other facts (Chicago)Chicago notes and bibliography Directory to Chicago notes and bibliography entries General guidelines for Chicago notes and bibliography entries Quick help: Chicago notes and bibliography entries Authors and other contributors (Chicago style) Books and book-length works (Chicago style) Articles and other short works (Chicago style) Websites and parts of websites (Chicago style) Audio, visual, and multimedia sources (Chicago style) Personal communication and social media (Chicago style) Citation at a glance (Chicago) Citation at a glance (Chicago) Citation at a glance: Article in an online journal (Chicago) Citation at a glance: Article from a database (Chicago) Citation at a glance: Book (Chicago) Citation at a glance: Letter in a published collection (Chicago) Citation at a glance: Primary source from a website (Chicago) Formatting a Chicago paper; sample student writing Chicago guidelines, body of paper Chicago guidelines, endnotes Chicago guidelines, bibliography Research paper (Chicago): Bishop, “The Massacre at Fort Pillow: Nathan Bedford Forrest” Directory to sample student writing in Chicago style Exercises: Chicago documentation (18)
Documenting Sources: CSE Style CSE in-text citations CSE reference list Directory to CSE reference list models Basic guidelines for CSE style Articles and other short works (CSE) Books, other long works, and parts of books (CSE) Online, audio, visual, and multimedia sources (CSE) Formatting a CSE paper; sample student writing CSE guidelines, body of paper CSE guidelines, reference list Directory to sample student writing in CSE style
Documenting Sources: IEEE Style IEEE in-text citations IEEE reference list IEEE reference list: Basic formatting guidelines IEEE reference list: Examples
Writing Strong Sentences Sentence emphasis (coordination and subordination) Coordination Ineffective coordination Subordination Ineffective subordination Combining choppy sentences Special techniques for emphasis Sentence variety Exercises: Sentence emphasis (7) LearningCurve: Coordination and subordination (1) Strong, active verbs Quick help: Strong, active verbs Strong, active verbs: Overview Using the active voice Appropriate uses of the passive voice be verbs Exercises: Active and passive voice (4) LearningCurve: Active and passive voice (1) Parallelism Quick help: Parallelism Parallelism: Overview Parallel ideas in a series Parallel ideas in headings and lists Parallel ideas in pairs Repeating function words to clarify parallels Exercises: Parallelism (4) LearningCurve: Parallelism (1) Using needed words Quick help: Needed words Complete compound structures Using that to avoid misreading Making comparisons logical and complete Exercises: Needed words (3)
Avoiding Sentence Problems Sentence fragments Quick help: Sentence fragments Sentence fragments: Overview Test for sentence fragments Fragmented clauses Fragmented phrases Fragmented lists and examples Using fragments deliberately Exercises: Sentence fragments (3) LearningCurve: Sentence fragments (1) Run-on sentences Quick help: Run-on sentences Run-on sentences: Overview Recognizing run-on sentences Revising run-on sentences Fixing a run-on by adding a coordinating conjunction or punctuation Fixing a run-on by creating separate sentences Fixing a run-on by subordination Exercises: Run-on sentences (3) LearningCurve: Run-on sentences (1) Awkward modifiers Quick help: Awkward modifiers Placement of limiting modifiers Placement of modifying phrases and clauses Ambiguous (squinting) modifiers Awkwardly placed modifiers Split infinitives Exercises: Awkward modifiers (3) Dangling modifiers Quick help: Recognizing dangling modifiers Quick help: Repairing dangling modifiers Recognizing dangling modifiers Repairing dangling modifiers Exercises: Dangling modifiers (3) LearningCurve: Modifiers (1) Shifts Quick help: Shifts Shifts in point of view Shifts in verb tense, mood, and voice Shifts from indirect to direct questions and quotations Exercises: Shifts (6) LearningCurve: Shifts (1) Mixed constructions Mixed grammatical structure Mixed sentence logic Avoiding is when, is where, and reason . . . is because Exercises: Mixed constructions (3)
Writing Correct Sentences Subject-verb agreement Quick help: Subject-verb agreement Standard subject-verb combinations Subject-verb agreement at a glance Agreement with subject, not with intervening words (subject-verb) Agreement when subjects are joined with and (subject-verb) Agreement when subjects are joined with or or nor (subject-verb) Agreement with indefinite pronouns (subject-verb) Agreement with collective nouns (subject-verb) Agreement with the number, a number, fractions, and units of measure Agreement when the subject follows the verb Agreement with subject, not with words following verb Agreement with antecedents of who, which, and that (subject-verb) Agreement with miscellaneous terms (subject-verb) Exercises: Subject-verb agreement (4) LearningCurve: Subject-verb agreement (1) Verbs Quick help: Verbs Survey of verb tenses (active voice) Simple tenses Perfect tenses Progressive forms Forms of regular and irregular verbs Common irregular verbs Past tense vs. past participle of irregular verbs -s verb endings -ed verb endings Omitted verbs Special uses of tenses Special uses of the past perfect tense Sequence of tenses Subjunctive mood Exercises: Verbs (9) LearningCurve: Verbs (1) Pronoun agreement and reference Quick help: Pronoun agreement and reference Pronoun-antecedent agreement Agreement with indefinite pronouns (pronoun-antecedent) Agreement with generic nouns (pronoun-antecedent) Agreement with collective nouns (pronoun-antecedent) Agreement with compound antecedents Pronoun reference Ambiguous and implied pronoun reference Broad reference of this, that, which, and it Indefinite reference of they, it, or youExercises: Pronoun agreement and reference (6) LearningCurve: Pronoun agreement and pronoun reference (1) Pronoun case (I vs. me, who vs. whom) Quick help: Pronoun case Pronoun case: I vs. me, they vs. them, who vs. whom, etc. Pronoun case with compound word groups Miscellaneous uses of pronoun case who and whom who and whom in subordinate clauses who vs. whom in questions and with infinitivesExercises: Pronoun case (7) Using adjectives and adverbs appropriately Quick help: Adjectives and adverbs Adjectives and adverbs: Overview Using adjectives to modify nouns Using adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs good vs. well, bad vs. badly Comparatives and superlatives Double comparatives or superlatives, absolute concepts Double negatives Exercises: Adjectives and adverbs (3)
Choosing Words Appropriately Concise sentences Quick help: Concise language Avoiding redundancy and repetition Cutting empty or inflated phrases Simplifying sentence structure Exercises: Wordy sentences (3) Appropriate language Quick help: Appropriate language Avoiding jargon Avoiding pretentious language, euphemisms, and "doublespeak" Avoiding slang and regional expressions Observing the distinction between standard and nonstandard English Using an appropriate level of formality Recognizing sexist and noninclusive language Revising sexist and noninclusive language Avoiding offensive language Exercises: Appropriate language (5) LearningCurve: Appropriate language (1) Exact Language Quick help: Exact language Using words with proper connotation and meaning Specific, concrete nouns Standard idioms Clichés Figurative language Consulting the dictionary and thesaurus Understanding dictionary entries and labels Using the thesaurus Exercises: Exact language (6)
Using Punctuation Effectively Commas Quick help: Commas The comma: Overview Comma before a coordinating conjunction Comma after introductory phrase or clause Commas with items in a series (list) Comma between coordinate adjectives Commas and restrictive and nonrestrictive elements: Overview Distinguishing between restrictive and nonrestrictive from context Commas with adjective clauses Commas with adjective phrases Commas with appositives Commas with transitional expressions Commas with absolute phrases Miscellaneous uses of commas Exercises: Commas (10) LearningCurve: Commas (1) Unnecessary commas Quick help: Unnecessary commas No comma between some compound elements No comma between a verb and its subject or object No comma between cumulative adjectives No commas with restrictive (essential) elements No comma with an essential concluding adverb clause Other unnecessary commas Exercises: Unnecessary commas (3) Semicolons Quick help: Semicolons Semicolon between independent clauses Semicolon with transitional expression Semicolons between items in a series Unnecessary semicolons Exercises: Semicolons and commas (3) LearningCurve: Semicolons and colons (1) Colons Quick help: Colons Colon to introduce a list or other concluding element Colon between independent clauses Conventional uses of the colon Unnecessary colons Exercises: Colons, semicolons, and commas (2) Apostrophes Quick help: Apostrophes Apostrophe in possessives Apostrophe in contractions Apostrophe: Special cases Common misuses of the apostrophe Exercises: Apostrophes (3) LearningCurve: Apostrophes (1) Quotation marks Quick help: Quotation marks Quotation marks with direct quotations and dialogue Long quotations in academic writing Miscellaneous uses of quotation marks Quotation marks with other punctuation Introducing quoted material Misuses of quotation marks Exercises: Quotation marks (2) LearningCurve: Quotation marks and italics (1) Other punctuation marks The period The question mark The exclamation point The dash Parentheses Brackets The ellipsis mark The slash Exercises: Miscellaneous punctuation marks (3)
Mechanics Spelling Spelling words correctly Spelling rules Words that sound alike but have different spellings (homophones)Exercise: Spelling (1) Hyphens Using hyphens Miscellaneous uses of hyphens Exercises: Hyphens (2) Capitalization Capitalizing proper nouns and abbreviations Capitalizing personal titles Capitalizing titles and subtitles of works Capitalizing scientific and technical terms Capitalization and sentences Exercises: Capitalization (2) LearningCurve: Capitalization (1) Abbreviations Abbreviations for titles with proper names Abbreviations for organizations and other common terms Abbreviations for units of measurement and scientific terms Miscellaneous uses of abbreviations Misuses of abbreviations Exercises: Abbreviations (2) Numbers Spelling out numbers Acceptable uses of numerals Exercises: Numbers (2) Italics Titles that are italicized Titles that are not italicized Miscellaneous uses of italics Exercises: Italics (2) Basic Grammar and ESL Topics Parts of speech Parts of speech Parts of speech: Nouns Parts of speech: Pronouns Parts of speech: Verbs Parts of speech: Adjectives and articles Parts of speech: Adverbs Parts of speech: Prepositions Parts of speech: Conjunctions Parts of speech: Interjections Exercises: Parts of speech (19) LearningCurve: Parts of speech (3)
Parts of sentences Subjects Verbs, objects, and complements Exercises: Parts of sentences (9) Subordinate words groups Prepositional phrases Verbal phrases Appositive phrases and absolute phrases Subordinate clauses Sentence structures and purposes Exercises: Subordinate word groups (12) Articles for multilingual writers Quick help: Articles Articles and other noun markers Types of articles and types of nouns Types of nouns Choosing articles for common nouns Using the with most specific common nouns Using a (or an) with common singular count nouns When to use articles and quantifiers with noncount nouns Not using articles with general nouns Articles with proper nouns Exercises: Articles for multilingual writers (4) LearningCurve: Articles and types of nouns (1) Verbs for multilingual writers Quick help: Verbs for multilingual writers Verb form and tense Survey of tenses for multilingual writers Base form after a modal Forming the passive voice Verb tenses commonly used in the passive voice Negative verb forms Avoiding double negatives Verbs in conditional sentences Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives Verb + gerund or infinitive Verb + gerund Verb + infinitive Verb + noun or pronoun + infinitiveExercises: Verbs for multilingual writers (9) LearningCurve: Verbs for multilingual writers (1) Adjectives for multilingual writers Quick help: Adjectives for multilingual writers Present participles and past participles used as adjectives Order of cumulative adjectives Exercises: Adjectives for multilingual writers (4) Prepositions and idioms for multilingual writers Quick help: Prepositions and idiomatic expressions Prepositions showing time and place Using nouns (including -ing forms) after prepositions Common adjective + preposition combinations Common verb + preposition combinations Exercises: Prepositions for multilingual writers (2) LearningCurve: Prepositions for multilingual writers (1) Sentence structure for multilingual writers Quick help: Sentence structure Linking verb between a subject and its complement A subject in every sentence Avoiding repeated subjects Avoiding repeated objects or adverbs Avoiding mixed constructions with although or because Avoiding adverbs between verbs and objects Exercises: Sentence structure for multilingual writers (4) LearningCurve: Sentence structure for multilingual writers (1) Meeting Academic Expectations College-level expectations Reading the syllabus Understanding the expectations of US classrooms Participating actively Working in groups Showing respect for peers Attending classes Getting extra help Improving your academic English Intensive and extensive language activities Reading while listening Using an English-English dictionary or a thesaurus The Academic Word List Learning about prefixes and suffixes Keeping a vocabulary notebook Keeping an editing log Targeting areas for improvement Paraphrasing sources effectively Understanding synonyms Determining the source’s meaning Presenting the source’s meaning in your own wordsAcademic writing and cultural expectations Asserting your claim before providing evidence Taking a stand on an issue Including details that support the main idea Understanding intellectual property and avoiding plagiarism Draft with instructor's comments (MLA): Ryoo, “Summary of 'You, the Language Learner'” Final draft (MLA): Ryoo, “Summary of 'You, the Language Learner'”Practice exercises for multilingual writers Practice exercises for multilingual writers Intensive grammar exercises Topics for writing practice (intensive and extensive) Topics for writing practice (intensive and extensive) Writing prompts for multilingual writersPreparing to learn online Checking your readiness for online learning Traditional versus online courses Asynchronous versus synchronous communication Navigating technology in your course Navigating technology in your course Home page or welcome page for the course Course content units Discussion forums (asynchronous communication) Chat rooms, live chat, and instant messaging (synchronous communication) Course email (personal communication) Syllabus and assignments for an online course Announcements, content pages, and organization Participating actively in online courses Setting priorities and managing your time effectively Using the course calendar and a personal planner to manage your time Communicating regularly with your instructor and classmates Making adjustments to increase your motivation and participationContributing appropriate content in online courses Communicating with your instructor and classmates Communicating with peers and instructors Offering sound advice in peer reviews Communicating courteously and professionally Using the appropriate level of detail and clarity in discussions Finding extra help in online courses Being prepared for possible technology challenges Getting help from your instructor, your peers, or the writing centerA brief glossary of online learning terminology
Understanding and Composing Multimodal Projects Introduction to multimodal texts What does it mean to “read” a text? What is a text? A drawing and a poem on a Grecian urn What is multimodal composing? Composing hasn’t changed Composing has changed Composing in college Composing beyond college A toolkit for analyzing and composing multimodal texts Analyzing written words Genre: In what kind of document do the written words appear? Features: What do the words look like? Purpose and audience: Why and for whom are the words created? Meaning: What effect do the words have on the reader? Analyzing sound Genre: What kind of sound is it? Podcast for student analysis: King Anyi Howell, “Hustlers, Street Vendors, and Farmers” Features: Pitch, pace, and volume Purpose and audience: Why and for whom is the sound created? Meaning: What effect does sound have on the listener? Analyzing static images Genre: What kind of image is it? Features: Context, perspective, and elements Purpose and audience: Why and for whom are the images created? Meaning: What effect does the image have on the viewer? Analyzing moving images Genre: What kind of moving image is it? Features: Perspective, composition, and editing Purpose and audience: Why and for whom are the moving images created? Meaning: What effect do the moving images have on the viewer?Analyzing multimodal texts Genre: What kind of multimodal text is it? Features: Which modes are represented? How do they function? Purpose and audience: Why and for whom is the multimodal text created? Meaning: What effect does the composition have on the viewer?Starting your own multimodal project Getting direction from the assignment Considering the “So what?” question Understanding expectations and managing your time Considering your purpose and audience for a multimodal project Prewriting with your purpose in mind Alyson D'Amato's notes on a website project Identifying your audience’s needs and perspectives Connecting with your audience Recognizing an unintended audience Planning your multimodal project Understanding your own composing process Collaborating effectively with others Deciding on a main idea Planning support for your main idea Choosing a genre; deciding on a delivery method Managing your multimodal project Saving all your files in one place Keeping track of all your files File names and versions Organizing your multimodal project Deciding what type of project you want to create Using outlines, wireframes, and storyboards Drafting to support your main idea Emphasizing important information in your multimodal project Determining what needs emphasis Choosing a strategy for creating emphasis Revising and editing your multimodal project Seeking and using feedback Revising and remixing a multimodal composition Editing a multimodal composition Integrating and documenting sources in your multimodal project Knowing when a citation is needed Determining how to integrate sources in a multimodal compositionFiguring out how to document sources in a multimodal compositionPresenting or publishing your multimodal project Pros and cons of presentation and publication spaces Making your project accessible and usable Website project: D'Amato, “Loose Leaf Teas” Video essay project: Williamson, “To the Children of America”
Learning about Writing in College Classes Writing in college classes Approaching assignments in different classes Recognizing the questions writers ask Using a discipline’s preferred citation style Directory to sample student writing, by genre (type) Writing in a biology class: Overview Your audience in biology Forms of writing in biology Questions biologists ask and the evidence they use Writing conventions in biology Sample student writing: Laboratory report and review of the literatureWriting in a business class: Overview Your audience in business Forms of writing in business Questions business writers ask and the evidence they use Writing conventions in business Sample student writing: An investigative report and a proposal Writing in a criminal justice or criminology class: Overview Your audience in criminal justice and criminology Forms of writing in criminal justice and criminology Questions criminal justice professionals and criminologists ask and the evidence they use Writing conventions in criminal justice and criminology Sample student writing: Administrative report Writing in an education class: Overview Your audience in education Forms of writing in education Questions writers in education ask and the evidence they use Writing conventions in education Sample student writing: Reflective essay Writing in an engineering class: Overview Your audience in engineering Forms of writing in engineering Questions engineers ask and the evidence they use Writing conventions in engineering Sample student writing: Proposal (engineering) Writing in a history class: Overview Your audience in history Forms of writing in history Questions historians ask and the evidence they use Writing conventions in history Sample student writing: Research essay (history) Writing in a music class: Overview Your audience in music Forms of writing in music Questions writers in music ask and the evidence they use Writing conventions in music Sample student writing: Concert review Writing in a nursing class: Overview Your audience in nursing Forms of writing in nursing Questions nurses ask and the evidence they use Writing conventions in nursing Sample student writing: Nursing practice paper Writing in a psychology class: Overview Your audience in psychology Forms of writing in psychology Questions psychologists ask and the evidence they use Writing conventions in psychology Sample student writing: Literature review (psychology) Writing about literature Planning an interpretation of literature Questions to ask about literature Taking notes on a literary work Discussing a literary work Forming an interpretation Developing an interpretive thesis Outlining an interpretive essay Drafting a literature paper Integrating quotations from a literary work Referring to literary authors, titles, and characters Observing conventional uses of verbs in literature papers Avoiding plagiarism in literature papers Using MLA style for citing literary works Citing passages from short stories or novels Citing lines from poems and from plays Documenting secondary sources Literary analysis (MLA): Peel, “Opposing Voices in 'Ballad of the Landlord'” Literary analysis (MLA): Larson, “The Transformation of Mrs. Peters”
Glossaries Glossary of usage Brief glossary of terms Glossary of terms
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